Plumularia setacea ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Galea, Horia R., 2007, Hydroids and hydromedusae (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the fjords region of southern Chile, Zootaxa 1597 (1), pp. 1-116 : 82-83

Plumularia setacea ( Linnaeus, 1758)

(fig. 19D–J, table 33)

Sertularia setacea Linnaeus, 1758: 813 .

Plumularia setacea: Hincks, 1868: 296 , pl. 66 fig. 1; Clark, 1876: 261, pl. 61 figs 1–2; Nutting, 1900: 56, pl. 1 figs 1–4; Hartlaub, 1901: 374; Jäderholm, 1904a: 6; Stechow, 1919: 119; 1923: 226; Fraser, 1944: 352, pl. 76 fig. 342; Vervoort, 1946: 175, figs 27F, 73; 1966: 142, fig. 43; 1968: 64, fig. 29; Rees & Rowe, 1969: 22; Naumov, 1969: 503, fig. 354; Millard, 1973: 27, fig. 3; 1975: 399, fig. 124E–K; Hirohito, 1974: 41; Leloup, 1974: 49, fig. 43; Millard, 1975: 399, fig. 124E–K; Blanco, 1976: 54, pl. 7 figs 4–6; Hirohito, 1983: 70; Gili et al., 1989: 89, fig. 17B; Ramil & Vervoort, 1992: 191, fig. 47F–I; Cornelius, 1995b: 158, fig. 37; Hirohito, 1995 (English text): 278, fig. 95C–D; Medel & Vervoort, 1995: 56, fig. 24; Calder, 1997: 17, fig. 4; Ramil et al., 1998b: 37; Watson, 2000: 53, fig. 41A, B; Schuchert, 2000: 413; Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 238, fig. 91; Schuchert, 2001a: 131, fig. 111A; Peña Cantero & García Carrascosa, 2002: 117, fig. 21C–D; Vervoort & Watson, 2003: 398, figs 96G, 97A–G, 98A; Bouillon et al., 2004: 175, fig. 95A–E; Calder & Kirkendale, 2005: 482; Watson, 2005: 549, fig. 19A–D; Vervoort, 2006: 259; Galea & Leclère, 2007: 39, figs 1–3.

Plumularia diploptera Totton, 1930: 222 , fig. 59A, B; Ralph, 1961b: 32, fig. 3F–J; Rees & Vervoort, 1987: 137, fig. 29; El Beshbeeshy, 1991: 271, fig. 68.

Material examined. Stn. CHL 01 —29.ii. 2005, 10 m, S1: six sterile plumes (normal form), up to 5.5 cm high, 3 slides ( MHNG INVE 53154 ) . Stn. COM 03 —21.i.2006, 17– 21 m, S154: two sterile fragments (normal form), 2.2 and 2.8 cm high, respectively. Stn. COM 04 —28.i.2006, 19– 23 m, HG107: several normal plumes overgrown by the epizootic form. Stn. COM 06 —26.i.2006, S95 (20–23 m): several normal stems, mainly with broken cladia and with only the perisarc left; HG070 (33 m): several normal plumes overgrown by the epizootic form. Stn. COM 07 —25.xii.2004, S53 (11.5 m): several normal, sterile plumes, up to 7 cm high, on mollusc shell, 3 slides ( MHNG INVE 53228 ) ; S57 (22 m): five normal plumes, 4–12 cm high, some branched, one fertile; a small, sterile, epizootic colony present ( MHNG INVE 53237 ) ; 09.iii.2005, 10– 25 m, S56: several normal, fertile plumes, up to 13 cm high; 20.i. 2006, 18 m, HG030 (18 m): several normal plumes overgrown by the epizootic form; 26.i. 2006, 21 m: several normal stems ( MHNG INVE 38773 ) bearing epizootic colonies ( MHNG INVE 38774 ) . Stn. COM 09 —04.v.2005, S8 (12 m): six fertile stems, up to 6.5 cm high, on wood ( MHNG INVE 53161 ) ; S9 (15 m): six sterile, normal plumes, up to 10.5 cm high ( MHNG INVE 53162 ) . Stn. COM10 —undated, 20 m, S52: seven sterile plumes, 2.0–5.5 cm high ( MHNG INVE 53227 ) . Stn. COM 13 – 21.ii. 2005, 25 m, S55: several sterile fragments, in poor condition; 22.ii.2005, 20– 30 m, S54: several plumes and fragments, up to 5.5 cm high, some with numerous gonothecae ( MHNG INVE 53229 ) . Stn. COM 14 —26.ii.2005, 10– 15 m, S60: one sterile plume, 5 cm high. Stn. CAD — 12.iii. 2006, 33 m, S136: two sterile plumes, 2.6 and 4.7 cm high, respectively, on dead gorgonian. Stn. CCA — 12.iii.2006, S123 (1–2 m): one young, sterile colony with stems about 1 cm high, on Chlorophyta ( MHNG INVE 53383 ) ; S87 (28 m): several sterile fragments, up to 2 cm high, on gorgonian. Stn. AIN — 11.iii. 2006, 24 m, S117: several sterile stems up to 6.5 cm high, two of them branched ( MHNG INVE 53373 ) . Stn. CPI — 07.iii. 2006, 24 m, S122: several normal, sterile stems, up to 10 cm high, and smaller fragments, some bearing fertile colonies of the epizootic form ( MHNG INVE 53382 ) .

Type locality. “Habitat in Oceano” ( Linnaeus, 1758). The name is based on Corallina setacea Ellis, 1755 , described from Brighton and Whitstable, Great Britain ( Calder, 1997).

Remarks. This species shows an enormous range of variability. For more details, see Calder (1997). Epizootic specimens were reported by several authors (Millard 1973, Ramil & Vervoort 1992, Ansín-Agís et al. 2001, Vervoort & Watson 2003). For a detailed description of the auto-epizootic forms from Chile, see Galea & Leclère (2007).

Hydroid epibionts. Bougainvillia pyramidata ( Forbes & Goodsir, 1851) ; Hydractinia pacifica Hartlaub, 1905 ; Modeeria rotunda ( Quoy & Gaimard, 1827) ; Filellum serratum ( Clarke, 1879) ; Clytia linearis ( Thornely, 1900) .

World distribution. This species is cosmopolitan, except in purely Arctic and Antarctic waters ( Calder 1997).

Records from Chile. Previous records of P. setacea are from the Guaitecas Islands ( Jäderholm 1904a), Talcahuano, Calbuco ( Hartlaub 1905) and from Tocopilla to Strait of Magellan ( Leloup 1974). The present material was collected roughly between 41°49' S and 50°50' S.