Elytroleptus Dugés, 1879

GRZYMALA, TRACI L. & MILLER, KELLY B., 2013, Taxonomic Revision and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Elytroleptus Dugés (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae: Trachyderini), Zootaxa 3659 (1), pp. 1-62 : 8-12

Elytroleptus Dugés, 1879

Elytroleptus Dugés, 1879: 182–185 ; Lameere, 1883: 40; Bates, 1885: 317; Leng, 1886: 31; Aurivillius, 1912: 455; Bradley, 1930: 240; Blackwelder, 1946: 588; Knull, 1946: 228; Linsley, 1961a: 632; 1961b: 2, 1962a: 175; 1962b: 1; Chemsak & Linsley, 1965: 193; 1974: 182; 1975: 109–110; 1982: 56–57; Fragoso et al., 1987: 201; Crowson, 1981: 353, 482, 489, 492; Monné & Giesbert, 1995: 148; Turnbow & Thomas, 2002: 579, 596; Eisner, 2003: 169–174; Eisner et al., 2005: 198; Monné, 2005: 605; Monné & Hovore, 2006: 143; Monné, 2012: 57.

Elitroleptus Dugés 1879: 182 . [Incorrect original spelling ICZN 32.4] (Unavailable name per ICZN 24.2.3, see Remarks section below)

Pteroplatus Thomson, 1860: 255 ; LeConte, 1873: 310; LeConte & Horn, 1883: 295.

Diagnosis. A phylogenetic hypothesis for relationships within the tribe Trachyderini and the subtribe Trachyderina is not currently available. A phylogenetic analysis for the genus is conducted in this revision (see below) and the monophyly of Elytroleptus is supported by the putative synapomorphies of (1) antennal length in males reaching to less than half elytral length (Character 2, Fig. 25 ), (2) ultimate anntenomere in males slightly appendiculate (Character 3, Fig. 20 ), (3) sexually dimorphic prothoracic male punctation constrained to oval area, only above lateral margins of pronotum (Character 13, Fig. 27 ), (4) elytral length more than 4 times the pronotal length (Character 14).

Description. Body. Elongate, parallel or laterally expanded apically from humeri, dorsoventrally flattened. Coloration. Combinations of yellow, testaceous, rufo-testaceous, red, and piceous integument and pubescence (differs interspecifically). Sexual Dimorphism. Males with antennae longer, antennomere serration more pronounced, and appendiculate aspect of antennomere XI longer than those of intraspecifc female specimens. Females with several transverse rows of spatula-like setae on distal aspect of abdominal sternite VIII. Males of some species with densely punctate areas on prothorax indicative of gland pores, restricted to oval area directly dorsad of pronotal lateral margins, often differently colored than remaining integument, outlined by a weak carina. Head. Slightly declined, narrower at posterior margin than width of prothorax at anterior margin, shallowly, sparsely to moderately punctate with suberect to erect pubescence arising from punctures; vertex often covered with more dense, appressed pubescence, eyes separated from prothoracic apex by width of upper eye lobe; moderate, recumbent pubescence arising from outer margins of eyes; rugose posterior to eye; antennal tubercles slightly to moderately raised, often slightly angulate and separated by approximately 4 × width of antennal socket; clypeus width 2 × length; frontoclypeal suture distinct, straight to slightly concave; gular region shining, with sparse erect pubescence apically ( Figs. 1a, 1b ). Eyes. Large, finely faceted (about 25 facets at greatest height of lower lobe; 11 facets across width of upper lobe), lower lobe occupying about 1/2 or more of head thickness; ovateemarginate with moderately deep emargination along anterior margin; antennal insertion point within emargination, region clothed with moderately dense recumbent pubescence; 1–5 facets thick at greatest emargination point. Antennae. With eleven antennomeres, reaching to approximately 2/3 elytral length at most, less in some species, with fine, numerous punctures; antennomeres expanded apically; antennomeres I–V covered in moderately dense, suberect to erect pubescence, becoming recumbent and shorter on antennomeres VI–XI; scape slightly shorter than antennomere V, subequal to VI, moderately curved, with shallow longitudinal, dorsal and ventral impressions; pedicel 1/2 to 1/3 × scape length; antennomeres III and IV subequal, each 2 × pedicel length; antennomeres V-VIII decreasing in length; antennomeres VIII and IX subequal; antennomere X shorter than IX; antennomeres V-X serrate, produced medially at apices; antennomere XI appendiculate, degree of appendiculation variable, more pronounced in males; none penicillated ( Fig. 1c .). Mouthparts. Mandible ( Figs. 1d, 1f ) large, triangular; cutting surface unserrated, with medial, sclerotized, small tooth; crescent-shaped; medial margin with single line of dense setae. Maxillary palp ( Figs. 1h, 1i ) with 5 palpomeres; apical palpomere subquadrate; palpomere II short, 1/3 × length of apical palpomere, expanded apically; maxilla with distinct galea and lacinia subequal to maxillary palp length. Galea subquadrate with pilosity concentrated at apex. Lacinia L-shaped with dense pilosity concentrated at apical region. Labial palp ( Fig. 1j ) with 4 palpomeres; apical palpomere subquadrate; palpomere II with apex strongly expanded, about 4 × width at base. Ligula membranous ( Fig. 1g ), lobes welldeveloped, broadly rounded, pilosity of inner surface arranged in one longitudinal stripe found medially within each lobe.

