Orasema stramineipes Cameron

Burks, Roger A., Heraty, John M., Dominguez, Chrysalyn & Mottern, Jason L., 2018, Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae), Zootaxa 4401 (1), pp. 1-107 : 87-89

Orasema stramineipes Cameron

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 01AF25E9-A62F-4C9B-AA39-5105E0D464D4 ( Figs 207–214 )

Orasema stramineipes Cameron, 1884: 105 . Panama: Bugaba, 800–1500 ft. Champion [BMNH type no. 5.370], lectotype designated by Heraty, 2002.

Orasema flavipes Cameron, 1884 : plate V, fig. 20. Synonymy by Kirby, 1886: 29 (objective synonym).

Diagnosis. Mesoscutal midlobe finely reticulate anteriorly to areolate-reticulate posteriorly, becoming areolate posteriorly. Mesoscutal sidelobe finely reticulate. Mesoscutellar disc areolate. Axillula areolate-reticulate, without complete longitudinal carinae. Petiole in females not extending beyond hind coxal apex.

This species is best recognized by the areolate sculpture on its mesoscutellum, including the axillula, and a mesoscutellum that is posteriorly areolate but anteriorly areolate-reticulate ( Figs 210, 211 ). It is very similar to O. yaax , differing in that its fore femur is entirely yellow ( Fig. 207 ) instead of brownish. It is distinguished from O. nyamo mainly by having a larger body, but also in the distinctive flagellomere shape in O. nyamo ( Fig. 149 ).

Description. Female. Length 3.0–5.0 mm.

Color: Head and mesosoma green to blue with reddish to yellowish luster dorsally, becoming purple to black ventrally. Pedicel pale brown; anellus pale brown; flagellum brown. Coxae brown to purple dorsally, becoming yellow apically; legs beyond coxae yellow, or (Soltis form, see below) fore femur with some brownish coloration. Fore wing slightly infuscate; venation dark brown. Petiole green; gaster brown with blue-green to purple luster.

Head: Head width:head height 1.1–1.2; face reticulate; longitudinal groove between eye and torulus present; eyes bare, inter-ocular distance:eye height 1.4–1.7; malar space:eye height 0.7–0.8; supraclypeal area longer than broad, smooth medially, weakly sculptured laterally; clypeus smooth to weakly sculptured. Flagellum length:head height 1.4–1.7; F2 2.8–3.4× as long as broad, 1.1–1.3× as long as F3; following funiculars subequal in width, progressively shorter.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma length:height 1.3–1.4. Mesoscutal midlobe mostly areolate-reticulate, becoming areolate posteromedially, with minute setae; lateral lobe weakly areolate-reticulate. Axilla areolate-reticulate; mesoscutellar disc almost entirely areolate, with a few small areolate-reticulate areas peripherally; frenal line regularly foveate; frenum areolate-reticulate; axillular groove anteriorly absent, broad and foveate posteriorly; axillula areolate-reticulate centrally but with some carinae anteriorly and ventrally. Propodeum with irregular median carina; propodeal disc areolate medially to areolate-reticulate laterally; callus reticulate, with 3–5 setae. Mesepisternum areolate-reticulate laterally with longitudinal carinae, smooth ventrally, broadly rounded anterior to mid coxa. Upper mesepimeron mostly smooth, reticulate posterodorsally; lower mesepimeron reticulate or nearly smooth; transepimeral sulcus distinct. Metepisternum laterally reticulate or nearly smooth. Hind coxa 1.8–2.3× as long as broad; hind femur 5.4–6.3× as long as broad. Fore wing 2.5–2.7× as long as broad, 2.5–2.9× as long as mesothorax; stigma with 4–5 sensilla separated into two clusters. Hind wing costal cell with a broad bare area.

Metasoma: Petiole 2.0–2.8× as long as broad, 1.0–1.1× as long as hind coxa, areolate, anterior carina weak. Antecostal sulcus crossed by carinae; acrosternite posteriorly angulate. Male. Unknown.

Biology. Adults were found ovipositing on the upper surface of the leaves of a variety of broadleaf plants along an open forest trail at La Selva Research Station in Costa Rica (20.v.2011, H11-049, see Material Examined). Plant hosts included Piper multiplinervium C. DC. and Piper sancti-felicis Trel. ( Piperaceae ), Nephrolepis biserrata (Sw.) Schott (Nephrolepidaceae) , Nectandra membranaceae (Sw.) Griseb. (Lauraceae) , and Pentagonia monocaulis C.M. Taylor ( Rubiaceae ). Eggs were deposited in single meandering rows only on the upper surface of the leaves, usually with 8–15 eggs per row. Fresh eggs (white) were not found on the very newest leaves but instead only on the slightly older leaves. No plandia were recovered. Ants surveyed in the area using peanut butter baits included Ectatomma Smith , Pheidole , and Wasmannia, but no nests of the likely host, Pheidole , were found.

