Eupholidoptera forcipata Willemse & Kruseman, 1976

Willemse, Luc, Tilmans, Jos, Kotitsa, Nefeli, Trichas, Apostolos, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Chobanov, Dragan & Ode, Baudewijn, 2023, A review of Eupholidoptera (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) from Crete, Gavdos, Gavdopoula, and Andikithira, ZooKeys 1151, pp. 67-158 : 67

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1151.97514
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5FEDE55D-C9AF-47D5-9125-9F1758AE2A18
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7ECFFF11-734E-5833-BBD2-91CE3C35954A
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Eupholidoptera forcipata Willemse & Kruseman, 1976
status

Treatment

Eupholidoptera forcipata Willemse & Kruseman, 1976 View in CoL View at ENA

Figs 22 View Figures 11–24 , 36 View Figures 25–38 , 50 View Figures 39–52 , 64 View Figures 53–66 , 80 View Figures 69–82 , 94 View Figures 83–96 , 108 View Figures 97–110 , 123 View Figures 111–125 , 137 View Figures 126–139 , 151 View Figures 140–153 , 165 View Figures 154–167 , 179 View Figures 168–181 , 195 View Figures 182–197 , 210 View Figures 198–212 , 255 View Figures 254, 255 , 259 View Figure 259

Eupholidoptera forcipata Willemse & Kruseman, 1976: 131.

Eupholidoptera forcipata Morphological description. Willemse and Kruseman 1976: 131-134.

Eupholidoptera forcipata Bioacoustics. Çiplak et al. 2009: 27, 51, 54.

Examined specimens.

Holotype, allotype, 8 ♂, 9 ♀ (paratypes); 12 ♂, 5 ♀ (for details see Suppl. material 2).

Diagnostic features.

Frontal part of head (Fig. 22 View Figures 11–24 ) pale with black dots; pronotal disc (Fig. 36 View Figures 25–38 ) pale with central black marking resembling an open “W” or frontal half with larger central black patch, border with pale rear half transverse or V-shaped; Male - stridulatory file with 193 teeth (190 in Çiplak et al. 2009) (including proximal and distal ones), density of teeth in middle two thirds of the file 36 teeth per mm (33 in Çiplak et al. 2009); anal tergite (Figs 80 View Figures 69–82 , 94 View Figures 83–96 , 108 View Figures 97–110 ) narrow, distally strongly bent and extended downward forming two apical lobes ending in strong teeth pointing downward and slightly outward separated by a wide, deep excision; cerci (Figs 123 View Figures 111–125 , 137 View Figures 126–139 ) unarmed, 4 × longer than wide, basal half cylindrical, apical half conical straight, inner margin sinuate with minute bulge halfway, in profile slightly upturned in apical half; subgenital plate (Figs 151 View Figures 140–153 , 165 View Figures 154–167 ) wider than long, widest halfway, sides widely rimmed, in profile upturned, tip apical lobes narrowly truncate, spineless, forming very wide V-shaped excision reaching halfway; styli (Fig. 179 View Figures 168–181 ) short, 0.3 as long as cerci, 2 × longer than wide, cylindrical, inserted at tip of apical lobes pointing backwards; titillator (Figs 195 View Figures 182–197 , 210 View Figures 198–212 ) symmetrical, basal half apical arms fused, narrow, stalk-like, halfway widening, swollen, diverging into two evenly curved, slender hooks, in profile in basal half narrowing apically, wide angled with apical hooks, reaching or extending above anal tergite. Female - subgenital plate (Figs 50 View Figures 39–52 , 64 View Figures 53–66 ) twice as wide as long, widest halfway, proximally with two distinct, widely separated pit-like concavities, apical lobes with depression, tips rounded, separated by U-shaped excision along one quarter of length, in profile oblong, lower edge distally strongly upcurved, tip truncated.

Measurements.

See Tables 6 View Table 6 , 7 View Table 7 .

Bioacoustics.

Based upon the sound recordings of one specimen (30 syllables measured), the song of E. forcipata , as in all species of Eupholidoptera , consists of isolated syllables produced in long series with the opening hemisyllable much shorter and weaker than the closing hemisyllable. In E. forcipata , the syllable duration is ~ 525 ms, with a syllable rate up to somewhat less than 1/s. The syllable duration easily discerns the song of this species from the other known songs of Eupholidoptera from Crete. Published records ( Çiplak et al. 2009) show a syllable duration of ~ 425 ms and a syllable repetition rate far lower than 1/s. For details of sound recordings of Eupholidoptera forcipata see Suppl. material 3.

Differential diagnosis.

Males differ from congenerics in the pointed backward and downward extended widened apical lobes of the anal tergite (Figs 80 View Figures 69–82 , 94 View Figures 83–96 , 108 View Figures 97–110 ) with tips pointing downward and slightly outward, in the wide upturned, spineless subgenital plate (Figs 151 View Figures 140–153 , 165 View Figures 154–167 ) with a very wide V-shaped excision, in short, apically inserted styli (Fig. 179 View Figures 168–181 ) pointing backward, in the stout, straight cerci (Figs 123 View Figures 111–125 , 137 View Figures 126–139 ) with a minute bulge on the inner margin and the symmetrical apical arms of the titillator (Figs 195 View Figures 182–197 , 210 View Figures 198–212 ), in basal half fused and narrow, in apical half strongly diverging hooks. Females differ in the very wide subgenital plate (Figs 50 View Figures 39–52 , 64 View Figures 53–66 ), proximally with two concavities, tips rounded with U-shaped excision along quarter of the length. Eupholidoptera forcipata closely resembles E. marietheresae sp. nov. but male E. forcipata differ from male E. marietheresae sp. nov. in the straight hind margin of the anal tergite (compare Fig. 94 View Figures 83–96 with Fig. 95 View Figures 83–96 ), slimmer cercus (compare Fig. 123 View Figures 111–125 with Fig. 124 View Figures 111–125 ) and the apical arms of the titillator being straight in basal half and gradually upcurved in apical half (compare Fig. 195 View Figures 182–197 with Fig. 196 View Figures 182–197 ). In female E. forcipata the subgenital plate is shorter and the proximal pits being placed further apart than in E. marietheresae sp. nov. (compare Fig. 50 View Figures 39–52 with Fig. 51 View Figures 39–52 ). In colouration particularly the anterior half of the pronotum E. forcipata lacks extensive black markings or patches. For more details differentiating E. forcipata from other Cretan Eupholidoptera see Table 5 View Table 5 .

Distribution.

Only known from higher altitudes on Mt. Psiloritis, central Crete (Fig. 255 View Figures 254, 255 ). For a complete list of localities, specimens and repositories see Suppl. material 1.

Habitat.

The species lives at high altitudes in subalpine phrygana in low prickly bushes (e.g., Astragalus ) in which it hides during the day.

Phenology.

The species occurs between 1350 m and 2225 m. Adults have been collected by hand at the end of July and during the first half of August. Trap catches indicate they are still active up to September and possibly October.