Hastula duboisiana (d’Orbigny, 1852)

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard M., 2023, The auger snails (Gastropoda, Conoidea, Terebridae) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 5385 (1), pp. 1-70 : 10-14

Hastula duboisiana (d’Orbigny, 1852)

Figs 3B , 4A–G

Terebra plicatula Lam. — Dubois de Montpéreux 1831: 25, pl. 1, figs 43–44 [non Hastula plicatula ( Lamarck, 1803) ].

Terebra (nova. spec.) non plicatula Lam. — Pusch 1837: 187.

Terebra cinerea Bast. — Hauer 1837: 417 [non Hastula cinerea (von Born, 1778) ].

Terebra cinerea — Hörnes 1848: 17 [non Hastula cinerea (von Born, 1778) ].

Terebra plicatula (Lamk.) — Hörnes 1852: 129, pl. 11, fig. 25 [non Hastula plicatula ( Lamarck, 1803) ].

* Terebra Duboisiana ? d’Orb.—d’Orbigny 1852: 88 [pro Terebra plicatula Dubois de Montpéreux, 1831 , non Hastula plicatula ( Lamarck, 1803) ].

Terebra cinerea Bast. —Hörnes 1856: 667 [non Hastula cinerea (von Born, 1778) ].

T [erebra]. cineroides— Hoernes 1880: 246 [nomen nudum].

Terebra (Hastula) cinereides nov. form.— Hoernes & Auinger 1880: 109, pl. 12, figs 20 a–c.

[Terebra] Hastula subcinerea (d’Orb.) — Sacco 1891a: 50, pl. 2, fig. 42 [non Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) = Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

[Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. taurosemilaevis Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 42bis.

[ Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. pseudoFarinesi Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 43.

[ Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. subconoidales Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 44.

[Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. brevicauda Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 45.

[Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. scalarinula Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 46.

[Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. lateplicata Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 47.

[ Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. inflatulina Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 48.

[ Terebra] H [astula]. subcinerea var. rectilinearis Sacc. — Sacco 1891a: 51, pl. 2, fig. 49.

Terebra (Hastula) subcinerea d’Orb. — Friedberg 1911: 8, pl. 1, fig. 5 [non Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) = Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

Terebra subcinerea d’Orb. — Friedberg 1938: 158 [non Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) = Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

Hastula cinereides H. et A.— Glibert 1952a: 380, pl. 14, fig. 2.

Terebra (Hastula) striata cinereides H. et Au.— Strausz 1954: 36, pl. 2, fig. 43.

Terebra (Hastula) subcinerea Orb. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 92, figs 11a, 11b [non Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

H [astula]. (H [astula].) striata cinereides (R. Hörn, et Au.)— Sieber 1958: 162.

Hastula striata cinereides Hoernes et Auinger, 1880 — Glibert 1960: 108.

Terebra (Hastula) subcinerea cinereides Hörnes & Auinger — Strausz 1966: 396, pl. 5, fig. 18.

Hastula (Hastula) striata cinereides (Hörnes & Auinger) — Tejkal et al. 1967: 209.

Terebra (Hastula) cinereides Hoernes et Auinger — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 34, pl. 18, fig. 12.

Hastula cinereides (Hoernes et Auinger) 1879 — Bohn-Havas 1973: 1125.

Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny) — Davoli 1977: 147, pl. 1, figs 1–3, 8–10, 15 [non Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) = Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

Terebra (Hastula) striata subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Atanacković 1985: 184, pl. 41, figs 9–10 [non Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) = Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

Hastula cinereides ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1880) — Bałuk 1997: 66, pl. 25, figs 8–9.

Hastula cinereides (Hörnes & Auinger, 1880) —Harzhauser 2002: 115, pl. 10, fig. 8.

Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) — Davoli 2003: 455, pl. 3, figs 1–2 [non Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) = Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

Hastula subcinerea cinerea [sic] Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 — Ramazotti 2017: 19 [non Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) = Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) ].

Type material. Holotype, Szuszkowce ( Ukraine), illustrated by Dubois de Montpéreux 1831, pl. 1, figs 43–44. The type material is lost. According to Mayer (1856: 96) parts of the collection of Dubois de Montpéreux went to Zurich, but the material could not be found.

Lectotype (designated herein) of Terebra (Hastula) cinereides Hoernes & Auinger, 1880 , NHMW 1864/0001/0136, SL: 12.9 mm, MD: 3.4 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1880: pl. 12, fig. 20), Figs 4A 1 –A 2 . Paralectotype: NHMW 1864/0001/0136a, SL: 15.9 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 4B 1 –B 2 .