Prothorax. Pronotum constricted at base and apex, lateral margins slightly expanded, either evenly rounded or angulate, widest medially. Shining, with punctation variable from sparse to dense and shallow to deep with short, suberect to recumbent pubescence arising from punctures; with two arcuate lines of dense, appressed pubescence overlying slightly raised integument, laterad to central pronotal disc, each of similar width throughout and occupying ¼ of pronotal disc area, lateral margins often also clothed in dense, suberect to erect pubescence, with two arcuate lines of dense pubescence extending to lateral margins (lines of dense, appressed pubescence lacking for E. divisus , E. humeralis , E. luteus , and E. scabricollis ). Disc flattened to slightly convex. Apical and basal margins clothed with single row of moderately dense, short, erect pubescence, apical margin forward-projecting, basal margin rear-projecting. Anterior margin straight. Posterior margin sinuate with two slightly anterior concave regions (each laterad to center). Procoxal cavities rounded, slightly angulate at sides, externally closed, internally

Pterothorax. Scutellum (Fig. 2b) small, subtriangular, length subequal to width, medially impressed, with short, moderately dense, recumbent pubescence. Mesonotal stridulatory plate present. Mesosternum (Fig. 2f) shining, anterior margin sinuate, slightly projecting medially past lateral aspects. Mesosternal process extending to middle of mesocoxae, with lateral rounded projections into mesocoxae, posterior apex concavely rounded. Mesepisternum moderately punctate, with suberect to erect pubescence. Metasternum (Fig. 2f) shining, sparsely punctate, with suberect to erect pubescence. Metasternal sulcus distinct. Metepisternum shining, moderately punctate with suberect to recumbent pubescence, more dense posteriorly. Metendosternite (Fig. 2e) of hylecoetoid type, median notch angulate; furcal arms short, anteriorly projecting, expanded apically; lateral aspect of ventral process 2 × length of furcal arms, slight posterior projection; anterior process absent. Elytra. Lateral margins nearly parallel or expanded apically; width across humeral angles slightly greater than width of pronotum at base; each elytron with three or four costae; elytra covered in moderate punctation, with erect to recumbent setae arising from each puncture, pubescence more dense at apices, punctures confused, variable in diameter and depth between species and along elytral length within species. Punctures absent along suture and margins of elytron, these regions slightly elevated. Maculae absent. Apices rounded, lacking sutural and apicolateral spines. Metathoracic Wings.

