Burmeistera fuchsioides Garzón & F.González, Caldasia, 2012

González, Favio, 2023, Taxonomic revision of Burmeistera (Campanulaceae-Lobelioideae) in Colombia, Phytotaxa 615 (1), pp. 1-113 : 45-46

20. Burmeistera fuchsioides Garzón & F.González, Caldasia 34: 313. 2012.

Type:— COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Jardín, vereda Ventanas , Jardín-Ventanas-Riosucio road, ca. 19.3 km SSE of Jardín, at border with Caldas, 2830 m, ca. 5°40´N, 75°47´W, 4 May 1989 (fl, fr), J. L. Luteyn & O. Escobar 12753 (holotype: HUA!; isotypes: JAUM!, NY!). Figs. 11E–G , 12 .

Terrestrial or sometimes epiphytic herbs or subshrubs up to 3 m tall. Stem denselly puberulous, Petiole 0.5–2.0(–4.0) cm long, puberulous; blade ovate, elliptic or narrowly obovate, (4–)6–20(–30) × (2–)3–7(–10) cm, glabrescent to scarcely puberulous above, puberulous beneath, base cuneate to decurrent, rarely rounded, often slightly asymmetric, apex acute or obtuse, occasionally shortly acuminate, margin subentire to slightly serrulate, with 15 to 30 marginal to extramarginal hydathodes per side, teeth rarely of two intermixed sizes, secondary veins 8 to 11 per side, higher order veins reticulate, intramarginal vein present, discontinuous. Peduncle (3–)4–7(–8) cm long, puberulous, with two clublike bracteoles, 2–3 × 0.5–1.0 mm long each. Hypanthium subglobose to urceolate, 6–9 × 5–8 mm, puberulous. Calyx lobes oblong, (3–)5–11 × 2–4 mm, patent to reflexed, puberulous, basally spaced by narrow (<1 mm wide) sinuses, margin subentire with 3 or 4 teeth per side. Corolla green, green tinted reddish, yellowish, dark pink or red, glabrescent to puberulous; tube 1.7–2.2 cm long, 2–4 mm diameter at its mid-level, inflated distally; lobes broadly ovate, falcate, apex acute, dorsal lobes 8–10 × 5–8 mm, lateral lobes 4–6 × 4–5 mm, ventral lobe 4–5 × 5–6 mm. Synandrium 3.1‒3.7 cm long, exserted up to 2.5 cm; filament tube 2.7‒3.0 cm long, distal portion sparsely puberulous; anther tube, 4–7 mm long, puberulous, ventral anthers barbate, with an apical tuft of white woolly trichomes to 0.5 mm long. Berries globose to pyriform, 1.5–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 cm, inflated, glabrescent to sparsely puberulous, green, yellow or maroon.

Phenology: — Burmeistera fuchsioides has been collected with flower and fruits throughout the year.

Distribution, ecology and conservation status: — Burmeistera fuchsioides is endemic to Colombia, where it grows in the understory stratum of cloud or montane rain forests in the Western and Central cordilleras, at elevations between 150 and 3300 m, in the departments of Antioquia, Cauca, Chocó, Risaralda and Valle del Cauca. Following the IUCN (2022) Guidelines, this species qualifies for the Near Threatened (NT) category.

Notes: — Burmeistera fuchsioides , from the Western or Central cordilleras of Colombia, stands out from other species by the bracteolate peduncles, the short and involute corolla lobes, and the yellow to maroon berries. It is similar to B. mutisiana , from the Eastern Cordillera, from which it differs by the leaf blade with an intramarginal vein; the flowers solitary and subtended by non-reduced leaves; the peduncle puberulous, with two entire bracteoles; the hypanthium puberulous; the calyx lobes patent to reflexed; the corolla glabrescent to puberulous, with tube 1.7–2.2 cm long, and dorsal lobes 8–10 mm long; and the synandrium exserted up to 2.5 cm, with a puberulous anther tube (versus the leaf blade lacking an intramarginal vein; the flowers densely arranged forming a corymbiform distal portion of the branches, each flower subtended by a reduced leaf; the peduncle glabrous, with an odd, trilobed bracteole; the hypanthium glabrescent; the calyx lobes ascending; the corolla glabrous, with tube 2.2–2.7 cm long, and dorsal lobes 7–8 mm long; and the synandrium exserted up to 8 mm long, with a glabrescent anther tube in B. mutisiana ).

