Robrichia (Barneby & J.W. Grimes) A.R.M. Luz & E.R. Souza, Syst. Bot. 47: 274. 2022.

Bruneau, Anne, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ringelberg, Jens J., Borges, Leonardo M., Bortoluzzi, Roseli Lopes da Costa, Brown, Gillian K., Cardoso, Domingos B. O. S., Clark, Ruth P., Conceicao, Adilva de Souza, Cota, Matheus Martins Teixeira, Demeulenaere, Else, de Stefano, Rodrigo Duno, Ebinger, John E., Ferm, Julia, Fonseca-Cortes, Andres, Gagnon, Edeline, Grether, Rosaura, Guerra, Ethiene, Haston, Elspeth, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernandez, Hector M., Hopkins, Helen C. F., Huamantupa-Chuquimaco, Isau, Hughes, Colin E., Ickert-Bond, Stefanie M., Iganci, Joao, Koenen, Erik J. M., Lewis, Gwilym P., de Lima, Haroldo Cavalcante, de Lima, Alexandre Gibau, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, Maslin, Bruce R., Morales, Matias, Morim, Marli Pires, Murphy, Daniel J., O'Donnell, Shawn A., Oliveira, Filipe Gomes, Oliveira, Ana Carla da Silva, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, Ribeiro, Petala Gomes, Ribeiro, Carolina Lima, Santos, Felipe da Silva, Seigler, David S., da Silva, Guilherme Sousa, Simon, Marcelo F., Soares, Marcos Vinicius Batista & Terra, Vanessa, 2024, Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification, PhytoKeys 240, pp. 1-552 : 1

Robrichia (Barneby & J.W. Grimes) A.R.M. Luz & E.R. Souza, Syst. Bot. 47: 274. 2022.

Figs 265 , 266 , 268 , 271

Enterolobium sect. Robrichia Barneby & J.W. Grimes, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 74(1): 249. 1996. Type: Enterolobium schomburgkii (Benth.) Benth. [≡ Pithecellobium schomburgkii Benth.]

Type.

Robrichia schomburgkii (Benth.) A.R.M. Luz & E.R. Souza [≡ Pithecellobium schomburgkii Benth.]

Description.

Trees 8-50 m high (Fig. 268B ); bark rugose, with lenticels, sometimes exfoliating in irregular layers. Stipules obovate to lanceolate-falcate, sericeous, fulvous, caducous. Leaves bipinnate, pubescent, fulvous (Fig. 265E ); leaf glands near the base of the petiole and sometimes between the pairs of pinnae; paraphyllidia present or absent; pinnae 10-30 pairs; leaflets 40-80 pairs, linear, asymmetrical. Inflorescence units homomorphic or heteromorphic capitula (Fig. 265F ), 2-5-fascicled in leaf axils or amongst the branches below the coeval leaves, in the heteromorphic ones the terminal flower is larger than the others, and the staminal tube is exerted. Flowers 5-merous; calyx gamosepalous, campanulate; corolla gamopetalous, campanulate, lobes triangular, fulvous villose; stamens numerous, the filaments basally united into a tube; pollen in 16, 28-celled polyads; ovary sessile, ovoid, fulvous villose. Fruits indehiscent, reniform auriculiform, sometimes twisted, laterally compressed, puberulent (Fig. 266F ). Seeds ovoid, ellipsoid or obovoid; pleurogram present.

Chromosome number.

Unknown.

Included species and geographic distribution.

Three species known to date, R. glaziovii (Benth.) A.R.M. Luz & E.R. Souza, R. oldemanii (Barneby & J.W. Grimes) A.R.M. Luz & E.R. Souza and R. schomburgkii ( Souza et al. 2022b), from the south of Mexico to Bolivia, to 1100 m elevation. Robrichia glaziovii is endemic to eastern Brazil ( Morim et al. 2020), R. oldemanii occurs in French Guiana and northern Brazil ( Fernandes 2023) and R. schomburgkii is present from the south of Mexico to Bolivia (Fig. 271 ).

Ecology.

Robrichia species are large trees extending to the rainforest canopy. Dulmen (2001) reported "small bees" as the pollinators of R. schomburgkii .

Etymology.

The name of this genus is composed of the initial parts of two names “Rob” and “Rich”, which Barneby and Grimes (1996) chose to commemorate the brothers Robert and Richard Schomburgk, German naturalists who sampled the Guyana flora in the 19th century.

Human uses.

