Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi (H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck , 1973)

Aspoeck, Horst & Aspoeck, Ulrike, 2023, The snakeflies of the Mediterranean islands: review and biogeographical analysis (Neuropterida, Raphidioptera), Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 70 (1), pp. 175-218 : 175

Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi (H. Aspoeck & U. Aspoeck, 1973)

Raphidia (Magnoraphidia) flammi H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1973 (odescr): H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon).

Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi (H. Aspöck & U. Aspöck, 1973): H. Aspöck et al. 1989 (biogeogr, distr); H. Aspöck et al. 1991 (mon); Popov 1992 (biogeogr); H. Aspöck and Hölzel 1996 (distr); H. Aspöck et al. 2001 (anncat); H. Aspöck 2012 (cat); H. Aspöck and U. Aspöck 2013 (cat, etymol), 2014 (cat).

Taxonomy.

H. Aspöck et al. (1991). Ph. (M.) flammi (Fig. 3h ) forms together with Ph. (M.) horticola , Ph. (M.) robusta , and Ph. (M.) wewalkai a group of closely related species within the major complex. These species can be differentiated only by characters of the genitalia, which is usually an easy task. However, on the island of Euboea where two of the Subilla three species - Ph. (M.) flammi and Ph. (M.) wewalkai - occur in a small area around the village of Seta in the Dirphys mountains intermediate individuals between Ph. flammi and Ph. wewalkai can be found, which we interpret as hybrids between the two species. On all other places on Euboea as well as on the continent the populations are homogenous.

Biology and ecology.

Larvae (probably exclusively) corticolous on a great variety of deciduous trees and conifers in altitudes of 100 m (Skopelos) to 1100 m (Euboea). Development two to Subilla three (or more) years. Last hibernating stage: full-grown larva. Adults: V-VI.

Records on Mediterranean islands

(Fig. 9a ). Skopelos, Euboea.

Continental distribution.

Confined to a small part of Greece (Sterea Ellas: Othrys, Pilion mountains).

Biogeography.

Extremely stationary, monocentric Balkanopontomediterranean faunal element with several isolated populations confined to single mountain ranges.

Figures

Figure 3. a. Ornatoraphidia flavilabris, larva. Italy, Calabria, Sila Grande. Foto: F. Anderle, now Denner; b. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♂. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; c. Phaeostigma (Graecoraphidia) d. divina, ♀. Greece, Viotia, Parnassos. Foto: P. Sehnal; d. Phaeostigma (Crassoraphidia) cyprica, ♂. Cyprus, Troodos Mountain. Foto: H. Aspoeck; e. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, ♂. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; f. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major; ♀. Lower Austria, Duernstein. Foto: H. Bruckner; g. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, larva. Lower Austria, Eichkogel near Moedling. Foto: H. Bruckner; h. Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) flammi, larva. Greece, Pilion. Foto: H. Bruckner.

Figure 9. a. Records of Ornatoraphidia christianodagmara, Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) major, Ph. (M.) flammi, Ph. (Pontoraphidia) setulosa aegea, and of Ph. (Superboraphidia) minois, on Mediterranean islands; b. Records of Phaeostigma (Grecoraphidia) divina retsinata, and of species of Aegeoraphidia, Ph. (Aegeoraphidia) raddai, Ph. (Ae.) prophetica, Ph. (Ae.) karpathana, and of Ph. (Ae.) biroi, on Mediterranean islands.