Tetragonoschema (Tetragonoschema) nanum Obenberger, 1922

Bílý, Svatopluk, 2012, A revision of the genera Anilaroides Théry, 1934, stat. nov. and Tetragonoschema Thomson, 1857 (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Anthaxiini), Zootaxa 3521, pp. 1-38 : 24-26

Tetragonoschema (Tetragonoschema) nanum Obenberger, 1922

( Figs. 15 , 49 , 65 )

Tetragonoschema nanum Obenberger, 1922: 71 . Type locality: Argentina, Cordoba.

Tetragonoschema nanum: Obenberger, 1930: 559 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1944: 315 (checklist); Théry, 1944: 19 (revision, key, redescription); Obenberger, 1947: 8 (new localities); Bellamy, 2008: 1520 (catalogue).

Tetragonoschema brasiliae Obenberger, 1922: 72 , syn. nov. Type locality: Brazil.

Tetragonoschema brasiliae: Obenberger, 1930: 559 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1944: 315 (checklist); Théry, 1944: 12 (revision, key, redescription); Bellamy, 2008: 1518 (catalogue).

Tetragonoschema medium Obenberger, 1922: 71 , syn. nov. Type locality: Paraguay, San Bernardino.

Tetragonoschema medium: Obenberger, 1930: 559 (catalogue); Blackwelder, 1944: 315 (checklist); Théry, 1944: 18 (revision, key, redescription); Obenberger, 1947: 7 (new distribution: Argentina); Bellamy, 2008: 1519 (catalogue).

Tetragonoschema pygmaeum Théry, 1944: 21 , syn. nov. Type locality: Argentina, Chaco, Prov. Cordoba, Santiago del Estero.

Tetragonoschema pygmaeum: Obenberger, 1947: 9 (new locality); Bellamy, 2008: 1520 (catalogue).

Tetragonoschema vicinum Théry, 1944: 24 , syn. nov. Type locality: Brazil, Prov. Goyaz, Jatahy.

Tetragonoschema vicinum: Bellamy, 2008: 1521 (catalogue).

Tetragonoschema tucumana Cobos, 1949: 9 , syn. nov. Type locality: Argentina, Guardamontes, Tucuman.

Tetragonoschema tucumanum: Bellamy, 2008: 1521 (catalogue).

Type specimens studied. T. nanum (number of syntypes unknown), lectotype ( Fig. 15 ), here designated (male, NMPC): “[ Argentina] Cordova [Cordoba] D. C. A. Dohrn 1874 // Typus [p, red] // Tetragonoschema nanum m. Type [h] Det. D r. Obenberger [p] // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. [p] 22823 [h] ”; T. brasiliae (number of syntypes unknown) lectotype ( Fig. 16 ) and paralectotype, here designated (male and female, NMPC): “ Brasilia [h] // Tetragonoschema brasiliae n. Type [h] Det. D r. Obenberger [p] // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. [p] 22821, 22822 [h] ” ; T. medium (number of syntypes unknown). lectotype ( Fig. 17 ), here designated (male, NMPC): “ Paraguay, San Bernandino [h] // Typus [p, red] // Tetragonoschema medium m. Type [p, red] Det. D r. Obenberger [p] // Mus. Nat. Pragae Inv. [p] 22824 [h]” ; T. pygmaeum (number of syntypes unknown), lectotype ( Fig. 18 ), here designated (male, MNHN): “Republique ARG ne, Chaco de Santiago del Estero [p] // pygmaeum Théry [h] Type [p]” ; syntype (male, MFCB): “ Argentina: Cordoba, W. M. Davis [p] // Tetragonoschema pygmaeum Théry [h] Paratype [p]” ; T. tucumana , holotype ( Fig. 20 ) by monotypy (female, MNCN): “ Guardamontes, Tucuman, Rep.[upblica] Arg.[entina], Golbach leg. [p] // Ejemplar dibujado 1950 [p] // Allotypo A. Cobos [p, red] // Tetragonoschema tucumanum nov. sp. Allotypus [h] // MNCN Cat. Typos [p] 7824 [h, red] // MNCN_Ent. N o. Cat. 65548 [p, blackframed]” ; T. vicinum (number of syntypes unknown), lectotype ( Fig. 19 ), here designated (male, MNHN): “Jatahy, Prov. Goyas, Brésil [p] // Tetragonoschema vicinum Théry [h] Type [p]”.