In Brazilian Amazonia, Robrichia schomburgkii is used for civil and naval construction (Le Cointe 1947); in Oaxaca, Mexico this species is also used in teas to relieve stomach ache ( Mesquita 1990).

Notes.

Barneby and Grimes (1996) described Enterolobium sect. Robrichia to include three species of Enterolobium with similar morphology, E. glaziovii , E. oldemanii and E. schomburgkii . Molecular phylogenetic analysis with plastid and nuclear markers ( Souza et al. 2022b) and phylogenomic studies ( Ringelberg et al. 2022) do not support the monophyly of Enterolobium and resolved section Enterolobium Robrichia as sister to the tropical African genus Osodendron , both nested in the Inga clade ( Ringelberg et al. 2022).

Taxonomic references.

Barneby and Grimes (1996); Mesquita (1990); Morim et al. (2020); Souza et al. (2022b).

Figures

Figure 265. Foliage, inflorescence and fruits in Inga clade A, B Blanchetiodendron blanchetii (Benth.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes A flowering branch showing the capitate inflorescences clustered in efoliate pseudoracemes B detail of the heteromorphic capitate inflorescence C Leucochloron limae Barneby & J. W. Grimes leafless branch showing homomorphic capitate inflorescences and follicle fruits D Abarema diamantina E. Guerra, Iganci & M. P. Morim with axillary homomorphic capitate inflorescences E, F Robrichia schomburgkii (Benth.) A. R. M. Luz & E. R. Souza E young branch with the characteristic rusty pubescent indumentum F detail of a homomorphic capitate inflorescences G Osodendron altissimum (Hook. f.) E. J. M. Koenen detail of a homomorphic capitate inflorescence H, I Macrosamanea amplissima (Ducke) Barneby & J. W. Grimes H flowering branch with a homomorphic capitate inflorescence I bracts with showy extrafloral nectaries and visiting ants. Photo credit: A, B, D D Cardoso C GP Lewis E G Perez Huertas F F Oviedo-Brenes G E Bidaut H, I J Iganci.

Figure 266. Fruit diversity in Inga clade A young pod of Blanchetiodendron blanchetii (Benth.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes B, C Leucochloron incuriale (Vell.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes B dehisced follicular fruits exposing the seeds (C) D lomentiform fruit of Osodendron altissimum (Hook. f.) E. J. M. Koenen E indehiscent and internally septate pod of Osodendron leptophyllum (Harms) E. J. M. Koenen F auriculiform indehiscent pod of Robrichia schomburgkii (Benth.) A. R. M. Luz & E. R. Souza G young fruit of Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J. W. Grimes H dehisced twisted pod of Abarema diamantina E. Guerra, Iganci & M. P. Morim exposing the reddish endocarp and bicoloured seeds I dehisced follicle of Macrosamanea amplissima (Ducke) Barneby & J. W. Grimes J Young fruits of Zygia brenesii (Standl.) L. Rico K dehisced pods of Zygia cognata (Schltdl.) Britton & Rose L-O Indehiscent pods of Inga, with fleshy and sweety sarcotesta around the seeds L Inga grazielae (Vinha) T. D. Penn. M Inga capitata Desv. N Inga ingoides (Rich.) Willd. O Inga edulis Mart. Photo credits A, H LP Queiroz B NA Escobar C J Vieira D D Harris E P Latham, www. africanplants. senckenberg. de F LCampbell G, M, N RT Queiroz http: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / I J Iganci J F Chinchila Romero K S de Jesus Calva L, O D Cardoso.

Figure 268. Habitat and habit diversity in Inga clade A Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby & J. W. Grimes, arborescent shrub in sandy coastal scrub B Robrichia schomburgkii (Benth.) A. R. M. Luz & E. R. Souza, buttressed emergent tree in rainforests C Leucochloron incuriale (Vell.) Barneby & J. W. Grimes, tree with thick corky bark in semi-deciduous forests D Inga bifoliolata D. B. O. S. Cardoso & Amorim, scandent treelet of rainforest understory E Zygia juruana (Harms) L. Rico treelet of the Amazonian inundated forests (igapo) F Osodendron dinklagei (Harms) E. J. M. Koenen, giant tree from the Guinean forests in West tropical Africa. Photo credits A RT Queiroz https: // rubens-plantasdobrasil. blogspot. com / B G Perez Huertas C F Ventura D, E D Cardoso F W Hawthorne.

Figure 271. Distribution of Robrichia based on quality-controlled digitised herbarium records. See Suppl. material 1 for the source of occurrence data.