Orasema freychei ( Gemignani, 1933 )

Burks, Roger A., Heraty, John M., Dominguez, Chrysalyn & Mottern, Jason L., 2018, Complex diversity in a mainly tropical group of ant parasitoids: Revision of the Orasema stramineipes species group (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eucharitidae), Zootaxa 4401 (1), pp. 1-107 : 47-50

Orasema freychei ( Gemignani, 1933)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: ( Figs 77–88 )

Parasemora freychei Gemignani, 1933: 492 –493. Type material: Argentina: Buenos Aires: San Blas, 30160 (1♂). Orasema aenea Gahan, 1940: 443 . syn. n. Type material: Loreto Exp. Sta., A. Ogloblin, Yerba mate (11 ♀). Orasema freychei . Heraty, 1994a: 5. Change of combination.

Diagnosis. Clypeus reticulate. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum areolate-reticulate. Axillula areolate-reticulate. Petiole in females shorter than hind coxa, with some areolate sculpture.

Orasema freychei is generally similar to other species with extensive reticulate sculpture, but differs from other reticulate species in having areolate-reticulate sculpture on most structures, including the petiole ( Fig. 84 ). Smallbodied specimens can resemble O. rapo , but O. freychei differs in having a reticulate clypeus ( Fig. 79 ).

Description. Female. Length 3.6–4.7 mm.

Color: Head and mesosoma blue green with reddish to yellowish luster dorsally. Pedicel brown dorsally, yellowish ventrally; anellus yellowish brown; flagellum brown. Coxae blue green with yellowish apices; femora yellow to mostly brown. Fore wing hyaline; venation pale brown, becoming yellowish apically. Petiole green with yellowish to reddish luster, except yellow at condyle; gaster yellow, with brownish areas anteriorly, ventrally, and at dorsal corners.

Head: Head width:head height 1.1–1.3; face reticulate; longitudinal groove between eye and torulus absent; eyes bare, inter-ocular distance:eye height 1.6–1.8; malar space:eye height 0.7–0.9; supraclypeal area longer than broad, smooth medially, with weak sculpture dorsally and laterally; clypeus weakly sculptured; flagellum length:head height 1.0–1.4; F2 2.3–3.0× as long as broad, 1.0–1.3× as long as F3; following funiculars subequal in width, progressively shorter.

Mesosoma: Mesosoma length:height 1.3–1.5. Mesoscutal midlobe rugose-reticulate, with minute setae; lateral lobe areolate-reticulate. Axilla rugose-reticulate medially, reticulate laterally; mesoscutellar disc areolatereticulate; frenal line regularly foveate; frenum areolate-reticulate; axillular groove anteriorly absent, broad and foveate posteriorly; axillula areolate-reticulate, losing reticulate sculpture ventrally. Propodeum with irregular, posteriorly incomplete median carina; propodeal disc rugose-areolate with underlying reticulate sculpture medially, rugose-reticulate laterally; callus reticulate, with a few small setae. Mesepisternum reticulate laterally, smooth ventrally, broadly rounded anterior to mid coxa. Upper mesepimeron reticulate dorsally, becoming smooth ventrally; lower mesepimeron reticulate, with some longitudinal carinae posteriorly; transepimeral sulcus distinct. Metepisternum laterally reticulate. Hind coxa 1.8–2.3× as long as broad, completely reticulate; hind femur 4.1– 5.2× as long as broad. Fore wing 2.4–2.8× as long as broad, 2.2–2.6× as long as mesothorax; stigma with 3 sensilla in a cluster. Hind wing costal cell with a broad bare area.

Metasoma: Petiole 1.1–1.8× as long as broad, 0.6–0.8× as long as hind coxa, rugose-areolate with underlying reticulate sculpture anteriorly, anterior carina strong. Antecostal sulcus irregularly sculptured; acrosternite posteriorly angulate.

Male. Length 2.2–3.0 mm. Head width:head height 1.2–1.3; scape pale brown; flagellum length:head height 1.2–1.5, F2 1.5–2.0× as long as broad, fore femur mostly brown, tips pale; fore tibia yellow; mid femur mostly dark brown basally, becoming yellow apically; mid tibia yellow; hind femur mostly brown, tips pale, hind tibia yellow. Petiole 4–6× as long as broad, petiole length:hind coxa length 1.4–1.9.

Biology. Orasema freychei (as O. aenea ) was reared from Solenopsis quinquecuspis Forel (Myrmicinae) ( Varone et al. 2010). However, we regard this record as suspicious since we cannot find the voucher and it was collected from a nest where Varone also collected O. xanthopus (Cameron) , which more typically parasitizes Solenopsis. Females of O. freychei oviposit on the underside of leaves of a variety of plants, including Ilex paraguariensis , Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth ( Bignoniaceae ) and Vaccinium corymbosum ( Nicolini 1950; Varone et al. 2010; Torréns 2013). Specimens collected by Parker and Oglobin (cited below) verify that it was O. freychei reported in Parker (1942) as ovipositing into leaves of Muehlenbeckia saggitifolia Meissn , ( Polygonaceae ) and I. paraguayensis (refering to a communication by A. Oglobin), and potentially Passiflora caerulea L.

