Cyphocoleus fasciatus, Liebherr, 2016

Liebherr, James K., 2016, Cyphocoleus Chaudoir (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Odacanthini): descriptive taxonomy, phylogenetic relationships, and the Cenozoic history of New Caledonia, Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 63 (2), pp. 211-270 : 240-244

13. Cyphocoleus fasciatus sp. n. Figures 80 , 90 , 104 , 106 , 113

Diagnosis.

This species (Fig. 104 ) comprises beetles of largest body size - standardized body length 8.1-8.9 mm - among those species characterized by orbicular pronota and broadly ovate, inflated elytra (Figs 121-125 , 161-164 ). Indeed, Cyphocoleus fasciatus is the adelphotaxon to those taxa (Figs 44 - 46 ). Additionally, individuals of Cyphocoleus fasciatus exhibit legs with banded femora, their smoky piceous basal halves and subapical band contrasted to flavous bands in the apical half and at the apex (Fig. 104 ). The pronotal disc is distinctly transversely wrinkled, with longitudinal parasagittal impressions defining a central disc and lateral flanges extended to the lateral marginal bead. As in the three preceding species - Cyphocoleus mirabilis , Cyphocoleus moorei , and Cyphocoleus lescheni (e.g. Fig. 100 ) - individuals of this species are capable of developing a very thick environmental patina that obscures their dorsal body surface under deep, anastomosing layers of debris derived from leaf litter and humus. In keeping with those species, and indicative of a proximal phylogenetic relationship, the lateral marginal ridge of the pronotum terminates posteriorly in a projection: in this species a stout, obtuse tooth.

Description

(n = 5). Head capsule broad, stout, genae parallel behind convex, pop-eyed compound eyes; neck constriction broad, moderately deep dorsally but not evidenced laterally; ocular ratio 1.39-1.45, eyes with 20 ommatidia across horizontal diameter; frons medially rugose between eyes, frontal grooves distinctly doubled, the deep canaliculi separated by a distinct rounded ridge, groove convergent to frontoclypeal suture; supraorbital setae absent; mandibles moderately elongate, length 2.1 × distance from antennal articulatory socket to anterolateral margin of labrum; antennae elongate, scape length 2.9 × maximal breadth; gena setose, subge nal seta present. Pronotum orbicular, front angles briefly but acutely projected; lateral marginal bead subcarinate, elevated, terminated posteriorly in blunt, obtuse tooth that continues medially as a diminished basal marginal bead, though median base not margined; pronotal base constricted, set off from disc by median and two oblique lateral depressions; median longitudinal impression deep, moderately broad, undulated longitudinally with transverse wrinkles of disc not all aligned across impression; anterior transverse impression represented by an oblique series of longitudinal depressions that extend anterad at their ends as two to three longitudinal canaliculi crossing the anterior callosity; two linear parasagittal impressions present, these grooves extended from basal tooth ¾ pronotal length toward front angles; pronotal flanges laterad parasagittal impressions irregularly wrinkled, surface smoother than median pronotal disc; proepipleuron and proepisternum bulging outward, visible in dorsal view; proepisternum irregularly and obliquely wrinkled, the wrinkles oriented more or less longitudinally; prosternum rugose, the surface with deep, irregular wrinkles that are most distinct near anterior margin; prosternal process distinctly margined anteriorly by ridges surrounding procoxal cavities, broadly medially depressed on ventral face, narrowly carinate dorsally on posterior face. Elytra ovoid, disc elevated relative to depressed lateral margins, appearing somewhat cordate due to basal elevation of third to seventh intervals versus depressed scutellum and parascutellar interval; parascutellar seta present, situated at base of sutural interval, elevated on papillate articulatory socket; basal groove broadly rounded laterad depressed and inflexed scutellum; sutural, and elytral intervals 2, 4, and 6 moderately convex on disc, intervals 3, 5, and 7 elevated, subcarinate basally, the intervals broader where they are more convex; dorsal elytral setae absent; lateral elytral setae arranged as 6 + 7; subapical elytral seta present, apical seta absent; subapical sinuation well developed, concavity near lateral margin of sinuation extended ventrad to subangulately meet lateral margin, thus apical elytral margin not elevated inside sinuation; elytral apices broader rounded, separated by inflexed margin adjacent to fused suture. Mesepisternum impunctate, metepisternal dorsal length 0.9 × diagonal width; metasternum with deep, laterally ovoid median fossa at base of metasternal process. Abdomen with broad, shallow medial concavity at apex of apical ventrite in both males and females; males with one seta each side of apical ventrite, females with two setae. Legs elongate, gracile; metacoxae bisetose; mt1 length/tibial length = 0.27; mt4 length to apex of outer lobe 2.33 × median tarsomere length, 3-4 ventrolateral setae each side. Microsculpture of head stretched isodiametric mesh, visible over portions of vertex, microsculpture obscured in rugose area of frons and in frontal grooves; pronotal disc glossy, indistinct sculpticells traceable only in deepest portions of wrinkles; elytral disc glossy, obsolete transverse lines visible over portions of apex; sparsely distributed pelage of short microsetae visible on head capsule, prothorax, meso- and metasternum, and coxae; elytra with pelage of microsetae arranged in mediolongitudinal series along elytral intervals; legs sparsely covered with very short, fine microsetae in addition to the larger fixed setae, these short setae also arranged in irregular longitudinal series on the dorsal surfaces of tibiae and tarsomeres. Coloration (specimen clear of environmental patina is teneral; Fig. 104 ) generally piceous on head capsule, prothorax, elytra, and meso- and metathorax; elytral epipleura narrowly dark rufous dorsally; abdominal ventrites rufopiceous, apical ventrite rufoflavous marginally; femora with distinct flavous bands in apical half and at apex that contrast greatly with the piceous coxae, dark rufous trochanters, and smoky brunneous tibiae and tarsi.

