Hoehnea grandiflora Funez & Hassemer, 2018

Funez, Luís Adriano & Hassemer, Gustavo, 2018, Hoehnea grandiflora (Lamiaceae), a rare, critically endangered new species from southern Brazil, Phytotaxa 349 (2), pp. 159-166 : 160-164

Hoehnea grandiflora Funez & Hassemer , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–3 )

Diagnosis: — Hoehnea grandiflora differs from Hoehnea scutellarioides by calyx lobes to 1 mm long vs. 2–4 mm long; upper lip 9–13 mm vs. 5–7.1 mm; style 23 mm long vs. 11–15 mm long. Leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 3–14 × 0.6–1.2 mm, margin entire, base cuneate vs. ovate, 16‒25 × 6–10 mm, margin crenate, base cordate.

Type: — BRAZIL. SANTA CATARINA: Rancho Queimado: Morro da Boa Vista, próximo ao posto da polícia rodoviária federal, 10 February 2016, L. A. Funez & G. Hassemer 5267 (holotype FURB-51113!).

Description: —Herbs, erect stem, scandent 0.6–1 m tall, few branched; stems quadrangular in cross section, with some glandular punctations, pilose only on ridges, with multicellular antrorse trichomes. Leaves opposite, blades linear-lanceolate, 3–14 × 0.6–1.2 mm, apex rounded, obtuse, margin entire, base cuneate, upper surface covered with dense short appressed hairs, antrorse, lower surface pubescent with appressed hairs, mostly on the nerves, and brown spherical glands; petioles 0.5 mm long. Flowers solitary axillary; 2 per node, subtended by gradually diminished leaves; pedicel 2–13 mm long, rounded in cross-section, 2–3 mm long, with multicellular antrorse trichomes. Calyx 5-lobed, green or with purplish coloration on the ridges, tube 4.2–5 × 1.1–1.2 mm, densely covered with appressed antrorse hairs, mostly on the nerves, and dense brown spherical glands between the nerves; posterior lip 0.7–0.8 mm long, 7-veined, 3-toothed, the middle tooth equalling the laterals; anterior lip 1 mm long, apex acute 6-veined. Corolla lilac, tube 17–18 mm long, straight, diameter of basal portion 0.8–1 mm, diameter of upper portion 7–8 mm; posterior lip 5.7–6 × 5.5–6 mm, externally hirsute, with brown spherical glands, internally glabrous, anterior lip 9–13 × 12 mm, trilobate apex, the central lobe 3 mm longer than lateral lobes, extended. Stamens 2, included in the posterior lip, filament and connective 9–11 mm long; thecae diverging, 3 mm long. Nectary annular, 0.5 mm long, shorter than the mericarps; style bilobate, 22–23 mm long, glabrous, posterior branch at least three times longer than the anterior branch, the anterior branch short and laterally flattened. Immature mericarps ovoid, 0.3 mm long, smooth, brown.

Etymology: —The epithet is a reference to the large size of the flowers.

Distribution and habitat: — Hoehnea grandiflora is only known for the type locality, a high-elevation bog comprising an area less than 1000 m 2 in Morro da Boa Vista, Rancho Queimado municipality, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil (Fig. 4). This species occurs in open, flooded vegetation at elevation of ca. 800–900 elevation ( Fig. 5 ).

Conservation status: —Critically endangered (CR-B1,2:a,b[iii,v]). The habitat of Hoehnea grandiflora is very fragile and susceptible to human disturbances ( Ministério do Meio Ambiente 2002, Overbeck et al. 2007, Boldrini 2009, Iganci et al. 2011, Hassemer et al. 2015), is located in an environmentally unprotected area, and is close to a main road (BR-282). Furthermore, the new species is known from only one population and this evidence should be used to assess its conservation status, instead of simply listing it as Data Deficient (see Roberts et al. 2016).

Notes: —The new species is slightly similar to Hoehnea scutellarioides ( Bentham 1834: 410–411) Epling in Epling & Stewart (1939: 9) by occupying the same environment type (i.e. high-elevation bogs) and by its corolla tube longer than 17 mm long. However, these two species differ in important characters (see Table 1): in H. scutellarioides , the floral node have 2–6 flowers vs. only two flowers in H. grandiflora ; calyx lobes are 2–4 mm long in H. scutellarioides vs. to 1 mm long in H. grandiflora ; the posterior lip is longer in H. grandiflora : 9–13 mm vs. 5–7.1 mm in H. scutellarioides ; the style of H. grandiflora is 23 mm long, while in H. scutellarioides it is 11–15 mm long. Furthermore, the shape and size of leaf blades is a good feature to separate these two species: linear-lanceolate, 3–14 × 0.6–1.2 mm, margin entire, base cuneate in H. grandiflora vs. ovate, 12.3 ‒ 25 × 6–12 mm, margin crenate, base cordate in H. scutellarioides .

Identification key to the five species in the genus Hoehnea

1. Corolla tube 14–18 mm long..............................................................................................................................................................2

- Corolla tube up to 12 mm long...........................................................................................................................................................3

2. Leaf blades linear-lanceolate, 3–14 × 0.6–1.2 mm, margin entire, base cuneate.......................... H. grandiflora Funez & Hassemer

- Leaf blades ovate, 16 ‒ 25 × 6–10 mm, margin crenate, base cordate............................................ H. scutellarioides (Benth.) Epling

3. Corolla tube 8–12 mm long. Leaf blades sparsely pilose on both faces .......................... H. epilobioides (Epling) Epling & Stewart

- Corolla tube 4.5–8 mm. Leaf blades glabrous or pilose only on main veins.....................................................................................4

4. Leaf blades deltoid-ovate, pilose on both faces only on main vein.......................................................... H. parvula (Epling) Epling

- Leaf blades ovate, glabrous on both faces, with only glandular punctations....................................... H. minima (J.Schmidt) Epling

Figures

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Hoehnea grandiflora (L.A. Funez & G. Hassemer 5267, FURB-51113).

FIGURE 2. Illustrations of Hoehnea grandiflora. A. Habit. B. Apex of stems. C. Detail of stem indumenta. D. Leaf blade. E. Detail of leaf blade indumenta. F. Flower in frontal view. G. Flower in lateral view. H. Dissected calyx. I. Petal venation. J. Stamens. K. Ovary and nectary. L. Apex of style. From L.A. Funez & G. Hassemer 5267; line drawings by Lucas Cardoso Marinho.

FIGURE 3. Field photographs of Hoehnea grandiflora. A. Flower in lateral view. B. Flower in frontal view. C. Stem and a leaf blade.

FIGURE 5. Overview of the type locality of Hoehnea grandiflora, in Morro da Boa Vista, Rancho Queimado municipality, Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil.