Gymnopus trabzonensis Vizzini, Antonin, E. Sesli & Contu, 2015

Vizzini, Alfredo, Antonín, Vladimír, Sesli, Ertugrul & Contu, Marco, 2015, Gymnopus trabzonensis sp. nov. (Omphalotaceae) and Tricholoma virgatum var. fulvoumbonatum var. nov. (Tricholomataceae), two new white-spored agarics from Turkey, Phytotaxa 226 (2), pp. 119-130 : 122-127

Gymnopus trabzonensis Vizzini, Antonin, E. Sesli & Contu , sp. nov. ( FIGURES 3–5 )

MycoBank MB 812590

Diagnosis:—It is distinguished from phylogenetically closest species, Gymnopus barbipes R.H. Petersen & K.W. Hughes by fruiting on soil (not on deciduous leaf litter, bark or wood only), well-differentiated pleuro- and cheilocystidia, strong cabbage-like odour, caramel, salmon to flesh pileus colour, larger basidiomata, and different ITS sequence. It grows on calcareous soils and is only known from Euro-Siberian Phytogeographical Region (Trabzon-Turkey).

Type:— TURKEY, Trabzon, Sögütlü, Fatih Egitim Faculty campus, 41°00´35.52´´ N – 39°36´34.72´´ E, 41 m alt., 19 September 2014, E. Sesli, KATO! Fungi 3375 (Holotype). (Isotype: BRNM 766821).

Etymology:—From Trabzon, one of the provinces of Turkey.

Basidiomata marasmioid or collybioid. Pileus 20‒40(‒50) mm broad, hemispherical to convex when young, irregularly applanate when mature, with a brick reddish to brown broad umbo, that is sometimes slightly umbilicate, surface typically striate towards to margin, brightly coloured especially when wet, caramel, salmon to flesh or slightly reddish brown, darker at the centre, dirty whitish from place to place, especially when drying, flesh thin. Lamellae adnexed to free, shallow, thin, subdistant, flesh-brown to pinkish white when moist, pale cream on drying. Stipe 20‒40 × 2‒5 mm, cylindrical to conic, hollow with enlarged apex and tapering towards the base, sometimes twisted, tough, elastic, surface smooth to slightly pruinose, reddish brown, basal mycelium (rhizoids) greyish white, context whitish, thin. Odour typically and strongly cabbage like. Taste indistinct. Spore print cream.

Basidiospores (4.75‒)5.0‒6.0(‒6.5) × 2.75‒3.5(‒4.0) μm (without apiculus), average 5.55 × 3.17 μm, E = 1.53‒ 2.01, Q = 1.66‒1.85, ellipsoid, ellipsoid-fusoid, sublacrymoid, thin-walled, non-dextrinoid. Basidia 22‒28(‒33) × 5.0‒7.0 μm, 4-spored, clavate or subcylindrical, sometimes subcapitate. Basidioles 14‒30 × 2.5‒6.5 μm, narrowly clavate, subfusoid, subcylindrical or subcapitate. Cheilocystidia variable in shape, 20‒32 × 4.0‒7.5 μm, cylindrical, fusoid, clavate, sometimes rostrate or with apical projection(s), often irregular, thin-walled. Pleurocystidia similar to cheilocystidia. Hyphae of hymenophoral trama cylindrical, rarely subinflated, thin- to slightly thick-walled, non-dextrinoid, 3.0‒10 μm wide. Pileipellis a cutis composed of cylindrical, thin- to slightly thick-walled, smooth or minutely incrusted, 3.0‒10 μm wide hyphae, terminal cells adpressed to suberect, sometimes with almost pileocystidioid character, cylindrical, clavate, fusoid, sometimes (sub-)rostrate, thin- to slightly thick-walled, 4.0‒12 μm wide. Stipitipellis a cutis of cylindrical, parallel, slightly thick-walled, smooth, non-dextrinoid, 2.5‒6.0 μm wide hyphae. Caulocystidia 17‒78 × 5.0‒7.5 μm, cylindrical, subfusoid or almost subulate, often moniliform, subcapitate or capitate, irregular, sometimes branched, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Clamp-connections present in all tissues.

Habit, habitat and distribution:— Fruiting on soil among leaf litter, gregarious to caespitose, under Sequoia sempervirens (Lambert) Endlicher in parks, autumn, known only from Turkey so far.

Additional collections examined:— Turkey, Trabzon, Sögütlü, Fatih Egitim Faculty campus (41°00´35.52´´ N - 39°36´34.72´´ E), 41 m high from the Black Sea, 23 Sept. 2014, leg. E. Sesli, paratypes, KATO Fungi 3415, BRNM 766822.

Tricholoma virgatum (Fr.) P. Kumm. var. fulvoumbonatum E. Sesli, Contu & Vizzini , var. nov. ( FIGURES 6‒7 ) MycoBank MB 812591

Diagnosis:—It is distinguished from the typical variety by a dirty white to ash white pileus with a reddish brown acute umbo and by mostly 1‒2-spored basidia with very long sterigmata.

Type:— TURKEY, Trabzon, Maçka, 40°39´55.73´´ N – 39°25´22.88´´ E, 1910 m alt., 16 September 2014, E. Sesli, KATO! Fungi 3350 (Holotype).

Etymology:—The epithet refers to the reddish brown pileal umbo.

Pileus 40–85 mm broad, conical to convex when young, later obtusely conical with a long reddish brown acute umbo, surface dirty white to ash white, or slightly greyish white, somewhat silvery, reddish around the umbo. Margin irregularly undulating or splitted and not incurved. Lamellae adnate to emarginate or notched, subdistant, concolorous with the pileus or whitish, sparse to medium spaced. Stipe 40‒70 × 6‒15 mm, cylindrical, white or concolorous with the pileus surface, solid, fibrous, sometimes twisted and slightly reddish brown towards the base. Context white, thin. Taste strongly bitter. Odour indistinct.

Basidiospores (6‒)7‒8(‒10) × (4.5‒)5.5‒6(‒6.5) μm, average 7.1 × 5.6 μm, N = 30, Q = 1.2‒1.4, ellipsoid, hyaline, smooth, mostly with numerous drops (sometimes with a single large drop), thin walled, with apiculus. Basidia 35‒45 × 8.5‒10 μm, clavate, 1-, 2- and 4-spored (mostly 2-spored), sterigmata up to 10 μm long, 35‒45 × 8.5‒10 μm. Basidioles 25‒30 × 5‒7 μm. Hymenial cystidia polymorphic, cylindric to clavate, ellipsoid, inflated, sometimes bottleshaped, 25‒45(‒50) × 11‒18 μm. Trama hyphae cylindrical, inflated, thin- to slightly thick-walled. Pileipellis a cutis consisting of parallel hyphae, 5‒10 μm across, uppermost layer gelatinized. Clamp-connections absent.

Habit, habitat and distribution:— Fruiting on soil between leaf litters, gregarious, under Picea orientalis L., autumn, known only from Turkey so far.

Additional collections examined:— Tricholoma virgatum var. virgatum : Turkey, Trabzon, Akçaabat, Hidirnebi (40°56´58.62´´ N – 39°25´06.46´´ E), 1513 m alt., 10 October 2010, leg. E. Sesli, KATO Fungi 2998.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Gymnopus trabzonensis: a. Basidiomata in situ, b. Basidiomata during drying (a–b = Sesli 3415 paratypes), c–d. Mature basidiomata (Sesli 3375—holotype). Scale bars = 30 mm. Photos by E. Sesli.

FIGURE 4. Gymnopus trabzonensis: a.Basidia and basidioles (in ammoniacal Congo red), b–c. Basidiospores (b in water,c in ammoniacal Congo red, all from Sesli 3375—holotype). Scale bars: a–c = 10 μm. Photos by E. Sesli.

FIGURE 5. Gymnopus trabzonensis: a. Elements of the pileus covering, b–e and i. Cheilo—and pleurocystidia, f–h. Caulocystidia (all from Sesli 3375—holotype—in ammoniacal Congo red). Scale bars: a = 20 μm, b─i= 10 μm. Photos by E. Sesli.

FIGURE 6. Tricholoma virgatum var. fulvoumbonatum: a. Basidiomata in situ, b. Basidiomata during drying (a–b= Sesli 3350—holotype), c. Basidia, d–g. basidia, basidioles and cystidia (all from Sesli 3350—holotype—in ammoniacal Congo red). Scale bars: a–b = 30 mm, c–g = 10 μm. Photos by E. Sesli.

FIGURE 7. Tricholoma virgatum var. fulvoumbonatum: a─b. Elements of the pileus covering, c, d, f. Basidiospores, e. Cystidia, basidium and basidioles (all from Sesli 3350—holotype—in ammoniacal Congo red). Scale bars: a, b, e = 20 μm, c, d, f = 10 μm. Photos by E. Sesli.