Further specimens studied. ARGENTINA. BUENOS AIRES: Pilar, x.1970, M. Viana leg. (1 male, 2 females, JEBC) ; CATAMARCA: Andalgaůa Desert Site, J. L. Neff leg. (2 males, NMPC; 2 males, CSCA) ; Belén, 7.xii.1970, A. Cobos leg. (6 males, MNCN) ; San Pablo, 712 m, malaise trap, 41°81ʹS 66°02ʹW, 24.x.–12.xi.2003, Irwin & Parker leg. (1 male, JEBC) ; xii.1961, M. Sculhute leg. (4 males, MNCN) ; CÓRDOBA: Calamuchita, El Sauce, xii.1938, Manuel J. Viana leg. (5 males, 1 female, JEBC; 5 males, 2 females, NMPC; 1 male, 1 female, NMNH) ; Cruz del Eje, 1.–11.ii.1999, J. E. Barriga leg. (14 males, 3 females, NMPC) ; Campo del Cielo, xi.1943, A. Martinez leg. (1 male, MNCN) ; Alta Gracia, iii.1959, J. Daguerre leg. (1 male, NMNH) ; Chepes 6 km E, 10.xii.1978, Woodruff, Runnancles & Cordo leg. (1 female, FSCA) ; ENTRE RIOS: Palmar, i.1974, M. Viana leg. (1 male, JEBC) ; Salto Grande, iv.1978, M. Viana leg. (1 male, JEBC) ; : La Paz, i.1974, M. Viana leg. (1 male, 1 female, JEBC) ; Villaguay, xi.1951, Kormilev leg. (3 males, 1 female, NMNH; 1 female, NMPC) ; Pronunciamiento, i.1963, R. Golbach leg. (2 males, 2 females, MNCN) ; Pronunciamiento, ii.1974, S. Bolle leg. (1 female, NMNH) ; FORMOSA: Gran Guardia, xi.1960, R. Golbach leg. (4 males, MNCN) ; Gran Guardia, xi.1962, local collector (30 males, 10 females, CSCA) ; La Pampa, Santa Rosa, 19.xi.1945, J. Daguerre leg., (1 female, NMNH) ; Mendoza, Lavalle, Telteca, 6.xi.–3.xii.1996, Flores-Roig leg. (2 males, 1 female, MDCS) ; Mendoza, Passo de los Gauchos, Rio Salado, xi.1961, J. Daguerre leg. (2 females, NMNH) ; Mendoza, Nueva Cormosa, xi.1944, J. Daguerre leg. (1 female, NMNH) ; LA RIOJA: Alparinche, 30.xi.2002, L. A. Stange leg. (7 males, 4 females, FSCA) ; Mascasin, xi.1962, R. Bolbach leg. (2 males, MNCN) ; Mascasin, xi.1967, local collector (7 males, 1 female, NMPC; 1 male, ISNB; 99 males, 36 females, CSCA) ; La Rioja, i.1936, M. J. Viana leg. (10 males, 7 females, JEBC; 1 male, NMPC) ; MISIONES: Conception, Sta María, M. J. Viana leg. (3 males, 1 female JEBC; 1 female, NMPC) ; Pindapoy, xi.1945, Martínez leg. (1 male, MNCN) ; San Juan, Difunta Correa, 6.xii.1999, G. Arriagada leg. on Opuntia flowers (5 males, MDCS) ; SALTA: El Alisal, 1989, M. Viana leg. (2 males, JEBC) ; Cafayate, 16.ii.1941, H. J. Molinari leg. (1 female, NMNH) ; SAN LUIS: Arizona 18 km S, 250m, 18.