Sinopoda guiyang Zhang, Yu & Zhong, 2023

Zhang, Jianshuang, Xing, Yuanqian, Yang, Jinghui, Yu, Hao & Zhong, Yang, 2023, Two new species of Sinopoda from China, with first description of the male of S. horizontalis Zhong, Cao & Liu, 2017 (Araneae, Sparassidae), ZooKeys 1159, pp. 133-155 : 133

Sinopoda guiyang Zhang, Yu & Zhong sp. nov.

Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 9

Type material.

Holotype ♂ (YHSPA001), China: Guizhou Province: Guiyang City: Xinpu Town, Xiangzhigou, Nanjing temple, 26.75°N, 106.93°E, c. 1092 m, by hand, 14.VI.2017, H. Yu et al. leg. Paratypes: 2♂3♀ (YHSPA002-006), same data as holotype.

Etymology.

The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; noun in apposition.

Diagnosis.

The males of new species resemble those of S. ovata Zhong, Jäger, Chen & Liu, 2019 and S. triangula Liu, Li & Jäger, 2008 in having a short vRTA with rough apex, and a long, finger-like dRTA (Fig. 1A, B, D ; Zhong et al. 2019: figs 43B, C, 44B, C; Liu et al. 2008: fig. 7B, C), but differ by: (1) subdistal embolus without triangular projection (vs. with a triangular projection) (cf. Figs 1A, D , 2A-C and Zhong et al. 2019: figs 43A, B, 44A, B and Liu et al. 2008: fig. 7A, B, D-F); (2) embolus whip-like or filiform, distinctly thin (vs. relatively thicker, distally wide) (cf. Figs 1A, D , 2A-C and Zhong et al. 2019: figs 43A, B, 44A, B and Liu et al. 2008: fig. 7A, B, D-F); (3) apex of vRTA with four ridges (vs. without ridges) (cf. Fig. 1D and Zhong et al. 2019: figs 43C, 44C and Liu et al. 2008: fig. 7C). Females also resemble those of S. ovata and S. triangula by the general shape of vulva but can be recognized by the thumb-like glandular appendages extend transversally (vs. finger-like and descend obliquely) (cf. Fig. 3C and Zhong et al. 2019: figs 43E, 45B and Liu et al. 2008: fig. 7H).

Description.

Male (YHSPA001). Total length 8.4. Prosoma 4.0 long, 3.4 wide, anterior width of prosoma 2.6. Opisthosoma 4.4 long, 2.6 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.18, ALE 0.26, PME 0.18, PLE 0.27, AME-AME 0.19, AME-ALE 0.09, PME-PME 0.24, PME-PLE 0.35, AME-PME 0.33, ALE-PLE 0.28, CHAME 0.21, CHALE 0.23. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 1021; Fe: I-III 323, IV 321; Pa: I-IV 101; Ti: I 2024, II-III 2126, IV 2226; Mt: I-II 2024, III-IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 6.3 (2.2, 1.3, 1.1, 1.7), I 15.5 (3.8, 1.9, 4.4, 4.0, 1.4), II 17.5 (4.8, 1.9, 4.7, 4.5, 1.6), III 14.1 (4.4, 1.5, 3.6, 3.3, 1.3), IV 15.4 (4.4, 1.7, 3.6, 4.1, 1.6). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth, and with ~ 35 denticles.

Colouration in ethanol (Fig. 2D, E ). Prosoma yellowish-brown, anteriorly and medially yellowish, lateral and posterior margin dark brown, with shallow fovea and radial furrows. Chelicerae light brown. Sternum yellowish-white, margin yellowish. Endites and labium uniformly yellowish-white. Legs dark yellowish-brown, covered by short spines. Opisthosoma oval, dorsum brown, marginally with two longitudinal and dark brown bands reaching posterior half, median part with four pairs of inconspicuous purplish dots; venter uniformly gray.

Palp (Figs 1 , 2A-C ). Cymbium distinctly longer than tibia. Embolus filiform, Ƨ-shaped in ventral view, arising at approximately the 8-9 o’clock position, terminating at c. 12 o’clock position. Conductor long, membranous, c. 2/3 of the tegulum length, originating at 12-1 o’clock position portion of tegulum. Tegulum oval, slightly bulged, medially with distinct and slightly curved spermophore, proximally covering embolic base. RTA arising mesially to distally from tibia, ventrally with distinct brush of stiff setae. dRTA slender, finger-shaped; vRTA round, apex with four ridges.