Additional specimens examined:—Antioquia. Guatapé, vereda Santa Rita, 1850 m, 6 Nov 1982 (fl, fr), L. Albert 2813 (HUA); Caldas, vereda La Clara, finca La Oculta, 1960 m, 9 Feb 1984 (fl), L. Albert et al. 3793 (HUA); Caldas, Finca La Oculta, vereda La Clara, 16 Feb 1984 (fl), L. Albert et al. 3867 (HUA); Guatapé, vereda Santa Rita , finca Montepinar, 1850 m, 28 Nov 1985 (fl), L. Albert et al. 6064 (HUA); Jardín, Ventanas, 20 km de Jardín hacia Riosucio, Caldas, 2880 m, 25 Apr 1987 (fl), L. Albert et al. 7560 (HUA, NY), 7561 (HUA); Yarumal, paraje Ventanas, 2000 m, 11 Sep 1998 (fl, fr), F. Alzate 545 (HUA); Yarumal, sitio Ventanitas, 7°04´N, 75°32´W, 1990–2100 m, 28 Nov 1992 (fl), J. Arias et al. 163 (HUA), 170 (HUA); Yarumal, Alto de Ventanas, sobre la carretera a El Cedro , 7°10´N, 75°28´W, 2100 m, 13 Dec 1986 (fl), R. Callejas et al. 3180 (HUA); Jardín, Alto de Ventanas, 15 km SO de Jardín en la vía a Riosucio, 5°30´N, 75°50´W, 2400‒2800 m, 9 Jun 1987 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 3945 (HUA); Valdivia, vereda San Fermín, 1 km de la vía Ventanas (Yarumal-Briceño), de finca San Fermín, prop. Lucio Restrepo, 75°30´W, 7°15´N, 20 Mar 1988 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 6067 (HUA); Briceño, vereda San Fermín, 2‒3 km sobre la vía Ventanas (Yarumal-Briceño), 75°30´W, 7°10´N, 1700‒1900 m, 3 Nov 1990 (fl), R. Callejas et al. 9600 (HUA); Envigado, vereda Pantanillo, límites con Rionegro y Retiro, vereda Yarumales, 35 km SE de Medellín, 2200 m, 6°15´N, 75°28´W, 12 Dec 1990 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 9677 (HUA, NY); Belmira, 6‒8 km NE de la cabecera municipal en la vía a vereda “El Yerbal”, sitio Los Patos, margen izquierda del río Chico, Alto de Sabanazos, 2950‒3100 m, 6°35´N, 75°32´W, 25 Mar 1991 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 10151 (HUA); Carmen de Viboral, vereda La Viborita, 6 km SE del municipio de La Unión, en la vía de la Troncal Sonsón-La Unión a la vereda La Viborita, 2100‒2600 m, cabeceras del río Buey, 5°52´N, 75°20´W, 20 Jun 1991 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 10211 (HUA); Envigado, vereda Pantanillo, límites con municipio El Retiro, sobre la vía La Ceja-Aeropuerto, 4 km NE de la vía Medellín-Las Palmas, 2200‒2420 m, 6°12´N, 75°40´W, 6 Sep 1991 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 10345 (HUA); Yarumal, vereda El Cedro , sobre la vía Alto de Ventanas-El Cedro, 127 km NE de Medellín, 1600‒1800 m, 7°6´N, 75°32´W, 07 Mar 1993 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 10806 (HUA); Medellín, Santa Helena , vereda Pantanillo, 2400 m, 9 Aug 1993 (fl, fr), R. Callejas et al. 10983 (HUA); Rionegro, vereda