–23.i.1982, H. & A. Howden leg. (3 males, CLBC) ; SANTIAGO DEL ESTERO: Chaco, Le Moult coll. (1 male, 1 female, CLBC; 5 males, 4 females, ISNB) ; Chaco, Nakalle, ii.1978, M. Viana leg. (3 males, 1 female, JEBC) ; Chaco, coll. Ohnheiser (1 male, NMPC) ; Rio Salado, Wagner leg. (3 males, MNCN) ; Rio Salado (1 male, NMPC; 1 male, ISNB) ; Sierra Cordoba, 4.i.1938, S. J. Bridarolli leg. (1 female, NMNH) ; TUCUMÁN: Tafí Viejo, Rohner leg. (1 male, MNCN) ; xi.1946, R. Golbach leg. (1 female, NHMB). BOLIVIA. Lagunillas, xi.1917 (1 male, NMPC) ; San José de Chiquitos, ix.1926, Lind leg. (1 male, 1 female, ISNB) ; Santa Cruz, Cordillara, Tucuaca, 23.x.2001, Jose L. Aramayo leg. (4 males, FSCA) ; BRAZIL. RIO DE JANEIRO: Corcovado, iii.1948, Wygodzinski leg. (1 female, NHMB) ; Goyas, Jatahy (1 male, NMPC; 1 male, ISNB) ; PARAGUAY. ASSUNCION: no precise data (1 female, NMPC) ; BOQUÉRON: Enciso NP, 21°12ʹS 61°38ʹW, 257m, 9.–11.xii.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. (83 males, 46 females, NMPC; 21 males, 19 females, WBCW) ; Enciso NP, 5.xi.2001, 16.ix.2002, 24.ix.2004, M. Leponce leg. (3 males, NMPC) ; Estancia Maria Vicenta, 28.ix.2004, T. Delsinne leg. (1 male, NMPC) ; Filadelfia 40 km N, 22.–24.x.2009, Barries, Cate & Nagy leg. (293 males, 128 females, WBCW) ; Loma Plata, env., 22°23ʹS 59°50ʹW, 141m, 5.–15.xii.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. (6 males, 4 females, NMPC, WBCW) ; Loma Plata, env., 22°23ʹS 59°50ʹW, 141m, 19.–24.x.2009, Barries, Cate & Nagy leg. (99 males, 34 females, WBCW) ; Mariscal Estigarribia, 17.–19.i.1990, G. Arriagada leg. on Opuntia flowers (1 male, MDCS) ; GUAIRA: NP Yvytyruzu, 25°52ʹS 56°13ʹW, 336m, 25.–26.xi.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. (8 males, NMPC; 10 males, WBCW) ; ITAPÚA: Capitán Miranda env., 30.–31.x.2009, Barries, Cate & Nagy leg. (2 males, WBCW) ; Procosara, San Rafael NP, 1.–3.xi.2009, Barries, Cate & Nagy leg. (32 males, 4 females, WBCW; 2 males, MHCB) ; PARAGUARI: Hotel Gabriela, 20.–21.xi.2010, W. Barries leg. (1 female, WBCW) ; La Colmena, 25°52ʹS 56°47ʹW, 229m, 22.xi.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. leg. [yellow dishes] (21 males, 1 female, NMPC, WBCW) ; Naranjo, 25°32ʹS 57°03ʹW, 277m, 20.xi.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. (1 female, NMPC) ; Serro Acahay, 25°52ʹS 57°09ʹW, 212m, 22.xi.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. leg. [yellow dishes] (29 males, 7 females, NMPC, WBCW) ; PRESIDENTE HAYES: Los Pioneros, 10.x.2003, T. Delsinne leg. (1 male, NMPC) ; Loma Plata, 22°23ʹS 59°50ʹW, 141m, 5.–7.xii.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. [yellow dishes and Opuntia paraguayana flowers] (130 males, 73 females, NMPC, WBCW) ; Pozo Colorado env., 16.–18.x.2009, Barries, Cate & Nagy leg. (11 males, 4 females, WBCW; 1 male, 1 female, MHCB) ; ruta 9 km 344, 23°02ʹS 59°15ʹW, 116m, 5.xii.2010, Barries, Bílý & Cate leg. (12 males, 2 females, NMPC, 6 males, WBCW) ; Salazar, 105 m, 22º32ʹ17ʹ S 57º41ʹ16ʹ W, 13.i.2012, J. Moravec leg. (1 male, NMPC).