Fully developed, length about 2.5 × greatest width; lightly to darkly tinted, some with basal aspects light, apical aspects dark. Radial bar distinct; radial cell weakly developed, with r4 connector between radial cell and RP. MP 1 +2 and RP veins distinct, connected through rp-mp2 vein, RP 3+4 connected to rp-mp2, RP 2 distinct, not connected to rp-mp2; MP 3 distinct, anterior aspect not quite reaching MP 1 +2 vein, posterior aspect not reaching posterior wing margin; CuA 2 and AA 3+4 distinct, not reaching posterior wing margin; AP 3+4 and J veins distinct, not reaching posterior wing margin (Fig. 2a). Legs. Procoxa rounded. Trochanters of normal type. Femora straight to moderately sinuous, metafemur more so; shining, finely, sparsely punctate with suberect to erect setae arising from punctures; fusiform, swollen medially, profemur more so; apex of interior and exterior surfaces with semicircular processes, concealing femoral-tibial articulation in lateral aspect, lacking spines. Tibia straight to slightly sinuous, expanded apically; shining, finely, sparsely punctate with setae arising from punctures, internal surface of protibia moderately clothed with erect pubescence. Two tibial spurs present, straight, inner spur longer than outer spur, dense pilosity laterad to spurs, concentrated at tibial apex. Tarsi pentamerous; with moderate, suberect to recumbent pubescence dorsally; pubescent pads present ventrally; one seta on each lateral aspect of apical tarsomere extending to ½ × length of tarsal claws. Tarsal claws simple; reduced empodium, lacking projected aspects between claws (Figs. 2d, 2g, 2k) .

Abdomen. Shining, sparsely punctate with suberect to erect pubescence. Five ventrites, each 2.2–3.0 × wider than long; each subsequent apical ventrite decreasing slightly in width; terminal ventrite tapering toward apex, apex rounded to straight, often with slight medial impression (Fig. 2j). Genitalia, Male. With parameres parallel, broadly separated by ¾ × paramere width, separation shallow (1/3 length of parameres) to deep (½ length of parameres). Setal length short, 1/6 paramere length. One row of setae at apex of paramere, second row present just basad to apex, slightly sclerotized ridge occupying ½ of paramere width. Tegmen converging basally. Median lobe with dorsal lobe narrowed apically. Tergite VIII, tapering to apex, often with slight medial impression, margins clothed with moderate pubescence. Sternite VIII variably sinuate, margins clothed with sparse to moderate, short pubescence (Figs. 2h, 2i). Genitalia, Female. Sternite VIII armed with transverse rows of spatula-like setae. Tergite VIII trilobate. Ovipositor with lateral lobes distinct, rounded, width subequal to length, covered in moderate pilosity, styli distinct, length 2 × width, moderate pilosity concentrated at apex; two ventral apodemes, length 17 × width at base, narrowed apically ( Figs. 3a, 3b, 3c ).

Remarks. In the original description of the genus, Dugés first lists " Elitroleptus (elitro blando)" and then subsequently lists the two described species as " Elytroleptus Alfredi " and " Elytroleptus luteus ". To avoid future confusion and to preserve stability of the genus name, Elytroleptus is selected as the correct spelling [ICZN article 24.2.3]. Elitroleptus is an incorrect original spelling and is unavailable for future use [ICZN article 32.4].

Due to the relative rarity of Elytroleptus in collections, only an exemplar of E. luteus was made available for complete dissection and disarticulation. Therefore, several of the internal structures (e.g. mesonotum, internal structures are not usually variable within genera, but additional disarticulated species of Elytroleptus need to be examined before the validity of this statement can be confirmed.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Elytroleptus luteus, a) head, anterior view, b) head, lateral view, c) antenna, d) right mandible, ventral view, e) labrum, f) right mandible, dorsal view, g) labium, dorsal view, h) left maxilla, ventral view, i) left maxilla, dorsal view, j) labium, ventral view. Scale bars = 1.0 mm for a, b, and c. Scale bars = 0.25 mm for d, e, f, g, h, i, and j.

FIGURE 3. Elytroleptus luteus, a) female, sternite VIII with brush, b) female, tergite VIII, c) female, ovipositor. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 25–28. 25a) Character 2, State 0, antennal length in males reaching to less than half elytral length, 25b) Character 2, State 1, antennal length in males reaching to more than half elytral length, but not past elytral apices; 26a) Character 4, State 0, pronotal pubescence only with thin pubescence, 26b) Character 4, State 1, pronotal pubescence with thin pubescence and lines

FIGURES 19–20. 19a) Character 1, State 0, genal length less than width, 19b) Character 1, State 1, genal length equal to width; 20a) Character 3, State 1, ultimate antennomere slightly appendiculate, 20b) Character 3, State 2, ultimate antennomere