Illustrated material. NHMW 1854 /0035/0117, SL: 34.3 mm, MD: 7.7 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 4C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 1968 /0001/0417, SL: 32.4 mm, MD: 6.4 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 4D 1 –D 2 . NHMW 1870 /0033/0051, SL: 40.0 mm, MD: 7.2 mm, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania), Figs 4E 1 –E 2 . NHMW 2018 /0248/0253, SL: 45.7 mm, MD: 8.3 mm, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania), Fig. 4F . NHMW 2023 /0293/0002, SL: 43.5 mm, MD: 7.1 mm, Baden ( Austria), Figs 4G 1 –G 2 . NHMW 2023 /0295/0001, SL: 16.9 mm, MD: 4.1 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Fig. 3B .

Additional material. 6 spec., NHMW 1851 /0002/0016, Grund ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1860 /0004/0095, Laa ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1869 /0003/0061, Kalladorf ( Austria) ; 73 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/1087, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 21 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/1086, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 21 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/1088, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 21 spec., NHMW 2010 /0004/1085, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 72 spec., NHMW 1997 z0178/1204, Bad Vöslau ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2013 /0300/0404, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2013 /0078/0420, Baden ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1970 /1396/1283, Gainfarn ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1860 /0001/0142, Steinebrunn ( Austria) ; 3 spec., NHMW 1851 /0013/0093, Enzesfeld ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 2013 /0300/0405, Baden-Sooss ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1864 /0001/0149, Möllersdorf ( Austria) ; 25 spec., NHMW 1846 /0037/0127, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1859 /0045/0066, Niederkreuzstetten ( Austria) ; 1 spec., NHMW 1863 /0015/0428, Forchtenau ( Austria) ; 2 spec., NHMW 1973 /1615/0003, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 10 spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0953, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 12 spec., NHMW 2016 /0177/0954, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ; 24 spec., NHMW 1873 /0026/0006, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Revised description. Medium sized, slender to very slender, weakly cyrtoconoid shell of up to 13 teleoconch whorls; apical angle initially ~20°; decreasing to 8–10° on late teleoconch whorls. Protoconch high conical, of 2.5 weakly convex whorls. Early teleoconch whorls conical with indistinct suture and weak, widely spaced, opisthocline axial ribs. Axial sculpture fading abapically, typically within third to fifth whorl, but variable. Axial ribs more prominent along weak subsutural swelling, fading out below. Later whorls subcylindrical, smooth except for weak axial folds below suture placed over vague subsutural band, causing weakly concave whorl profile below on middle part of whorl in some specimens. Later whorls usually flat sided to faintly convex. Last whorl moderately high, 30–35% of total height. Base slowly contracting. Fasciole broad, low, relatively smooth, delimited adapically by narrow carina. Aperture narrow, elongate. Columella twisted, weakly to moderately excavated in adapical half. No columellar fold. Columellar callus thin, indistinct, not delimited from base. Anterior canal narrowly incised. Outer lip thin. Basal lip wide, convex. Siphonal canal wide, short.

Paratethyan synonyms. Hoernes & Auinger (1880) described this species as Terebra (Hastula) cinereides to separate the Middle Miocene Paratethyan shells from the Early Miocene shells from France known at that time as Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) . Hoernes & Auinger (1880), however, had overlooked that this species was already discussed by Dubois de Montpéreux (1831) as Terebra plicatula Lamarck, 1803 , which is an Eocene species from France. D’Orbigny (1852) correctly doubted this identification and introduced Terebra duboisiana as new name for the Paratethyan specimen illustrated by Dubois de Montpéreux (1831). Unfortunately, Hoernes & Auinger (1880) illustrated only a juvenile specimen, which differs from typical fully-grown shells in its wider shell and more prominent axial sculpture ( Fig. 4B ).

Discussion. Hastula duboisiana has been confused with Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852) , syntype, MNHN.F.B27640, Figs 5A 1 –A 2 , Burdigalian (Early Miocene), region of Bordeaux ( France) [= Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845) , although, Hastula subcinerea was used by many authors, already Grateloup (1845) provided two names for this species of which Terebra cinerea undulata was preoccupied by a name used by Gray (1834), whereas Terebra cinerea sublaevigata is an available name ( Pacaud 2021); note that we have not checked if article 23.9.1 of ICZN (1999) applies here according to which the senior synonym— Terebra sublaevigata —must not have been used as valid name after 1899 and the junior synonym— Terebra subcinerea —must have been used in at least 25 works published in the immediately preceding 50 years within a span of not less than10 years].

Hastula sublaevigata differs from Hastula duboisiana mainly in its slenderer conical spire whereas the spire is slightly cyrtoconoid with more subcylindrical whorls in H. duboisiana . Moreover, the axial sculpture may persist down to the last whorls in H. sublaevigata . For illustrations of H. sublaevigata see also de Basterot (1825: pl. 3, fig. 14), Grateloup (1845: pl. 35, figs 25a–e), Peyrot (1931: pl. 10, figs 16–19, 33) and Lozouet et al. (2001: pl. 31, fig. 10).