Diagnosis. The most common and widely distributed South American species; bronze or dark bronze, rather convex and lustrous; frons convex with short, white pubescence; pronotum rather convex, almost cordiform with rough sculpture without central granules; each elytron apically widely rounded; ventral surface of both sexes bronze; aedeagus short, widely spindle-shaped ( Fig. 65 ).

Length: 3.0– 4.6 mm.

Since the number of syntypes of T. nanum is unknown I hereby designate the male from MNHN as the lectotype of T. nanum Obenberger,1922 .

Since the number of syntypes of T. brasiliae , T. medium , T. pygmaeum and T. vicinum is also unknown and to avoid any confusion in the future I hereby designate the following lectotypes and paralectotypes: the male of T. brasiliae from NMPC as the lectotype and the female from NMPC as the paralectotype of T. brasiliae ; the male of T. medium from NMPC as the lectotype of T. medium ; the male of T. pygmaeum from MNHN as the lectotype and the male from MFCB as the paralectotype of T. pygmaeum ; the male of T. vicinum from MNHN as the lectotype of T. vicinum .

Having studied the type specimens of all species mentioned I conclude they are all conspecific, with T. (T.) nanum , T. (T.) brasiliae Obenberger, 1922 , T. (T.) medium Obenberger, 1922 , T. (T.) pygmaeum Théry, 1944 , T. (T.) vicinum Théry, 1944 and T. (T.) tucumanum Cobos, 1949 being junior synonyms of T. (T.) nanum Obenberger, 1922 . Types of all species mentioned above differ from each other only in size and in colouration which varies from nearly black to bright bronze. The holotype of T. (T.) tucumanum possesses distinctly longer pronotal and elytral pubescence.

Bionomy. A little is known about the bionomy of this common species. In Paraguay (Boquerón, Loma Plata) the larva developes in Acacia praecox (Fabaceae) and most probably also in other species of Acacia and related genera (personal observation). Although this species seems to be a typical inhabitant of dry, semidesert biotopes (Chaco), some specimens were collected also in the interior Atlantic forest ( Paraguay: Yvytyruzu, La Colmena, Naranjo). Adults are flower visitors with the preference for yellow flowers; namely yellow and orange flowers of Opuntia sp. ( Cactaceae ) which are very attractive to the adults of this species.

Sexual dimorphism. No dimorphism apparent except for the somewhat larger and stouter body of the female.

Distribution. Argentina, Bolivia (new country record), Brazil, Paraguay.

Figures

FIGURES 10 – 18. Historical types: 10 — Tetragonoschema cupreocingulatum Hoscheck, 1931, lectotype, 3.5 mm; 11 — T. darlingtoni Théry, 1944, lectotype, 3.6 mm; 12 — T. fossicollis Kerremans, 1900, lectotype, 3.1 mm; 13 — T. pujoli Théry, 1944, holotype, 3.5 mm; 14 — T. humeralis Waterhouse, 1882, lectotype, 4.0 mm; 15 — T. nanum Obenberger, 1922, lectotype, 3.2 mm; 16 — T. brasiliae Obenberger, 1922, lectotype, 3.3 mm; 17 — T. medium Obenberger, 1922, lectotype, 3.8 mm; 18 — T. pygmaeum Théry, 1944, lectotype, 3.5 mm.

FIGURES 46 – 54. Habitus: 46 — Tetragonoschema (T.) darlingtoni Théry, 1944, male, 3.8 mm (Venezuela, Barquisimento); 47 — T. (T.) fossicolle Kerremans, 1900, female, 3.5 mm (Brasil, Jatahy); 48 — T. (T.) humerale Waterhouse, 1882, female, 5.0 mm (Mexico, Aguacero); 49 — T. (T.) nanum Obenberger, 1922, male, 4.4 mm (Paraguay, Loma Plata); 50 — T. (T.) purpurascens Kerremans, 1897, female, 4.3 mm (Argentina, Loreto); 51 — T. (T.) rubromarginatum Théry, 1944, male, 6.0 mm (Argentina, La Rioja); 52 — T. (T.) strandi Obenberger, 1924, female, 5.3 mm (Argentina, Tucumán); 53 — T. (T.) undatum (Steinheil, 1874), female, 4.6 mm (Paraguay, Loma Plata); 54 — Chrysomelidae (Clytrinae) sp., possible model in the mimetic complex including some species of Tetragonoschema.

FIGURES 64 – 71. Aedeagi: 64 – Tetragonoschema (T.) aeneum Kerremans, 1899 (Paraguay, Serro Acahay); 65 – T. (T.) nanum Obenberger, 1922 (lectotype); 66 – T. (T.) undatum (Steinheil, 1874) (holotype); 67 – Anilaroides brasiliensis (Kerremans, 1897) (lectotype); 68 — T. (T.) alvarengai Cobos, 1972 (paratype); 69 — T. (T.) darlingtoni Théry, 1944 (lectotype); 70 — T. (T.) quadratum (Buquet, 1841) (lectotype); 71 — T. (T.) purpurascens Kerremans, 1897 (Paraguay, San Pedro).

FIGURES 19 – 27. Historical types: 19 — Tetragonoschema vicinum Théry, 1944, lectotype, 3.9 mm; 20 — T. tucumana Cobos, 1949, holotype, 3.3 mm; 21 — T. purpurascens Kerremans, 1897, lectotype, 4.3 mm; 22 — T. latum Théry, 1944, holotype, 5.0 mm; 23 — T. missionarium Obenberger, 1947, lectotype, 4.7 mm; 24 — Anthaxia quadrata Buquet, 1841, lectotype, 4.1 mm; 25 — T. rubromarginatum Théry, 1944, lectotype, 5.5 mm; 26 — T. strandi Obenberger, 1924, lectotype, 5.0 mm; 27 — T. albopilosa Hoscheck, 1931, lectotype, 4.3 mm.