Male genitalia (n = 2). Male aedeagal median lobe robust basally, broadly parallel sided in basal half, evenly tapered in distal half to extremely elongate, curved, proboscis-like apex, dorsoventral breadth at midlength 0.16 × distance from tip to base of closed basal bulb (Fig. 90 ); lobe apex extended beyond ostial opening in a broad curve, tip tightly rounded, dorsoventral breadth at midlength of apical extension 0.13 × distance from distal margin of ostial opening to tip; sac with microtrichia, but without any heavily sclerotized structures.

Female reproductive tract (n = 1). Bursa copulatrix vase-shaped, basally stalked, distance from base of gonocoxites to spermathecal basal sclerite 1.5 × maximum breadth (dissection compressed under cover slip) (Fig. 106 ); bursal walls thick, wrinkled, heavily stained with Chlorazol Black, lumenal surface smooth; basal gonocoxite with apical fringe of five setae (Fig. 113 ), one very small on left gonocoxite; apical gonocoxite subtriangular with narrowly rounded apex and two lateral ensiform setae.

Types.

Holotype male (QMB deposited in MNHN): NEW CALEDONIA / 20°34 ’Sx164°46’ / Mt Panie refuge, 1300 m / 16-18Nov2000.Bouchard / Burwell&Monteith. 9938 // QUEENSLAND / MUSEUM LOAN / DATE: Nov.2003 / No. LEN 1688 (green label) // male habitus photo 1 / J.K. Liebherr 2015 // HOLOTYPE / Cyphocoleus / fasciatus / J.K. Liebherr 2016 (black-bordered red label).

Paratypes (26 specimens). NEW CALEDONIA: Mt. Panié, 950-1300 m el., 20°34'S, 164°46'E, 14-16-v-1984, Monteith & Cook (QMB, 1), refuge, 1300 m el., 20°34'S, 164°46'E, 16-18-xi-2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 10; lot no. 9938), 08-09-xi-2001, Burwell (QMB, 2; lot no. 8764), below Maruia refuge, 1300-1350 m el., 25-xi-2010, Wanat & Ruta (MNHW, 1), 1300-1600 m el., 20°35'S, 164°46'E, 15-v-1984, Monteith & Cook (ANIC, 2; QMB, 4), E trail, 1350-1600 m el., rainforest, 24-xi-2010, Wanat & Ruta (MNHW, 1), summit, 1600 m el., 20°35'S, 164°46'E, 09-xi-2001, Burwell (QMB, 3; lot no. 8769), 18-xi-2000, Bouchard, Burwell & Monteith (QMB, 2; lot no. 9939).

Etymology.

The species epithet fasciatus is derived from the Latin to "envelop with bands ( Brown 1956)", referring to the banded pigmentation of the femora of beetles comprising this species (Fig. 104 ).

Distribution and habitat.

This species is known only from Mt. Panié at elevations ranging 950-1600 m (Fig. 80 ). Given the well-developed environmental patina borne by beetles of this species, they come in contact with ground litter during their activities. The well-developed pelage of microsetae on the dorsal body surface and prothoracic ventrites is associated with deep layers of environmental patina.

Figures

Figure 46. Parsimony cladogram of subtribe Homethina with characters indicated; character numbers above cladogram stems, state numbers below stems [cladogram divided into two parts joined at " A "]; geographic abbreviations as in Figs 44 - 45.

Figures 76 - 81. Distribution maps of Cyphocoleus spp.: 76, Cyphocoleus lissus; 77, Cyphocoleus heterogenus, Cyphocoleus prolixus; 78, Cyphocoleus parovicollis, Cyphocoleus ovicollis; 79, Cyphocoleus burwelli, Cyphocoleus angustatus, Cyphocoleus monteithi; 80, Cyphocoleus miricollis, Cyphocoleus fasciatus; 81, Cyphocoleus mirabilis, Cyphocoleus moorei, Cyphocoleus lescheni.