Female (YHSPA002). Total length 10.3. Prosoma 4.2 long, 3.6 wide, anterior width of prosoma 2.8. Opisthosoma 6.1 long, 4.6 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.17, ALE 0.24, PME 0.20, PLE 0.29, AME-AME 0.21, AME-ALE 0.10, PME-PME 0.27, PME-PLE 0.39, AME-PME 0.39, ALE-PLE 0.34, CHAME 0.23, CHALE 0.26. Spination: Palp: 131, 101, 2026, 1014; Fe: I-III 323, IV 321; Pa: I-IV 000; Ti: I-III 2026, IV 2126; Mt: I-II 1014, III 2026, IV 3036. Measurements of palp and legs: Palp 5.0 (1.5, 0.9, 1.0, 1.6), I 12.2 (3.3, 1.5, 3.0, 3.2, 1.2), II 12.7 (3.8, 1.8, 3.2, 2.8, 1.1), III 10.3 (3.0, 1.6, 2.7, 2.1, 0.9), IV 11.9 (3.5, 1.7, 2.9, 2.7, 1.1). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Cheliceral furrow with three anterior and four posterior teeth, and with ~ 42 denticles. Colouration in ethanol as in males, but generally slightly darker (Fig. 3D, E ).

Copulatory organ (Fig. 3A-C ). Epigynal field wider than long, with short and indistinct anterior bands, slit sensillum absent. Lobal septum wide, anterior part about 1/10 width of epigynal plate, gradually wider to the posterior. Lateral lobes fused, with small median incision and posterior margin slightly bilobed. Internal ducts running parallel along median line. Glandular appendages thumb-like, extend transversally. Posterior part of spermathecae balloon-shaped, relatively large, c. 1.6 times longer than wide; the two PP separated by about 0.8 width. Fertilization ducts acicular, membranous, located on dorsal-basal surface of spermathecae. Membranous sac between fertilization ducts, more or less triangular.

Distribution.

Known only from the type locality, Guiyang City, Guizhou, China (Fig. 9 ).

Comments.

Sinopoda guiyang sp. nov. possesses several characters associated with the Sinopoda globosa -group (currently comprises six species, see Zhang et al. 2021: 15, fig. 4) and resembles S. ovata and S. triangula (the core species of the Sinopoda globosa -group) for their characteristic genital organs (for a detailed diagnosis, see above), but can be distinguished from all members of the Sinopoda globosa -group by the absence of triangular projection in the embolus. Because the embolus of all S. globosa -group species has a subdistally triangular projection, there remains considerable uncertainty about placing this new species into the Sinopoda globosa -group.

Figures

Figure 1. Male palp of the holotype of Sinopoda guiyang sp. nov. A ventral view B dorsal view C prolateral view D retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; Cy = cymbium; dRTA = dorsal branch of RTA; E = embolus; EA = embolic apophysis; EB = embolic base; Sp = spermophor; St = subtegulum; T = tegulum; vRTA = ventral branch of RTA. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (equal for A-D).

Figure 2. Sinopoda guiyang sp. nov., male holotype, palpal bulb (A-C) and habitus (D, E) A prolateral view B ventral view C retrolateral view D dorsal view E ventral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; EA = embolic apophysis; EB = embolic base; Sp = spermophor; St = subtegulum; T = tegulum. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (equal for A-C); 2 mm (equal for D, E).

Figure 3. Sinopoda guiyang sp. nov., female paratype, epigyne (A-C) and habitus (D, E) A intact, ventral view B cleared and macerated, ventral view C cleared and macerated, dorsal view D dorsal view E ventral view. AB = anterior band; FD = fertilization duct; GA = glandular appendage; ID = internal duct; LL = lateral lobe; LS = lobal septum; MS = membranous sac; PP = posterior part of spermathecae. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (equal for A-C); 2 mm (equal for D, E).

Figure 9. Distribution records of the Sinopoda species treated in this paper: S. horizontalis Zhong, Cao & Liu, 2017 (orange circle: Fujian Province: Wuyishan City, Wuyishan National Nature Reserve), S. guiyang sp. nov. (blue circle: Guizhou Province, Guiyang City, Xinpu Town, Xiangzhigou), S. xishui sp. nov. (red circle: Guizhou Province, Zunyi City, Xishui National Nature Reserve).