Sclerotia Ballantyne

Ballantyne, Lesley A., Lambkin, Christine L., Luan, Xin, Boontop, Yuvarin, Nak-Eiam, Sorasak, Pimpasalee, Suttisan, Silalom, Sommyot & Thancharoen, Anchana, 2016, Further studies on south eastern Asian Luciolinae: 1. Sclerotia Ballantyne, a new genus of fireflies with back swimming larvae 2. Triangulara Pimpasalee, a new genus from Thailand (Coleoptera: Lampyridae), Zootaxa 4170 (2), pp. 201-249 : 214

Key to species of Sclerotia Ballantyne gen. nov. using males

1. Dorsal colour pattern highly coloured; elytra either moderately dark brown with paler suture and lateral margins ( Figs 17 , 39, 42, 43 ), or elytra appearing striped due to dark brown base colour with paler interstitial lines ( Figs 25 , 74 ); pronotum pale yellowish brown often with darker median markings; median anterior margin of sheath tergite emarginated.................2

- Dorsal colour pattern pale greyish or yellowish brown, often with elytral apices bearing a small darker apical patch (e.g. Figs 19, 21, 23, 27, 28 ); pronotum without darker markings; median anterior margin of sheath tergite either emarginated (e.g. Fig. 31 “6”) or prolonged (e.g. Figs 33−35 “D”).................................................................4

2. Elytra striped ( Fig. 25 ); pronotum with 2 median dark markings; median posterior margin of sheath sternite not emarginated, with short pointed projection at posterolateral right ( Figs 74, 77 ).................................. carinata (Gorham)

- Elytra not striped; pronotum clear yellow without median dark markings; median posterior margin of sheath sternite emarginated, without any projections along posterior margin.......................................................... 3

3. Elytra very dark brown ( Figs 42, 43 ).................................................... aquatilis Indian variety

- Elytra paler brown especially in middle with bases and apices darker than rest ( Fig. 39 )............ aquatilis (Thancharoen)

4. Median anterior margin of aedeagal sheath tergite emarginated ( Figs 31 “6”, 101).................................. 5

- Median anterior margin of sheath tergite prolonged ( Figs 33−35 “D”, 91, 126)..................................... 6

5. Posterior margin of sheath sternite asymmetrical, with wide rounded prolongation to the right, separated by a shallow emargination from a very short narrow apically pointed projection on the left side (Figs, 30 “5”, 111)............. seriata (Olivier)

- Posterior margin of sheath sternite symmetrical, without further projections ( Fig. 102 )....................... fui sp. nov.

6. Median anterior prolongation of sheath tergite thick, apically rounded ( Fig. 126 ); posterior margin of sheath sternite not medially emarginated; right side of posterior margin of sheath sternite with elongate slender pointed projection which may incline to right or left......................................................................... substriata (Gorham)

- Median anterior margin of sheath tergite thin, apically acute; posterior margin of sheath sternite either medially emarginated, or emarginated on posterior left with right half of posterior margin broadly rounded ( Figs 33−35 “D”, 92)............... 7

7. Posterior margin of sheath sternite with shallow median emargination margined laterally by short pointed projections ( Fig. 92 )........................................................................................ .. flavida (Hope)

- Posterior margin of sheath sternite without median emargination, with right side emarginated and left side broadly rounded ( Fig. 32 “C”)........................................................................... brahmina (Olivier)

Figures

FIGURES 17 − 28. Sclerotia gen. nov. spp. males. 17, 18 Scl. aquatilis. 19, 20 Luciola cingulata type male (MCSN). 21, 22 Luciola brahmina type male (MNHN). 23, 24 Luciola seriata holotype male (MCSN). 25, 26 Scl. carinata male (SAMA). 27, 28 Scl. fui sp. nov. paratype males (NHMHAU). 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 28 dorsal; 18, 20, 22, 24, 26 ventral. Specimens are not to scale and are assembled to allow comparison of elytral and abdominal features.

FIGURES 39 − 44. Scl. aquatilis males and female (41). 39, 40 Thailand (ANIC); 42 − 44 India (ANIC). 39, 42, 53 dorsal; 40, 41, 44 ventral. Scale lines are 1 mm.

FIGURES 74 − 85. Scl. carinata males and female (76). 74, 76 dorsal (76 anterior half of body only); 77 aedeagal sheath ventral; 78 − 80 tergite 8 with sclerites (78, 80 dorsal, 79 ventral; posterior left margin of 79, 80 incomplete); 81, 82 abdomen ventral (81) and right lateral (82); 83 − 85 aedeagus 83 ventral; 84 dorsal; 85 left lateral. Scale lines are 1 mm. These figures share scale lines: 74, 75; 78 − 80; 83, 85.

FIGURES 29 − 31. Scl. seriata holotype male, aedeagal sheath, sclerites and tergite 8. 29 right side from slightly below; 30 ventral; 31 dorsal. Scale lines are 1 mm. Figure legend: 1 right sclerite; 2 left sclerite; 3 ventral sclerite; 4 aedeagal sheath; 5 emargination posterior margin aedeagal sheath sternite; 6 emargination anterior margin aedeagal sheath tergite.

FIGURES 32 − 38. Scl. brahmina aedeagal sheath (32 − 36) and aedeagus (36 − 38). 32, 37 ventral; 33, 36, 38 dorsal (36 with aedeagus still within sheath); 34 left lateral; 35 right lateral. Scale lines are 1 mm. Figure legend: A junction right tergite arm and sternite; B junction left tergite arm and sternite; C emargination posterior margin sternite; D prolongation anterior margin tergite; E posterior margin BP; F anterior margin ML; G anterior margin dorsal surface base LL; H attachment of median lobe on inner surface of base of lateral lobes.

FIGURES 101 − 110. Scl. fui sp. nov. paratype males. 101, 102 aedeagal sheath dorsal (101, tergite emargination arrowed) and ventral (102 arrows indicate extent of oblique bar on sternite); 103 ventral tergite 8 with right and left sclerites; 104 − 106 left sclerite with hollowed anterior projection inclining left towards foot of page (104), right of page (105) and inclining right towards foot of page (106); 107 ventral sclerite anterior margin to foot of page; 108 − 110 aedeagus left ventrolateral (108), left lateral (109) and slightly dorsolateral (110). Scale lines are 1 mm. These figures share scale lines: 101, 102; 104 − 106; 108, 110.

FIGURES 119 − 130. Luciola cingulata syntype male (MCSN). 119 dorsal; 120 ventral terminal abdomen; 121, 126, 127 aedeagal sheath 121 detail apex sternite and tergite, 126 dorsal, prolongation of tergite arrowed, 127 ventral; 122 specimen labels; 123 − 125 aedeagus ventral (123), dorsal (124) and left lateral; 128 ventral tergite 8 with right and left sclerites; 12 9 detail left sclerite anterior margin to right of page; 130 right sclerite anterior end to right of page. Scale lines are 1 mm. These figures share scale lines: 123 − 125; 126, 127; 128, 139.

FIGURES 86 − 92. Luciola flavida holotype male (NMHL). 86, 87 dorsal and ventrolateral; 88 aedeagus dorsal; 89 ventral sclerite posterior margin to right; 90 tergite 8 ventral, with posterior margin of aedeagal sheath and left and right sclerites (anterior hollowed projection of both arrowed); 91, 92 tergite 8 aedeagal sheath and all sclerites, dorsal (91 with tergite prolongation arrowed), and ventral (92).