( Passifloraceae ), Clematis sp. ( Ranunculaceae ), and Amphilophium carolinae (Lindl.) L.G. Lohmann (Bignoniaceae) . Records of collections on olive by Nicolini (1950) are difficult to verify without specimens. A species of Orasema was collected on olive in La Rioja Province ( Argentina), but this belongs to a different species group (Javier Torréns, pers. comm.). Parker (1942) [and on specimen label] reported O. freychei as a parasitoid of Camponotus Mayr , but this was an assumption that was not based on any observation.

Discussion. The holotype of O. freychei is a male, and is the one figured (as a female) by Gemignani (1933: figs 15, 16). No other specimen was found from Gemignani’s series, despite his mention of an allotype. Considering the mistaken labeling of his figures, it is possible that both of his specimens were males, if two existed. The holotype male is regarded to be a specimen of what has been more commonly known as Orasema aenea syn. n.

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay.

Material examined. Holotype: ARGENTINA: Buenos Aires: San Blas , 30160, 40°33'0"S 62°15'0"W [1 ♂, MACN: UCRCENT00483497 ] . Additional material examined: ARGENTINA: 6–14.iii.1940, H.W. Parker, swept [1 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00247945 ] . Buenos Aires: Balcarce , 37°50'47"S, 58°15'20"W, 25.ii.1949, J. Daguerre [8 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00247946 ] . Juan B. Daguerre [10 ♀, 2♂, USNM: UCRCENT00247947 , one pin mount]. Tigre , 34°25'30"S, 58°34'47"W [2 ♀, MACN: UCRCENT00242252 ] . Tigre , 34°25'30"S, 58°34'47"W, xi.1949, Viana [1 ♀, MACN: UCRCENT00242250 ]. Tigre, 8m , 34°25'30"S, 58°34'47"W, iii.1960, M.J. Viana [1 ♀, AMNH: UCRCENT00238131]. Chaco: Argentina Dep. Resistencia, 27°27'06"S, 58°59'11"W, x–xii.1935, J.B. Daguerre [1 ♀, MACN: UCRCENT00483447 ] . Cordoba: Alta Gracia , 31°39'16"S, 64°25'50"W, iii.1959, J. Daguerre [1 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00247944 ] . Calamuchita, El Sauce , 31°59'04"S, 64°34'18"W, iv.1958, Viana [6♂ 11 ♀, AMNH: UCRCENT00238132–41 , UCRCENT00238143–47 , UCRCENT00424168 , UCRCENT00424216 ] . Calamuchila, “ El Sauce ”, 32°03'55"S, 64°32'33"W, xii.1938, Manuel J. Viana [2♂ 8 ♀, MACN: UCRCENT00483449–50 , UCRCENT00483453–59 , UCRCENT00483461–63 ] . Oliva , 32°02'18"S, 63°34'14"W, iv.1941, V. Dolores Christens [2 ♀, MACN: UCRCENT00414643 ] . Entre Rios: Concordia, Estacion Palma Sola, 2.v.2007, Juan P. Bouvet, on Arándano [2 ♀, 1♂, UCRC: UCRCENT00169574–75 , UCRC: UCRCENT00169576 ]. Estación Yuquerí, Concordia, 44m , 31°22'59"S, 58°07'00"W, 19.iv.2007, L. Varone, on Vaccinium corymbosum [3 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00446761–62, UCRCENT00479664]. Concordia, Estación Yuquerí, Establecimiento Palma Sola, 31°22'22"S, 58°07'01"W, 16.iv.2007, Juan Pedro Bouvet, Arándano ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) [1♂, UCRC: UCRCENT00446764 ] . Jujuy: Caimancito , 23°43'56"S, 64°36'38"W, 20.iii.2003, Heraty, Munro, & Fidalgo [8♂ 3 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00161609 (D2513), UCRCENT00439092–94 , UCRC: UCRCENT00439100–102 , UCRCENT00439107–10 ]. Caimancito, RN 34, 414m , 23°38'40"S, 64°32'25"W, 15–16.iii.2007, J.