Yarumales, 21 km SE de Medellín, en la vía a Santa Elena, 2300 m, 6°16´N, 75°32´W, 6 Nov 1994 (fl), R. Callejas 11292 (HUA); Yarumal-Valdivia, sobre la via a la Costa Atlántica, 4 km N del alto de Ventanas, 1700‒1900 m, 7°06´20´´N, 75°26´30´´W, 2 Apr 2004 (fr), R. Callejas et al. 13434 (HUA); Envigado, vereda El Escobero, Finca La Estelaria, Cerro Astillero, nacimientos quebrada La Ayurá, 6°10´19´´N, 75°35´09´´W, 2450‒2640 m, 6 Nov 1996 (fl), M. Correa et al. 1212 (JAUM); San Luís, Piedra de Castrillón, 1500 a 1700 m, 6|01´N, 75°01´W, 7 May 1989 (fl), D. Daly et al. 5868 (HUA); Medellín, corregimiento Santa Elena , reserva natural Montevivo, sector Casapalo, 6°12´4811N, 75°29´32.2´´W, 2500 m, 20 Sep 2002 (fl, fr), H. David et al. 243 (HUA); Ciudad Bolívar, corregimiento de Farallones, vereda El Ardedero, Quebrada San Pedro, Finca San Pedro, 05º47´55´´N, 76º02´08´´W, 21 Jul 2007 (fl, fr), H. David et al. 2021 (HUA); San Pedro, 2440 m, 12 Mar 1983 (fl), S. Espinal 4791 (MEDEL); Medellín-Guarne, parque Ecológico Piedras Blancas, 2300‒2400 m, 75°29´W, 6°18´N, 13 Aug 1994 (fl), R. Fonnegra et al. 4965 (HUA); Salgar, camino de ascenso a Cerro Plateado, quebrada La Liborina, 2200‒2240 m, 3 Nov 1985 (fl, fr), P. Franco et al. 2298 (COL); Salgar, camino de ascenso a Cerro Plateado, 2700‒3300 m, 4 Dec 1985 (fl, fr), P. Franco et al. 2339 (COL); Medellín, corregimiento Santa Elena , vereda El Cerro, Cerro Verde, 2660 m, 11 Sep 1996 (fl), F. Giraldo et al. 1059 (JAUM); Medellín, corregimiento Santa Elena , vereda El Placer, quebrada Las Antenas, 2580 m, 3 Oct 1996 (fl, fr), F. Giraldo et al. 1107 (JAUM); Medellín, corregimiento Santa Elena centro, 2200 m, 22 Aug 2008 (fl, fr), S. Hoyos et al. 819 (COL); sin localidad precisa, 17 Feb 1974 (fl), L. Jacobs 66 (HUA); Yarumal, vereda El Colgadero, 2600 m, 30 abril 1972 (fl, fr), G. Lozano 2169 (COL); carretera a El Cedro , 25 Jul 1989 (fl, fr), G. Lozano et al. 6037 (COL); Medellín-Yarumal road, 21 km S of Yarumal, 22 Mar 1979 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 7039 (NY); Yarumal, 9‒18 km N of Yarumal, 1975‒2015 m, ca. 7°01´N, 75°30´W, 25 May 1984 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 10734 (JAUM, NY); 5 km down road to San Fermín de Briceño, west of Panamerican Hwy ca. 25 km N of Yarumal, 1525‒1830 m, ca. 7°01´N, 75°35´W, 26 May 1984 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 10782 (NY); Jardín, vereda Ventanas, 2.5 km SSE of Ventanas to summit along Jardín-Riosucio, ca. 5°40´N, 75°47´W, 2700‒2900 m, 30–31 Oct 1987 (fl), J.L. Luteyn et al. 11804 (HUA); Jardín, vereda Ventanas, 2.5 km SSE of Ventanas to summit along Jardín-Riosucio, ca. 5°40´N, 75°47´W, 2700‒2900 