Paraharmotrema Dutton & Bullard, 2022

Dutton, Haley R., DuPreez, Louis H., Urabe, Misako & Bullard, Stephen A., 2022, Paraharmotrema karinganiense n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Liolopidae) infecting the intestine of serrated hinged terrapin (Pelusios sinuatus), east African black mud turtle (Pelusios subniger), and South African helmeted turtle (Pelomedusa galeata) and a phylogenetic hypothesis for liolopid genera, International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 17, pp. 43-52 : 46

3.1. Paraharmotrema Dutton & Bullard

3.1.1. Generic diagnosis

Body of adult extremely elongate, linguliform, approximately 6–9 × longer than wide, having tegumental spines/scales. Oral sucker slightly smaller than ventral sucker, ventral, subterminal, lacking unique spines/ scales. Ventral sucker minute, weakly muscular, in anterior 1/7 1/8 of body, inter-caecal, not spanning inter-caecal space. Intestine comprising paired caeca extending sinuously posteriad approximately in parallel with lateral body margin and nearly reaching posterior body extremity, lacking diverticula and lateral out-pocketings, bowing laterad at level of testes. Gonads inter-caecal, in posterior half of body, posterior to male and female terminal genitalia. Testes deeply lobed, transverse (markedly wider than long), tandem, medial, closely flanked by caeca, delimiting male and female proximal genitalia, in posterior half of body. Cirrus sac massive (spanning breadth of inter-caecal space), transverse or oblique, between ventral sucker and anterior testis, containing bipartite seminal vesicle, pars prostatica, and spined eversible cirrus. Common genital pore sinistral, ventral to sinistral caeca, post-acetabular, pre-testicular. Ovary lobed, dextral, inter-testicular, inter-caecal, nearest posterior testis. Vitellarium co-distributing with caeca from posterior to level of ventral sucker posteriad to posterior body end, not extending anteriad to level of intestinal bifurcation, not extending mediad far beyond excretory ducts. Uterus extremely elongate, sinuous, lateral to anterior testis (not ventral to anterior testis), containing many operculate eggs. Excretory system comprising lasso configuration dextrally and sinistrally (excretory system having a pair of ducts, each having an anterior cyclocoel-like portion and a posteriorly-directed collecting duct); excretory pore dorsal (subterminal). Intestinal parasites of turtles.