Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 86. 1914.

O'Donnell, Shawn A., Ringelberg, Jens J. & Lewis, Gwilym P., 2022, Re-circumscription of the mimosoid genus Entada including new combinations for all species of the phylogenetically nested Elephantorrhiza (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade), PhytoKeys 205, pp. 99-145 : 99

Entada phaseoloides (L.) Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 9: 86. 1914.

= Entada gandu Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult. 8: 274. 1824.

= Entada parrana Spreng., Syst. Veg. 2: 325. 1825.

= Entada adenanthera DC., Mém. Légum.: 422. 1826.

= Entada scandens (L.) Benth., J. Bot. (Hooker) 4: 332. 1841.

= Entada rumphii Scheff., Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.- Indië 32: 412. 1871.

= Entada scandens var. aequilatera Domin, Biblioth. Bot. 22(89): 247. 1926.

Type.

INDONESIA. Maluku, Amboina, illustration of Faba marina major in Rumphius Herb. Amb. 5: 5-8, tab. 4. 1747 .

Basionym.

Lens phaseoloides L., Herb. Amboin. (Linn.) 18. 1754.

Description.

Liana to 40 m long, stems often flattened and spirally twisted, with pit nectaries at nodes. Leaves: petiole 1.5-3.5 cm long, rachis 4.3-7.7 cm long, terminating in a bifurcating tendril; pinnae 1-2 pairs per leaf, 6-20 cm long, each pinna with 1-2(-3) pairs of leaflets; leaflets opposite, coriaceous, elliptic or narrowly obovate, sometimes asymmetrical about the mid-vein, 4.5-10 × 1.8-6.3 cm and increasing in size distally, apex acute to acuminate, retuse, base obtuse, mid-rib and margins puberulous (Fig. 18A ). Inflorescence: a spike, 11.5-30 cm long, axillary, solitary or fascicled on short shoots, puberulous (Fig. 18B ). Flowers: sessile to sub-sessile, staminate or bisexual, mildly fragrant; calyx cupular, glabrous, 0.8-1.2 mm long; petals green with base reddish; stamen filaments 4-6.5 mm long, white turning yellow; ovary slender, glabrous (Fig. 18C ). Fruit: a gigantic, torulose craspedium, 100-135(-200) × 7-15 cm, straight to slightly curved, with transverse septa between seeds dividing the fruit into one-seeded segments which, upon ripening, fall from the persistent replum; segments 6.5-7.5 cm long; epicarp woody, endocarp chartaceous; 9-16-seeded (Fig. 18D ). Seeds: subcircular, laterally compressed, but convex with an angular margin, 3.5-5.5 × 3.3-4.5 × 1-1.5 cm, hard, reddish-brown, pleurogram lacking; an air-filled cavity between the cotyledons.

Distribution.

Subtropical Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Taiwan (south), throughout Malesia, Australia (east coast of northern Queensland), Micronesia, southwest Pacific.

Habitat and ecology.

A wide variety of habitats from back-mangrove and lowland freshwater swamp, riparian vegetation and lowland rainforest up to montane forest, 0-1700 m alt.

Figures

Figure 18. Entada phaseoloides vegetative and reproductive structures. A leaf with rachis terminating in a bifurcating tendril, Guam (photo: Pacific Island Network (PACN), US National Park Service (NPS) CC BY-NC 4.0, Ueda (2021) observation 34434359) B shoot bearing leaves and axillary flower spikes, Australia (photo: photographer unknown, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), 1998) C open, sessile flowers, Hong Kong (photo: C Chiu, all rights reserved, Chiu (2021)) D nearly mature pod, Australia (photo: B Gray, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), 1979).