Allorhynchium setosum Nguyen & Engel, 2023

Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Ngat Thi, Nguyen, Manh Thanh & Engel, Michael S., 2023, The potter wasp genus Allorhynchium from Vietnam, with descriptions of three new species and a new country record (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae), ZooKeys 1166, pp. 1-32 : 1

Allorhynchium setosum Nguyen & Engel sp. nov.

Figs 8 , 9

Material examined.

Holotype. Vietnam: ♀, Kon Tum, Sa Thay , Chu Mom Ray NP, 19°47'24.5"N, 104°59'46.5"E, alt. 729 m, 25.iv.2016 [25 April 2016], Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen, Dai Dac Nguyen, Ngat Thi Tran leg. [IEBR].

Paratypes. Vietnam: 1♀, same data as holotype ; 1♀, Son La, Phu Yen, Quang Huy , 21°15'50"N, 104°38'56"E, 18.vi.2015 [18 June 2005], Dai Dac Nguyen leg. ; 1♀, Son La, Thuan Chau, Long He, Tra May , alt. 1500 m, 3.vi.2009 [3 June 2009], Phong Huy Pham leg. ; 1♂, Kon Tum, Dak Ha, Dak Mar, Dak Uy , 14°33'04.6"N, 107°55'08.0"E, alt. 630 m, 19.vii.2021 [19 July 2021], Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen leg. ; 1♀, Kon Tum, Sa Thay, Chu Mom Ray NP, 19°47'24.5"N, 104°59'46.5"E, alt. 729 m, 25.iv.2016 [25 April 2016], Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen, Dai Dac Nguyen, Ngat Thi Tran leg. ; 1♀, 1♂, Gia Lai, Ka Bang, Konpne, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14°23'22.9"N, 108°20'27.5"E, alt. 647 m, 15.vii.2012 [15 July 2012], Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen leg. ; 1♂, Gia Lai, Ka Bang, Konpne, Kon Ka Kinh NP, 14°11'56.7"N, 108°17'19.5"E, alt. 700 m, 13.vii.2012 [13 July 2012], Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen leg. ; 1♀, Gia Lai, Chu Se , rubber and pepper garden, 14.iv.2013 [14 April 2013], Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen leg. ; 1♀, Dak Lak, Ea Kar, Ea So, Ea So NR, Station 9, 12°59'15"N, 108°40'18"E, alt. 347 m, 15.iv.2015 [15 April 2015], Lien Thi Phuong Nguyen, Dai Dac Nguyen, Minh Phuong Nguyen leg. [IEBR].

Diagnosis.

This species can be distinguished from congeners by the following character combination: vertex of female with a small cephalic fovea bearing a tuft of setae medio-dorsally; occipital carina weakly widen laterally; inner compound eye margins strongly convergent ventrally, in anterior view 1.2 × as further apart from each other at vertex as at clypeus; clypeus with apical flattened half well defined, in facial view wider than high; mesoscutum almost as long as wide between tegulae; propodeal dorsum raised shelf-like to same level with metanotum, concavity shallow and narrow; SVII of male with a raised flat area basally, apical margin of raised flat area pointed medially. In male genitalia, digitus extend to apex to form two lobes, a short black lobe smooth laterally, and a transparent wide lobe with dense long setae and several short and thicker setae; penis valves with several setae at basal one-third; proximal part of penis valves in profile with an apical part strongly produced into two large lobes.

Description.

Female (Fig. 8 ): Body length 10.0-10.7 mm (holotype = 10.5 mm); forewing length 9.5-10.2 mm (holotype = 10.0 mm).