Figures 86 - 98. Male aedeagal median lobe and associated parameres of Cyphocoleus spp., dextral view: 86, Cyphocoleus burwelli, internal sac everted, Ningua Res.; 87, Cyphocoleus angustatus, dextroventral view, internal sac everted, Mt. Panie; 88, Cyphocoleus monteithi, Parque Prov. Riviere Bleue, Haute Pourina; 89, Cyphocoleus miricollis, Mt. Mou; 90, Cyphocoleus fasciatus, dextral view, sac partially everted, Mt. Panie; 91 - 98, Cyphocoleus cychroides; 91, internal sac everted, Mandjelia; 92 - 93, Mandjelia; 94, internal sac everted, Hienghene; 95, Touho; 96, Tionaka Tal; 97, Ateou; 98, Pic d'Amoa. Scale bars, 1.0 mm: horizontal scale for figures with transverse orientation; vertical scale for figures with vertical orientation.

Figures 99 - 104. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp.: 99, Cyphocoleus miricollis, Foret Nord; 100, Cyphocoleus mirabilis female, environmental patina intact, Mt. Koghi; 101, Cyphocoleus mirabilis male, environmental patina removed, Mt. Koghi; 102, Cyphocoleus moorei female, environmental patina removed from forebody and right elytron, E. Table Unio; 103, Cyphocoleus lescheni female, environmental patina removed, elytra reassociated with dissected specimen, Aoupinie; 104, Cyphocoleus fasciatus male, teneral specimen lacking environmental patina, Mt. Panie.

Figures 105 - 112. Female reproductive tract, ventral view, for Cyphocoleus spp.; 105, Cyphocoleus mirabilis, Mt. Koghi; 106, Cyphocoleus fasciatus, Mt. Panie; 107, Cyphocoleus cychroides, Pic d'Amoa; 108, Cyphocoleus latipennis, Mt. Panie; 109, Cyphocoleus cardiopterus, Mt. Mou; 110, Cyphocoleus globulicollis, Col des Roussettes; 111, Cyphocoleus flavipes, Noumea; 112, Cyphocoleus subulatus, Foret de Thi. For abbreviations see Table 1.

Figures 113 - 120. Female right gonocoxae, ventral view, for Cyphocoleus spp. illustrating apical fringe setae of basal gonocoxite 1, and two lateral ensiform setae, one dorsal ensiform seta, and two apical nematiform setae on apical gonocoxite 2; 113, Cyphocoleus fasciatus, Mt. Panie; 114, Cyphocoleus cychroides, Pic d'Amoa; 115, Cyphocoleus latipennis Mt. Panie; 116, Cyphocoleus cordatus, Foret Nord; 117, Cyphocoleus globulicollis, Col des Roussettes; 118, Cyphocoleus flavipes, Noumea; 119, Cyphocoleus bourailensis, Bourail; 120, Cyphocoleus subulatus, Foret de Thi. Scale bar, 0.10 mm.

Figures 121 - 125. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp., environmental patina removed: 121, Cyphocoleus cychroides male, Tionaki Tal; 122, Cyphocoleus latipennis male, Mt. Panie; 123, Cyphocoleus cordatus female, Foret Nord; 124, Cyphocoleus cardiopterus female, Mt. Mou; 125, Cyphocoleus globulicollis female, Col des Roussettes.

Figures 161 - 164. Dorsal habitus photographs of Cyphocoleus spp., environmental patina removed: 161, Cyphocoleus flavipes Yahoue; 162, Cyphocoleus bourailensis, Bourail; 163, Cyphocoleus subulatus, Mt. Koghi; 124, Cyphocoleus iledespinsensis, Ile des Pins.

Figures 44 - 45. Parsimony cladograms comprising exemplar taxa of Odacanthini used in phylogenetic analysis, rooted at the outgroup Celaenephes linearis (tribe Lebiini): 44, 852 - step length strict consensus of 29 equally parsimonious trees of 835 - step length (CI = 22, RI = 74) [A = subtribe Actenonycina; H = subtribe Homethina subtrib. n.; P = subtribe Pentagonicina; O = subtribe Odacanthina]; 45, majority-rule consensus of 29 equally parsimonious trees with all resolved nodes present in 100 % of the multiple equally parsimonious trees; i. e. the majority-rule consensus is the result of collapsing 8 nodes. Abbreviations for geographical distributions include: Af, Africa; As, Asia; Eu, Europe; NC, New Caledonia; Nea, Nearctic; Neo, Neotropical; NZ, New Zealand; Oz, Australia.