&J. Heraty & J. Torréns, humid forest [3♂ 5 ♀, UCRC: UCRCENT00169653, UCRCENT00169655, UCRCENT00169657, UCRCENT00439095–99]. Caimencito (along RN 34), 423m, 23°40'12"S, 64°34'12"W, 22.iii.2003, J. Munro, swp [2♂, UCRC: UCRCENT00352399, UCRCENT00408461 (D3767)]. Caimancito, RN 34, 423m, 23°40'08"S, 64°34'08"W, 22.iii.2003, J. Heraty, humid forest [1♂, UCRC: UCRCENT00278283]. cerca de Salinas Grandes, 23°39'23"S, 65°47'34.7"W, 28.i.2011, J. Torréns & P. Fidalgo [1♂ 3 ♀, IFML: UCRCENT00439063 , UCRCENT00439065 ; MACN: UCRCENT00483451 , UCRCENT00483466 ] . Misiones: Est. Exp . Loreto, 28°18'13"S, 64°12'34"W, iii.1936, Dr. A. Ogloblin [1 ♀, MACN: UCRCENT00483448 ] . Concepcion, Santa Maria , 27°53'40"S, 55°21'20"W, 1948, M.J. Viana [1 ♀, MACN: UCRCENT00483446 ] . Loreto Exp. Sta., 27°19'57"S, 55°31'13"W, 1928, A. Ogloblin, Ex. Yerba mate, ovipositing in buds of Ilex paraguayensis [2 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00416780 , UCRdb00010116] . Loreto Exp. Sta., 27°19'57"S, 55°31'13"W, A. Ogloblin, Yerba mate [11 ♀, USNM type no. 53553 ( UCRCENT00416780 , UCRCENT00425500–509 )] . Salta: 24°46'59"S, 65°24'44"W, 14.ii.1951, Ross & Michelbacher [1 ♀, CASC: UCRCENT02174598 ] . Santa Fe: Reconquista , 29°08'42"S, 59°38'37"W, 7.vi.1941, H.L. Parker, eggs in leaves, par. of Camponotus [2♂ 13 ♀, USNM: UCRCENT00248475–89 ] . Santiago del Estero: Fernandez , 155m, 27°55'21"S, 63°53'38"W, i.1939, Bosq [1 ♀, AMNH: UCRCENT00424169 ] . BOLIVIA: Cochabamba, 17°22'57"S, 66°10'02"W, 9–12.iii.1968, C. Porter & A. Garcia [1 ♀, MCZ: UCRCENT00322661 ]. Comarapa, 1800m , 17°54'55"S, 64°31'54"W, 14.xii.1984, L. Pena [1♂ 5 ♀, EMUS: UCRCENT00251430–35]. BRAZIL: Mato Grosso: Rio Caraguatá , iii.1953, F. Plaumann [1 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00309884 ] . Pará: Jacareacanga , 6°13'31"S, 57°46'03"W, xii.1968, M. Alvarenga [8 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00309853 , UCRCENT00313946–52 ] . Paraná: Campina Grande nr. Curitiba , 25°18'14"S, 49°03'24"W, 13.ii.1966, H. & M. Townes [1 ♀, EMUS: UCRCENT00251421 ] . Campina Grande nr. Curitiba , 887m, 25°18'18"S, 49°03'15"W, 14.ii.1966, H. & M. Townes [8 ♀, EMUS: UCRCENT00251422–29 ] . Rio Grande do Sul: 29°32'04"S, 53°23'26"W, Stieglmayr [1 ♀, NHMW UCRCENT00412811 ] . Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia , 27°03'00"S, 52°24'00"W, 24.ii.1945, F. Plaumann [3 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00309852 , BMNH: UCRCENT00313944–45 ] . Nova Teutonia , 27°03'00"S, 52°24'00"W, 24.ii.1945, F. Plaumann [5 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00309883 , UCRCENT00309885–86 , UCRCENT00309918– 19 ]. Nova Teutonia, 300–500m , 27°11'00"S, 52°23'00"W, 17.iii.1967, Fritz Plaumann [1 ♀, CNC: UCRCENT00425844]. Nova Teutonia, 300–500m, 27°11'00"S, 52°23'00"W, 28.x.1945, F. Plaumann [1 ♀, BMNH: UCRCENT00309344]. URUGUAY: Colonia: Rocha, 2 km. SE. Castillos , R16, 41m, 34°13'02"S, 53°50'39"W, 4.ii.1989, C.W. & L. O’Brien & G. Wibmer [1 ♀, CASC: UCRCENT00417425 ] .

Figures

FIGURES 77–82. Orasema freychei. ♀: 77. Habitus, with axillula inset. 78. Habitus of dark color morph. 79. Head. 80. Antenna, with anellus and pedicel, and F6–F7inset. 81. Mesosoma, dorsal view. 82. Stigma and postmarginal vein.

FIGURES 83–88. Orasema freychei. ♀: 83. Propodeum. 84. Petiole. 85. Exserted portion of ovipositor stylets, dorsal and lateral views, vv = 1st (ventral) valvula, vovt = ovipositor teeth of ventral valvula.♂: 86. Head, lateral view.87. Antenna, with anellus and pedicel, and F6–F7 inset.88. Petiole.