Distribution. Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Panama.

Material examined. Lectotype: PANAMA: Bugaba , 800–1500 ft . Champion [ BMNH type no. 5.370], designated by Heraty, 2002. Additional material examined: COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Est. Biol . Alberto Brenes San Ramon, 900m, 11.v.2013, Hanson et al. [1 ♀, MUCR: UCRCENT00479331 ]. Sect. San Ramon de Dos Rios , 620m, 10°52'54"N, 85°24'41"W, 20.ii–5.iii.1995, F.A. Quesada [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02138791, INBIOCRI02138870]. Sector San Ramon, 620m, 10°52'54"N, 85°24'41"W, 12–13.iii.1994, D. Garcia [5 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01750050, INBIOCRI01750081, INBIOCRI01750160, INBIOCRI01750204, INBIOCRI01750255]. Sector San Ramon, 620m, 10°52'54"N, 85°24'41"W, 13–28.iii.1994, K. Taylor [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01712743]. Soltis Center, canopy trail, 477m, 10°22'59"N, 84°37'05"W, 1.v.2016, Heraty, swp [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00439160 (D4708)]. Soltis Center, waterfall trail, 530m, 10°23'16"N, 84°37'38"W, 30.iv.2016, Heraty [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00439157 (D4705), UCRCENT00439158 (D4706)]. Cartago: Turrialba, 9°54'49"N, 83°40'59"W, ix.1953, N.L.H. Krauss [1 ♀, BPBM: UCRCENT00429462 ] . Turrialba, 13– 17.iii.1965, S.S. & W.D. Duckworth [1 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00247816]. Guanacaste: Est. Cacao, SW side Volcan Cacao, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 21.iii–21.iv.1989, GNP Biod. Sur. [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00092582 ] . Est. Cacao, SW side Volcan Cacao, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, ii–iii.1993, P. Rios [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01904679]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N. Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 10–17.vi.1992, C. Moraga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00819174 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 19.v–3.vi.1993, C. Moraga [4 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01341837 , INBIOCRI01341856, INBIOCRI01341861–62]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 21.iii–6.iv.1993, C. Moraga [8 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01390645 , INBIOCRI01390809, INBIOCRI01390811–12, INBIOCRI01390814–16, INBIO: INBIOCRI01391000 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 22.ix–14.x.1992, C. Moraga [4 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00846513–16 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 22.viii.1993, C. Moraga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01638521 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 31.iii–29.iv.1992, K. Taylor [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00376027 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 4–14.xi.1991, D. Garcia [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00500806 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 4– 25.xi.1991, C. Moraga [4 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00488828 , INBIOCRI00488855–56, INBIOCRI00489037]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 4–25.xi.1991, P. Rios [3 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00389594 , INBIOCRI00437483, INBIOCRI00437652]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, 6–28.i.1992, C. Moraga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00611051 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, i.1991, I Curso Microhym. [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00305679 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, ii.1990, P. Rios, C. Moraga & R. Blanco [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00172822 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia , P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, v.1991, P. Rios [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00651190 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, vii.1994, C. Moraga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02001610 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, vii.1994, P. Rios [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02049018 ]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, viii.1994, P. Rios [5 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI 02051893 , INBIOCRI 02051899, INBIOCRI 02051939, INBIOCRI 02051955, INBIOCRI 02051957]. Est. Pitilla, 9 km S Santa Cecilia, P.N . Guanacaste, 700m, 10°59'28"N, 85°25'39"W, xii.1993, P. Rios [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01939478 ] . Guanacaste N.P., Pitilla Biological Station , 10°59'31"N, 85°28'20"W, 1.ii.1995, L. Masner, screen sweep [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00312147 ] . P.N. Santa Rosa, Rio Calera , Est. Santa Rosa, 0–100m, 10°48'11"N, 85°40'27"W, 21.vii.2000, D. Briceno [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00479151 ] . Heredia: La Selva Biol. Sta., STR trail , 90m, 10°25'56.2"N, 84°02'24.7"W, 14.viii.2010, J. Heraty, rainforest trail, sweep [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00282691 (D2941)]. La Selva Biological Station , 65m, 10°25'52"N, 84°01'27"W, 20.v.2011, J. Heraty & E. Murray, H11-049, secondary forest, sweep/bait [6 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00412497 (D3931), UCRCENT00412498 (D3932), UCRCENT00446732–33 , UCRCENT00479123 , UCRCENT00479153 (D3933)]. La Selva Biological Station , SHO trail , 60m, 10°25'14"N, 84°00'11"W, 20–21.v.2011, J. Heraty & E. Murray, old growth forest, yellow pan trap [3 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00446730 , UCRCENT00479121–22 ]. Puntarenas: Las Cruces Biological Station , Ridge Trail, 1146m, 8°47'13"N, 82°58'02"W, 25–26.ix.2014, C. Weirauch, S. Leon, A. Knyshov, yellow pan trap [1 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00479152 (D4203)]. Monteverde, 1500m, 10°16'12"N, 84°49'12"W, 24–28.ii.1980, W.R.M. Mason, cloud forest [1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00425817]. P.N. Corcovado, Sector Los Patos, Send. Mirador, 100– 200m, 8°33'51"N, 83°30'37"W, 22.ii.2000, D. Rubí, Red de Golpe [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI03983123]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80m, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W, i.1992, G. Varela [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00518063]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80m, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W, v.1991, G. Varela [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01313520, INBIOCRI01313877]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80m, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W, v.1991, R. Zuñiga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01729942]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80m, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W, vii.1991, R. Zuñiga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI01804716]. P.N. Manuel Antonio, Quepos, 80m, 9°23'10"N, 84°07'51"W, xii.1991, G. Varela [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00528453]. R.B. Carara, Estac. Bijagual, 500m, 10°21'51"N, 84°12'25"W, x.1989, P. Hanson [4 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00413247 , UCRCENT00413249–51 ]. San José: Est. Bijagual , 600 m N de Bijagualito , 500m, 9°44'30"N, 84°32'34"W, vi.1995, J. C. Saborio [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02206028, INBIOCRI02206078]. Est. Bijagual, 600 m. N de Bijagualito, 500m, 9°44'30"N, 84°32'34"W, vii.1995, J. C. Saborio [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI02206972–73]. Est. Bijagual, Res. Biol. Carara, 500m, 9°44'44"N, 84°33'41"W, i.1990, R. Zuñiga [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00208060, INBIOCRI00208097]. Est. Bijagual, Res. Biol. Carara, 500m, 9°44'44"N, 84°33'41"W, xi.1989, R. Zuñiga [1 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00115228]. Est. Bijagual, Res. Biol. Carara, 500m, 9°44'44"N, 84°33'41"W, xii.1989, R. Zuñiga [2 ♀, INBIO: INBIOCRI00117169 , INBIOCRI00117406]. HONDURAS: Cortes: Parque Nacional Cusuco, 5 km N Buenos Aires , 15°29'00"N, 88°13'00"W, 15.viii.1995, R. Cave, oak / pine cloud forest, Malaise Trap [1 ♀, MZLU: UCRCENT00242599]. MEXICO: Chiapas: Las Casas, 2194m, 16°42'55"N, 92°35'34"W, 25.vi.1969, S. Crist, malaise trap [1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00240943 ] . 9 mi. SW Teopisca, 1524m, 16°30'31"N, 92°34'02"W, 23.v.1969 [1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00240945]. Lagunas de Montebello N.P., 1524m, 16°07'00"N, 91°43'00"W, 13.vi.1969, W.R.M. Mason [1♂, CNC: UCRCENT00240944 ] . San Cristobal de las Casas, 3353m, 16°44'15"N, 92°38'12"W, 5.viii.1962, H.E.M. [1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00247549 ] . San Cristobal de las Casas, 7500m, 16°44'15"N, 92°38'12"W, 29.iv.1959 [1♂ 7 ♀, FSCA: UCRCENT00241268–75 ] . Tenejapa Mpio., nr. paraje Yashanal, 1600m, 16°49'50"N, 92°27'09"W, 31.vii.1988, R. Jones, mountain forest [1 ♀, TAMU: UCRCENT00243225]. Oaxaca: 19 mi. S. San Miguel Suchixtepec, 17°04'01"N, 96°43'13"W, 17.vii.1985, J. Woolley & G. Zolnerowich [4 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00237486–89 ] . Veracruz: Atoyac, 17°12'08"N, 100°25'48"W, v.1904, Godmann-Salvin [1 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00239617 ] .

Figures

FIGURES 207–212. Orasema stramineipes. ♀: 207. Habitus. 208. Head. 209. Antenna, with F2 and F6–F7 inset. 210. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 211. Axillula.212 Stigma and postmarginal vein.

FIGURES 213–214. Orasema stramineipes. ♀: 213. Propodeum.214. Petiole.

FIGURES 147–152. Orasema nyamo. ♀: 147. Habitus. 148. Head.149. Antenna, with F2 plus pedicel, and F6–F7 inset. 150. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 151. Axillula. 152. Stigma and postmarginal vein (holotype).