Structure. Head in facial view subcircular, 1.1 × as wide as high (Fig. 8A ). Vertex with a small cephalic fovea bearing a tuft of setae medio-dorsally (Fig. 8B ). Distance from posterior ocelli to apical margin of vertex 1.8 × distance from posterior ocellus to inner compound eye margin (Fig. 8B ). Gena narrower than compound eye, ~ 0.8 × as wide as compound eye; occipital carina complete, present along entire length of gena, weakly widened laterally. Inner compound eye margins strongly convergent ventrally, in anterior view 1.2 × further apart from each other at vertex than at clypeus. Clypeus with apical flattened half well defined, in lateral view prominently convex in basal half, then straight to apical margin, in anterior view wider than high, ~ 1.1 × as wide as high (Fig. 8A ), with basal margin slightly concave medially and distinctly separated from antennal toruli; apical margin shallowly emarginate medially, forming blunt tooth on each lateral side, distance between teeth slightly> 1/3 width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins (~ 0.4 × width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins). Mandible quadridentate (with four teeth), teeth prominent. Antennal scape ~ 4.1 × as long as its maximum width, slightly curved; FI ~ 1.4 × longer than wide, FII slightly longer than wide, FIII-IX wider than long, terminal flagellomere bullet-shaped, ca. as long as its basal width. Mesosoma longer than wide in dorsal view (Fig. 8C ). Pronotal carina raised, reaching ventral corner of pronotum. Mesoscutum weakly convex, almost as long as wide between tegulae, without depressed and oblique furrows apically (Fig. 8E ). Disc of mesoscutellum slightly convex, in lateral view at same level of mesoscutum, narrowly depressed basally (Fig. 8C ). Metanotum weakly convex. Propodeal dorsum raised shelf-like to same level with metanotum; declivity of propodeum with median carina running upward into a narrow and long fovea at short distance from metanotum, concavity shallow and narrow. Forewing with third submarginal cell separated from apex of marginal cell by < ½ its length (Fig. 8D ). Metasomal segment I as wide as segment II (Fig. 8F ), rounded at base; TI in dorsal view ~ 1.6 × as wide as long; TII wider than long, ~ 1.2 × as wide as long in dorsal view; SII depressed at base, in lateral view almost straight from base to midlength, then straight to apical margin.

Sculpturing. Clypeus rugose, basal and lateral parts with strong punctures, interspaces between punctures with minute punctures, each puncture bearing a medium-long bristle. Frons densely covered with coarse flat-bottom punctures, interspaces between punctures narrow and raised to form reticulation. Vertex with strong and deep punctures, punctures equal in size, interspaces with sparse minute punctures; gena from midlength to vertex with punctures similar to those on vertex, and with smaller and weaker punctures on apical half (Fig. 8D ); occipital carina weakly widened laterally (Fig. 8D ). Pronotum with punctures similar to those on vertex. Mesoscutum covered with flat-bottomed punctures, punctures equal in size, smaller than those on pronotum, interspaces between punctures with sparse minute punctures, smooth, larger than puncture diameters centrally, punctures at margins stronger and larger than those centrally; mesoscutellum with punctures similar to those on mesoscutum, punctures on metanotum denser than those on mesoscutellum, interspaces between punctures narrow and raised to form reticulation. Mesepisternum with flat-bottomed punctures, punctures coarser than those on pronotum posterodorsally, smooth anteroventrally; border between posterodorsal and anteroventral parts distinct, without epicnemial carina. Dorsal part of metapleuron with several strong striae, ventral portion of metapleuron with dense and shallow punctures. Propodeum with dorsolateral margin of propodeum somewhat rounded, punctures on dorsolateral area coarse and irregularly rugose, interspaces carinate, sometimes with teeth-like structures behind metanotum, posterior surface rugose basally and with some short oblique striations near median carina apically. Tegula covered with minute punctures. Metasomal TI covered with sparse strong punctures dorsally, and fine punctures dorso-anteriorly, distance between punctures greater than puncture diameter, with minute punctures in interspaces; punctures on TII smaller and shallower than those on TI, punctures on TIII-V and SII denser than those on TII; TVI and SVI with minute punctures.

Color. Body almost black except two short yellow bands along inner orbits near clypeus and brown valvulae. Wing infuscate, veins dark brown (Fig. 9D ).

Pubescence. Body with medium-length silver setae.

Male (Fig. 9 ). Body length 10.4-10.6 mm; fore wing length 9.9-10.1 mm.

Structure. As in female but differing as follows: head wider than high, 1.1 × as wide as high in facial view (Fig. 9A ); vertex without cephalic foveae; distance from posterior ocelli to apical margin of vertex ~ 2.2 × distance from posterior ocelli to inner compound eye margin; inner compound eye margins strongly convergent ventrally, in anterior view 1.3 × further apart from each other at vertex than at clypeus; clypeus in anterior view slightly wider than high, apical margin deeply emarginate medially, forming sharply pointed tooth on each side (Fig. 9A ), width of emargination greater than one-third of clypeal width between inner compound eye margins (0.4 × width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins); mandible with short and wide teeth. Antennal scape ~ 3.6 × as long as wide, FI ~ 1.6 × as long as wide, FII longer than wide, FIII and FIX as wide as long, FIV-VIII wider than long, FX much smaller than FIX, terminal flagellomere elongate, slightly curved, ~ 3 × as long as its basal width (Fig. 9B ). Metasomal SVII with a raised flat area basally, apical margin of flat area pointed medially (Fig. 9C ).