The extant Atlantic Hastula cinerea (von Born, 1778) differs in having a larger, acute conical shell, and more prominent and more numerous axial ribs (e.g., Da Luz et al. 2023).

Paleoenvironment. The frequent occurrence in the middle Badenian Baden Formation in the Vienna Basin suggests middle to outer neritic water depths ( Kranner et al. 2021). Nevertheless, the species is also documented from coastal marine settings with silty sand (e.g., Niederkreuzstetten, Steinebrunn, Gainfarn), which partly indicate seagrass cover ( Harzhauser et al. 2002; Zuschin et al. 2007). The deeper water habitat is in contrast to the requirements of the living Hastula cinerea (von Born, 1778) , which inhabits sandy beaches ( Molina et al. 2013; Da Luz et al. 2023).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Karpatian (Early Miocene): Korneuburg Basin: Karnabrunn, Niederkreuzstetten, Stetten ( Austria) ( Hörnes 1852; Harzhauser 2002); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Laa ( Austria) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Hevlin ( Czech Republic) ( Tejkal et al. 1967). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1997); Polish-Ukrainian Fore-Carpathian Basin: Zalistsi, Żukowce (Zhukivtsi) ( Ukraine) ( Friedberg 1911, 1938); North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Kalladorf, Grund ( Austria) (hoc opus), Hrušovany nad Jevišovkou ( Czech Republic) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1880); Vienna Basin: Baden, Bad Vöslau, Gainfarn, Enzesfeld, Möllersdorf, Steinebrunn, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria) ( Hörnes 1852; Hoernes & Auinger 1880), Mikulov ( Czech Republic) ( Hörnes 1852); Eisenstadt Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria); Pannonian Basin: Pécsszabolcs, Ofalu, Várpalota, Szob, Letkés ( Hungary) ( Bohn-Havas 1973); southern Pannonian Basin: Hrvaćani ( Bosnia and Herzegovina) ( Atanacković 1985); Bükk Mountains: Bóta ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) (hoc opus).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Baldissero ( Italy) ( Sacco 1891a). Langhian (Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Sciolze ( Italy) ( Sacco 1891a). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Stazzano ( Italy) ( Davoli 1977). Messinian (Late Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Borelli ( Italy) ( Davoli 2003). Pliocene: Asti ( Italy) (hoc opus).

The occurrence from the Miocene of the Canary Islands, mentioned by Betancort Lozano (2012: 370) will need confirmation.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Measurements for shell morphology, spire profiles and types of siphonal canals; AA: apical angle, MD: maxium diameter.

FIGURE 2. Fusoterebra terebrina (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840). A1–A2. NHMW 1997z/0178/1787, Walbersdorf (Austria). B1–B2. NHMW 1997z/0178/1787, Walbersdorf (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 1997z/0178/1787, Walbersdorf (Austria). D1–D2. NHMW 1846/0037/0121, Baden (Austria), lectotype of Terebra fusiformis Hörnes 1852.F. NHMW 1866/0001/1055, Forchtenau (Austria), holotype of Terebra bigranulata Hoernes & Auinger, 1880. E1–E2. NHMW 2023/0292/0001, Baden Sooss (Austria).

FIGURE 3. Protoconchs of Paratethyan Terebridae. A. Fusoterebra terebrina (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840), NHMW 2023/0294/0001, Baden (Austria). B. Hastula duboisiana (d’Orbigny, 1852), NHMW 2023/0295/0001, Bad Vöslau (Austria). C. Hastula lapugyensis (Hoernes & Auinger, 1880), NHMW 2023/0296/0001, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). D. Hastula translata (Sacco, 1891), holotype, NHMW 2023/0301/0001, Pöls (Austria). E. Strioterebrum borianum (Švagrovský, 1982), NHMW 2023/0298/0003, Gainfarn (Austria). F. Hastulopsis excostellata (Sacco, 1891), NHMW 2023/0295/0005, Bad Vöslau (Austria).

FIGURE 4. Hastula duboisiana (d’Orbigny, 1852). A1–A2. Lectotype, NHMW 1864/0001/0136, Bad Vöslau (Austria). B1–B2. Paralectotype, NHMW 1864/0001/0136a, Bad Vöslau (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 1854/0035/0117, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). D1–D2. NHMW 1968/0001/0417, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). E1–E2. NHMW 1870/0033/0051, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). F. NHMW 2018/0248/0253, CoŞteiu de Sus (Romania). G1–G2. NHMW 2023/0293/0002, Baden (Austria).

FIGURE 5. Hastula sublaevigata (Grateloup, 1845). A1–A2. syntype of Hastula subcinerea (d’Orbigny, 1852), MNHN. F.B27640, Burdigalian (Early Miocene), region of Bordeaux (France).