m, 30–31 Oct 1987 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 11828 (HUA), 11844 (HUA, NY); to 2 km down road to San Fermín de Briceño, W of Panamerican highway, ca. 25 km N of Yarumal, 7°01´N, 75°35´W, 1525– 1830 m, 25 May 1988 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 12408 (HUA, NY); Guatapé, vereda Santa Rita , finca Montepinar, ca. 9 km NE de Guatapé, ca. 6°16´´N, 75°07´W, 1800–1850 m, 13 Apr 1989 (fl), J.L. Luteyn et al. 12499 (HUA, NY); Jardín, vereda Ventanas, Jardín-Ventanas-Riosucio road, 12‒19 km SSE of Jardín, 2320‒2800 m, ca. 5°40´N, 75°47´W, 3 May 1989 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 12716 (HUA, NY); Jardín, vereda Ventanas, Jardín-Ventanas-Riosucio road, ca. 19.3 km SSE of Jardín at border with Caldas, 5°40´N, 75°47´W, 2830 m, 4 May 1989 (fl), J.L. Luteyn et al. 12758 (HUA, NY); Yarumal, Alto de Ventanas, 1‒6 km along road to El Cedro , ca. 22 km N of Yarumal, 1890‒2000 m, ca. 7°10´N, 75°28´W, 4–5 Jun 1989 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 13205 (HUA, NY); Yarumal, 1‒5 km along road to San Fermín de Briceño, ca. 25 km N of Yarumal, 1830‒1900 m, ca. 7°01´N, 75°35´W, 4–5 Jun 1989 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 13224 (HUA, NY), 13277 (HUA); Santa Elena, Piedras Blancas , ca. 2500 m, ca. 6°10´N, 75°25´W, 11 Jun 1989 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 13312 (HUA); Salgar, Cerro Plateado, 6°01´N, 76°05´W, 2800 m, 4 Apr 2004 (fl, fr), J. Marrugo et al. 1154 (MEDEL); Jardín, carretera Jardín (Antioquia)–Riosucio (Caldas), sitio Ventanas, cerca de la torre repetidora de televisión, 2900 m, 18 Apr 1987 (fl, fr), O. Marulanda et al. 263 (HUA), 279 (HUA); Jardín, S of Jardín, in southern part of department, 5°30´N, 75°50´W, 2750 m, 29 Oct 1988 (fl, fr), G. McPherson et al. 12889 (HUA); Briceño, km 1‒2 from highway on road to Briceño, 7°0´N, 75°25´W, 1900 m, 25 Nov 1988 (fl, fr), G. McPherson 13268 (HUA); “Third Botanical Garden Expedition to the Andes”, between Valdivia and Yarumal, 2000 m, 20 Feb 1942 (fl, fr), R. Metcalf & J. Cuatrecasas 30117 (GH); Urrao, Finca La Clara, vía hacia Abriaquí, 2800 m, 7 Dec 1984 (fl, fr), C. Orozco et al. 1405 (COL); Jardín, vereda La Herrera, finca El Imperio, 2900 m, 1 Jul 2002 (fl, fr), A. Rivas et al. 638 (HUA); alrededores de Puerto Bélgica, 9 Apr 1951 (fl), R. Romero 2342 (COL, MEDEL); Medellín, corregimiento Altavista, vereda Buga, finca de Pecas, 1900 m, 16 May 1996 (fl, fr), D. Saldarriaga et al. 122 (JAUM); Medellín, corregimiento San Antonio del Prado, vereda Yarumalito, quebrada Los Vallados, 2325 m, 01 Jun 1996 (fl, fr), D. Saldarriaga et al. 167 (JAUM); Medellín, San Antonio del Prado, vereda El Barcino, quebrada El Barcino, 11 Sep 1996 (fl, fr), D. Saldarriaga et al. 341 (JAUM); Andes, vereda La Siria, 5°40´N, 75°53´W, 2200 m, 03 Mar 1997 (fl, fr), D. Sánchez et al. 4174 (MEDEL), 4180 (COL, MEDEL); Cordillera Central, Cerro del Gallinazo, mountain due E of Caldas, S of Medellín, 6°05´N, 75°33´W, 2400‒2600 m, 4 Feb 1986 (fl), B. Stein et al. 3347 (COL); quebrada 19 km N of Yarumal along Medellín-Cartagena Hwy., c. 2 km S of Alto de Ventanas, c. 7°04´N, 75°27´W, 2000 m, 7 Feb 1986 (fl, fr), B. Stein et al. 3366 (JAUM); Yarumal, km 1‒5 on road to Briceño, c. 25 km N of Yarumal, 7°07´N, 75°28´W, 1850 m, 7 Feb 1986 (fl, fr), B. Stein et al. 3373 (JAUM); Cordillera Central, finca Montepinar, c. 10 km NE of Guatapé, c. 6°16´N, 75°07´W, 1800 m, 10 Feb 1986 (fl), B. Stein 3424 (HUA); Envigado, vereda El Escobero, finca La Morena, 75°33´02´´N, 6°08´42´´W, 2570 m, 28 Aug 2007 (fl, fr), J. Vélez et al. 2379 (MEDEL); Guatapé, ca. 8 km NNE of Guatapé, vereda Santa Rita , finca Montepinar, 6°17´N, 75°08´W, 1840 m, 4 Dec 1986 (fl), J. Zarucchi et al. 4387 (HUA, NY); Sonsón, km 12 of road Sonsón-Nariño, 5°42´N, 75°15´W, 2630 m, 6 Dec 1986 (fl), J. Zarucchi et al. 4426 (HUA); Jardín, km 20 of road Jardín-Riosucio (Dpto. Caldas), ca 15 km SSE of Jardín, Alto de Ventanas, 5°31´N, 75°48´W, 2700‒2790 m, 29 Oct 1988 (fl), J. Zarucchi et al. 6920 (HUA). Cauca: PNN Munchique, km 42 to km 58 of Uribe-La Gallera road, c. 2°38´N, 76°54´W, 2000‒2500 m, 27 Mar 1986 (fl, fr), B. Stein 3783 (COL). Chocó: carretera Ansermanuevo-San José del Palmar, límite con el departamento del Valle del Cauca, Alto de Galápago, 2000 m, 18 Feb 1977 (fl), E. Forero et al. 2881 (COL); carretera Ansermanuevo-San José del Palmar, 8.4 km del Alto del Galápago, 1600 m, 19 Feb 1977 (fl, fr), E. Forero et al. 3022 (COL); carretera Tutunendo-El Carmen, alrededores del campamento “El 12”, alto río Atrato, 520‒620 m, 28 Apr 1979 (fl, fr), E. Forero et al. 6070 (COL); El Carmen de Atrato, carretera a Urrao, ca. 15 km al NO de la cabecera municipal, camino a Urrao, 2400–2700 m, 7 Nov 1985 (fl), G. Galeano et al. 801 (COL, NY); carretera Cartago-San José del Palmar, ca. km 65, 1900‒2000 m, 15 Nov 1978 (fl), G. Lozano et al.3086 (COL); San Jose del Palmar, hacia Galápago, s.f. (fl), G. Lozano et al. 4859 (COL); Ansermanuevo-San José del Palmar rd. ca. 4 km W of San José del Palmar, ca. 51‒53 km W of Ansermanuevo, 1925‒2000 m, ca. 4°40´N, 76°26´W, 13 May 1984 (fl), J.L. Luteyn et al. 10411 (NY); Ansermanuevo-San José del Palmar rd. ca. 4 km W of San José del Palmar, 914 m, ca. 4°40´N, 76°26´W, 14 May 1984 (fl), J.L. Luteyn et al. 10498 (JAUM, NY); Cordillera Occidental, mountain ridge above (W of) El Carmen de Atrato, dividing Río Atrato and Río Habito valleys, c. 5°54´N, 76°09´W, 2200‒2400 m, 30 Jan 1986 (fl), B. Stein et al. 3320 (JAUM), 3322 (JAUM). Risaralda. Pueblo Rico, río Taibá, 1350 m, 14 Mar 1986 (fl, fr), R. Bernal et al. 987 (COL); Pueblo Rico, vereda Montebello, PNN Tatamá, Montezuma rainforest, 1800 m, 5°12´51´´N, 76°4´21´´W, 5 May 2013 (fr), J. Clark 13181 (COL). Valle del Cauca. El Cairo, corregimiento El Boquerón, Reserva Natural Cerro del Inglés, 4.74.117´N, 76°29.504´W, 2150 m, 8 Mar 2012 (fl, fr), R. Bernal et al. 4783 (COL); El Cairo, Cerro del Inglés, 2000 m, 28–29 May 2008 (fl, fr), J. Garzón et al. 453 (COL), 456 (COL), 457 (COL), 462 (COL); Ansermanuevo-San José del Palmar road, km 60‒62, 1870‒1950 m, 19 Apr 1979 (fl), J.L. Luteyn et al. 7276 (NY); El Cairo, corregimiento Boquerón, vereda Las Amarillas, Serranía de Los Paraguas, ca. 4°45´N, 76°20´W, 1750‒2050 m, 13 May 1988 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 12312 (CUVC, NY); La Elvira, Finca Zingara, 1700‒ 1600 m, ca. 25 km W of Cali at km 18, ca. 3°28´N, 76°37´W, 20 Apr 1989 (fl), J.L. Luteyn et al. 12558 (CUVC, NY); El Cairo, corregimiento Boquerón, vereda Las Amarillas, Serranía de Los Paraguas, ca. 21‒25 km beyond El Cairo, ca. 4°45´N, 76°20´W, 1850‒2000 m, 25 Apr 1989 (fl, fr), J.L. Luteyn et al. 12664 (NY), 12678 (NY); Cerro del Inglés, Serranía de Los Paraguas, 1 h en jeep desde El Cairo, 4°44´44´´N, 76°17´56´´W, 2218 m, 21 Sep 2007 (fl, fr), L. Ortega 06 (CUVC); El Cairo, Las Amarillas, cerca de la base del Cerro del Inglés, a 1 hora en jeep de El Cairo, Serranía de Los Paraguas, Cordillera Occidental, 2040‒2070 m, 31 Mar 1988 (fl), P. Silverstone et al. 3851 (CUVC, NY); Cerro del Inglés, Serranía de Los Paraguas, Cordillera Occidental, vertiente oriental, cerca de frontera con Chocó, a 1 h en jeep de El Cairo, 2070‒2430 m, 01 Apr 1988 (fl, fr), P. Silverstone et al. 3882 (CUVC); old road from Buenaventura to Cali, 34‒39 km from Buenaventura along río Anchicayá, c. 3°42´N, 86°54´W, 150‒400 m, B. Stein et al. 3278 (CUVC).

Figures

FIGURE 11.A–D. Burmeistera fistulosa (A, Betancur et al. 15048, type; B–D, Pedraza et al. 1981), habit (A), corymbiform inflorescence (B), flower (C), and berry (D). E–G.B. fuchsioides (E–F, Luteyn et al. 11804; G, Luteyn et al. 12408), leaves and flowers (E, F), and berries (G). H–I. B. fuscoapicata (González 969), branch with flowers and berries (H), and flower (I). Photo credits: A–D. F. Gómez; E–G. J.L. Luteyn; H–I: M.F. González. Scale bars: 4 cm in A; 5 mm in B–D, F, I; 1 cm in E, G, H.

FIGURE 12. Distribution of Burmeistera fistulosa, B. formosa, B. fuchsioides, B. fuscoapicata and B. glabrata.