Trichadenotecnum, Enderlein, 1909
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00398.x |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E7087BE-FFB7-BB38-FEBA-FF436D0DF89F |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Trichadenotecnum |
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KEY TO THE NEW WORLD SPECIES GROUPS OF TRICHADENOTECNUM View in CoL
Males: (The spiniserrulum group is not keyed here because the only New World species of this group, T. pardus , is considered to be parthenogenetic and thus the male is unknown.)
1. Rs fork obtuse ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 ); clunium with postero-lateral process (clunial arm: Fig. 6A View Figure 6 )......................................3
– Rs fork acute ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ); clunium without postero-lateral process ( Fig. 2A, E View Figure 2 ) ................................................ 2
2. Forewing extensively covered with small spots ( Fig. 1D–F View Figure 1 ); hypandrium with well-developed movable median tongue ( Fig. 3C, G, I View Figure 3 ) ..................................................................................................... roesleri View in CoL group
– Forewing not extensively covered with small spots ( Fig. 1A–C View Figure 1 ); hypandrium without median tongue ( Fig. 2C, G View Figure 2 )........................................................................................................................ circularoides View in CoL group
3. Hypandrium with movable median tongue ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 )...............................................................................4
– Median tongue fused with hypandrium................................................................. majus View in CoL group ( T. majus View in CoL )
4. Hypandrial median tongue well sclerotized ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ).............................................................................. 5
– Hypandrial median tongue membranous ( Fig. 38C View Figure 38 ) ........................................................... slossonae View in CoL group
5. Hypandrial median tongue long, much longer than basal width ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 )...................................................6
– Hypandrial median tongue short, length almost equal to width ( Fig. 43C View Figure 43 ).................................. decui View in CoL group
6. 8th sternum fused to hypandrium medially ( Fig. 21C View Figure 21 )............................................................................9
– 8th sternum separated from hypandrium ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ).................................................................................7
7. Hypandrium asymmetrical ( Figs 6C View Figure 6 , 19C View Figure 19 ) ............................................................................................ 8
– Hypandrium symmetrical.................................................................... alexanderae View in CoL group ( T. alexanderae View in CoL )
8. Dorsal surface of hypandrial median tongue with keel medially ( Fig. 18A View Figure 18 )............... chiapense View in CoL group (in part)
– Dorsal surface of hypandrial median tongue without keel ( Fig. 6A View Figure 6 ) .................................... desolatum View in CoL group
9. Hypandrium asymmetrical ( Fig. 21C View Figure 21 ).................................................................................................10
– Hypandrium symmetrical ( Fig. 32C View Figure 32 )............................................................................. concinnum View in CoL group
10. Hypandrial posterior processes widely separated apically ( Fig. 37C View Figure 37 ) ........................................................ 11
– Hypandrial posterior processes crossing or closely associated apically ( Fig. 21C View Figure 21 ) ................... quaesitum View in CoL group
11. Hypandrial median tongue broadened apically ( Fig. 18C View Figure 18 ) ...................................... chiapense View in CoL group (in part)
– Hypandrial median tongue tapered apically ( Fig. 37C, G View Figure 37 )............................................... aconcinnum View in CoL group
Females: (Some of the species groups proposed below, such as quaesitum and concinnum , are defined only on male genital apomorphies and are difficult to distinguish on female characters. When males are available, together with females, refer to the male key above. For observation of some key characters, dissection of specimens is required. Females are unknown for the aconcinnum group, which are expected to fall into couplet 9 based on the following key.)
1. Ventral valve of gonapophyses long, apex far exceeding posterior margin of external valve ( Fig. 7B View Figure 7 ) .............. 4 – Ventral valve of gonapophyses short, apex not exceeding posterior margin of external valve ( Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ).............2 2. Forewing extensively covered with small spots ( Fig. 1D–F View Figure 1 )......................................................................3 – Forewing not extensively covered with small spots ( Fig. 1A–C View Figure 1 ) ........................................ circularoides group 3. Forewing Rs fork acute ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ).......................................................................................... roesleri group – Forewing Rs fork obtuse (as in Fig. 5 View Figure 5 )....................................................... spiniserrulum group ( T. pardus ) 4. Forewing extensively covered with small spots ( Figs 5 View Figure 5 , 17F–L View Figure 17 ) ................................................................ 5 – Forewing not extensively covered with small spots ( Fig. 17A–D View Figure 17 )...............................................................7 5. Egg guide of subgenital plate gradually narrowing to rounded or almost straight distal margin ( Fig. 7A View Figure 7 )........6 – Egg guide of subgenital plate broadened distally ( Fig. 24A View Figure 24 ) ........ quaesitum group (in part) & concinnum group 6. Anterior margin of subgenital plate with broad membranous region medially (e.g. Fig. 20A View Figure 20 )........................... ............................................................................................................................. alexanderae group – Anterior margin of subgenital plate with narrow membranous region medially ( Fig. 7A View Figure 7 ).......... desolatum group 7. Egg guide of subgenital plate broadened distally ( Fig. 24A View Figure 24 ).....................................................................8 – Egg guide of subgenital plate almost parallel sided or gradually narrowing to distal margin ( Fig. 20A View Figure 20 ).........10 8. Egg guide of subgenital plate with sclerotized portion dorsally ( Figs 39A View Figure 39 , 45A View Figure 45 )...........................................9 – Egg guide of subgenital plate without sclerotized portion dorsally ( Fig. 24A View Figure 24 ) ........... quaesitum group (in part) 9. Internal plate triangular in shape, with rounded or somewhat pointed posterior margin ( Fig. 45C View Figure 45 ).................. .......................................................................................................................... decui group (in part) – Internal plate with square-shaped posterior extension ( Fig. 39C View Figure 39 )........................................... slossonae group 10. Egg guide strongly narrowing distally ( Fig. 20A View Figure 20 )..................................................................................11 – Egg guide almost parallel sided.................................................................. decui group (in part, T. decui ) 11. Egg guide without sclerotized portion dorsally ................................................................. chiapense group – Egg guide with sclerotized portion dorsally ............................................................. majus group ( T. majus ) Key to species of the circularoides group
1. Forewing discoidal cell with distinct spots ( Fig. 1A, B View Figure 1 ); epiproct lobe bilobed (for T. gonzalezi View in CoL : Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ).............2
– Forewing discoidal cell without distinct spots except for faint markings along veins ( Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ); epiproct lobe not bilobed ( Fig. 1F View Figure 1 ) ................................................................................................... T. peruense sp. nov.
2. Posterior margin of subgenital plate flattened; anterior arms of subgenital plate separated by narrow membranous region ................................................................................................................ T. gonzalezi (Williner)
– Posterior margin of subgenital plate slightly hollowed medially; anterior arms of subgenital plate broadly separated by membranous region...................................................................................... T. circularoides Badonnel group, based on the short ventral valve of the gonapophyses, results from molecular analyses showed that the species should be excluded from the spiniserrulum group and constitute its own species group (Yoshizawa, 2004). The present morphology-based phylogenetic analysis with bisexual T. gonzalezi and T. peruense , which are apparently closely related to T. circularoides , corroborates the result from the molecular phylogenetic analyses. In particular, the lack of the clunial arm and the opposing spots in cell r in the circularoides group are important plesiomorphic character states that exclude T. circularoides and relatives from the spiniserrulum group, although the latter state was considered to be a reversal by Yoshizawa (2001).
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