Leionema, (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson

Duretto, Marco F., Heslewood, Margaret M. & Bayly, Michael J., 2023, Generic and infrageneric limits of Phebalium and its allies (Rutaceae: Zanthoxyloideae), Australian Systematic Botany 36 (2), pp. 107-142 : 133-134

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1071/SB22018

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10988430

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/865587A8-FFF6-FFA8-FFFA-888C6A9AFBD6

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Leionema
status

 

Leionema View in CoL

Leionema View in CoL is monophyletic with robust support (Clade 10: 1.00 PP, 100% JK; Fig. 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , S 1 View Fig , S 2 View Fig ; 27 of 28 species and all 8 subspecies represented). The only species not represented in this study is L. elatius (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson (NE NSW) View in CoL . That species was recently revised by Telford and Bruhl (2020), who determined that the two subspecies previously recognised (see Wilson 1998 b, 2013 a) each warrant specific rank and that the typical form is a narrow endemic, in contrast to how it had been treated previously. Most material previously assigned to L. elatius subsp. elatius View in CoL is now included in the more widespread L. beckleri (F.Muell.) I.Telford & J.J.Bruhl. Wilson (1970 View in CoL , 1998 b) noted that the relationship of Leionema View in CoL to other genera in tribe Boronieae is not clear; however he did indicate that it has no close affinity to Phebalium sens. strict., Rhadinothamnus View in CoL or Nematolepis View in CoL , a statement supported by this study. Leionema View in CoL , like Diplolaena View in CoL , Correa View in CoL and Myrtopsis View in CoL , is indisputably part of the Eriostemon View in CoL Group but has no clearly identifiable close relatives.

Relationships within Leionema View in CoL have some strong to robust support in all analyses. Leionema ellipticum (NE Qld) View in CoL is sister to a robust clade (1.00 PP, 100% JK) containing the remaining species, confirming the results of Mole et al. (2004). Within this later clade, L. nudum View in CoL ( New Zealand) is sister to strongly supported clade (1.00 PP, 99% JK) containing all remaining taxa ( SE Aust., including Tas.). Within the south-eastern Australian clade, there are a number of species groups. These include the following: (1) a South Australian clade (1.00 PP, 100% JK) containing all three species found in that state, namely, L. equestre (D.A.Cooke) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , L. hillebrandii (J.H.Willis) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL and L. microphyllum (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL (also in W Vic.); (2) a Tasmanian clade (1.00 PP, 87% JK) containing both Tasmanian endemic species L. montanum (Hook.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL and L. oldfieldii (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , a relationship noted by Wilson (1970), which was not retrieved in the nuclear analyses; (3) a clade containing L. ceratogynum N.G.Walsh View in CoL , L. diosmeum (A.Juss.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , L. lachnaeoides (A.Cunn.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , L. phylicifolium (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , and L. coxii (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL (1.00 PP, 82% JK; L. coxii View in CoL is not part of this clade in the nuclear analyses); and (4) all four subspecies of L. bilobum (Lindl.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL (3 Vic., 1 Tas.) (1.00 PP, 100% JK). The remaining species group with these clades and other species with mixed support. Most species of Leionema View in CoL were monophyletic where multiply sampled, although there is some paraphyly, which indicates that further investigation is needed of the circumscription of L. lamprophyllum (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL and the relationships of its subspecies with both L. beckleri View in CoL and L. praetermissum P.R.Alvarez & Duretto. View in CoL

Leionema ellipticum View in CoL was first collected in 1991 from a mountain top in the Humid Wet Tropics of north-eastern Queensland, an area rich in endemics and taxa with significant phylogenetic isolation and varied geographic connectivity. Wilson (1998 b), when describing L. ellipticum View in CoL , noted that it differed from all other species in the genus by having minutely apiculate anthers that are bluntly mucronulate (v. retuse) and a grooved disc or gynophore divided into 10 parts (v. entire), and suggested that it may not be correctly placed in the genus and may warrant a genus of its own. Mole et al. (2004) considered that L. ellipticum View in CoL could be placed in either a monotypic genus or a new section of Leionema View in CoL . Wilson (1998 b) and Mole et al. (2004) are correct; the isolated position of L. ellipticum View in CoL is confirmed and so warrants taxonomic recognition, either as a monotypic genus or a monotypic infrageneric taxon within Leionema View in CoL . Morphologically the species is similar to the remainder of the genus and this relationship is supported by the predominance of the coumarin osthol in both L. ellipticum View in CoL and many other species of Leionema ( Halstead et al. 2005) View in CoL . To reflect the phylogenetic signal, a new monotypic section is formally described here to accommodate the species (see Taxonomy below).

Wilson (1970) indicated that although Leionema nudum View in CoL ( New Zealand) showed no close affinity to other species in Leionema (E Aust.) View in CoL , it clearly belonged in the genus. No obvious morphological apomorphies can be discerned for the remaining species in the south-eastern Australian clade to distinguish them from L. nudum View in CoL . Within the south-eastern Australian clade, there are some species groups (see above) but most of the other species do not fall into groups, and the groups themselves are not always easy to define morphologically. In NSW, there are several species that have pendent flowers ( L. carruthersii (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , L. ralstonii (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , L. sympetalum (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL , L. viridiflorum (Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson View in CoL ), a character shared with some species in other genera (e.g. Correa View in CoL and Diplolaena View in CoL ), but only L. ralstonii View in CoL and L. viridiflorum View in CoL group together (see also discussion below under Pollination). No formal taxonomic groups will be recognised within the typical section of Leionema View in CoL .

S

Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History

W

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien

NSW

Royal Botanic Gardens, National Herbarium of New South Wales

Kingdom

Plantae

Phylum

Tracheophyta

Class

Magnoliopsida

Order

Sapindales

Family

Rutaceae

SubFamily

Zanthoxyloideae

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