Sculpturing. Body surface sculptured as in female; clypeus with sparse and small punctures, distance between punctures greater than puncture diameter and with dense minute punctures.

Pubescence. As in female except clypeus covered with dense, medium-long, silver setae.

Color. Similar to female.

Genitalia. As in Fig. 9E-H . Parameral spine lacking setae. Volsella flattened, spatulate, wide on inner aspect, and with long setae at top (Fig. 9E, F ). Digitus gradually widened from base to two-thirds length, then extended apically to form two lobes, a dark-brown short one smooth laterally, and a transparent wide lobe with dense long setae and several additional short and thicker setae (Fig. 9E, F ). Penis valves long, much longer than basal apodeme (~ 2 × as long as basal apodeme), with several setae in basal third; in ventral view proximal part strongly produced laterally into an oval shape (Fig. 9G ); in profile apical part strongly produced into two large lobes (Fig. 9H ), upper lobe larger than lower lobe; proximal margin smooth (Fig. 9H ).

Distribution.

North, Central, and Highland of Vietnam.

Etymology.

The specific epithet is the Latin adjective sētōsus (meaning shaggy), and refers to the setae on the basal third of the penis valves and apex of the digitus (Fig. 9E-H ).

Remarks.

This new species is closely similar to A. argentatum in having the occipital carina slightly widened laterally, the propodeal dorsum raised shelf-like to the same level with the metanotum, the clypeus of the female with a rather deep and wide emargination apically, and the clypeus of the male densely covered with silvery setae. However, it differs from the latter by the following traits: mesoscutum as long as wide between tegulae (mesoscutum wider than long, 1.2 × wider than long in A. argentatum ), mandible of the male with short and wide teeth (mandible of the male with prominent long teeth in A. argentatum ), SVII of the male with the apical margin of the raised flat area pointed medially (SVII with apical margin of raised flat area wide medially in A. argentatum ), apex of digitus with two lobes, the short one blunter, the setose transparent lobe much wider and with several short and thick setae (apex of digitus with two lobes, the short one sharper, the setose transparent lance shape and without setae in A. argentatum ), penis valves with several setae at basal one-thirds (penis valves without setae at base in A. argentatum ).

This new species is also similar to A. latum sp. nov. in having the occipital carina slightly widened laterally, the propodeal dorsum raised shelf-like to the same level with the metanotum, mesoscutum as long as wide between tegulae. But it differs from the latter by the following characters: clypeus wider than high (clypeus as wide as high in A. latum ), distance between teeth of clypeus < ½ width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins (distance between teeth of clypeus> ½ width of clypeus between inner compound eye margins in A. latum ), penis valves in profile with lower lobe of apical margin round (penis valves in profile with lower lobe of apical margin produced to a narrow and sharp lobe in A. latum ).

Key to oriental species of Allorhynchium

A key is provided here to the 21 recognized Oriental species in the genus Allorhynchium . Some species with the propodeum not level with the metanotum, such as A. anomalum , A. diffinis , A. lugubrinum , A. quadrimaculatum , A. menglianense , and A. radiatum , are tentatively treated under the genus Allorhynchium . Further study is needed along with a revision and new key to Oriental eumenine genera so that Allorhynchium can be newly redefined and identified properly.

The characters are taken from the descriptions and figures of van der Vecht (1963), Giordani Soika (1986), Yamane (1990), Girish Kumar and Sharma (2015), Girish Kumar et al. (2016), Tan et al. (2018), Li et al. (2019), Luo et al. (2020), except specimens of A. argentatum , A. latum sp. nov., A. lugubrinum , A. moerum sp. nov., A. quadrimaculatum , A. setosum sp. nov., and A. snelleni from Vietnam, A. argentatum from Indonesia, A. chinense from Taiwan, and A. metallicum from India and Malaysia. For the distribution and color of the species refer to van der Vecht (1963), Tan et al. (2018), and Luo et al. (2020).

Because there are some species described based only on the male (such as A. tuberculatum , A. quadrituberculatum ), separate keys are provided for females and males.

Figures

Figure 8. Allorhynchium setosum Nguyen & Engel, sp. nov., female holotype A facial view B head, dorsal view C mesosoma, dorsal view D mesosoma, lateral view E propodeum, posterior view F metasomal terga I-III, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 9. Allorhynchium setosum Nguyen & Engel, sp. nov., male paratype, female holotype A male, facial view B male, right antenna C male, metasomal sternum VII D female, lateral habitus E male genitalia, inner aspect of paramere with volsella and digitus F male genitalia, outer aspect of paramere with volsella and digitus G aedeagus, ventral view H aedeagus, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.