Pseudosinella csafordi, Winkler & Mateos, 2018

Winkler, Daniel & Mateos, Eduardo, 2018, New species of Pseudosinella Schäffer, 1897 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) from Hungary, Zootaxa 4382 (2), pp. 347-366 : 348-356

Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.

Figs 1–20 , Tab 1

Type material. Holotype: female on slide (slide code: HNHM-collpr-800), Csáfordjánosfa, com. Gyôr-Moson- Sopron ( Hungary), 161 m asl, N 47°24'45" E 16°57'52", from forest litter, hand collecting, 15.iv.2017, leg. D. Winkler. Paratypes: 2 males (slide codes HNHM-collpr-801 and WD-coll-111) and 2 females (slide code: WDcoll-112 and LP532) on slides; same data as holotype. The holotype and one paratype are deposited in the Hungarian Natural History Museum ( HNHM), Budapest. Two paratypes preserved in the first author’s collection at the University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry , Sopron, Hungary; one paratype kept in E. Mateos’ collection.

Other material. 2 females, Rum, Rumi Forest, com. Gyôr-Moson-Sopron ( Hungary), 181 m above sea level, N 47°05'39" E 16°49'41", from forest litter, hand collecting, 15.vii.2017, leg. D. Winkler & Sz . Safián. Preserved in 96% alcohol (vial code: PSE-CSA-v014) in the first author’s collection at the University of Sopron, Faculty of Forestry , Sopron, Hungary .

Diagnosis. Small-sized Pseudosinella species, eyes and pigmentation absent. Labial chaetotaxy M1M2rEL1L2, r strongly reduced. Dorsal macrochaetae formula R 0 R1R2R3TP/32/0201+2s ( Fig. 6 ). Abdominal tergite II chaetotaxy: pABq1q2. Abd. IV accessory chaeta s anteriorly to trichobothrial complex present. Antennae and legs without scales. Unguis with one odd tooth, unguiculus outer lamella serrated.

Etymology. The species is named after the locus typicus (Csáford-forest).

Description. Holotype body length 1.26 mm (without head nor furca), paratypes 0.76–1.10 mm. Without pigment ( Fig. 1 ). Antennal length to head diagonal length ratio 1.4–1.6 (head diagonal measured from the cervical edge to apex of mouth part). Relation of antennal joints I–IV as 1: 2.1: 1.8: 3.4. Ant. III sensillary organ composed of two leaf-like sensilla, two guard sensilla and a short rod ( Fig. 2 ).

Ant. IV without apical bulb. Arrangement of chaetae on labrum 4/554, prelabral chaetae ciliated, first, second and apical row of labral chaetae smooth ( Fig. 3 ). Labrum intrusion inverted U-shaped, labral edge with no differentiated papillae ( Fig. 3 ). Outer maxillary palp with two smooth chaetae and three smooth sublobal hairs. Lateral process (sensu Fjellberg 1999) on papilla E slightly curved, surpassing top of papilla ( Fig. 4 ). Labial anterior row formed by 5 smooth chaetae (a1–a5); formula of basal row M1M2rEL1L2 with all chaetae ciliated except for vestigial smooth microchaeta r. Ventral cephalic grove with 4+4 ciliated chaetae ( Fig. 5 ). Other postlabial chaetae ciliated except for three strongly reduced smooth microchaetae ( Fig. 5 ).

Dorsal cephalic macrochaetae formula R0R1R2R3TP ( Fig. 7 ). Following AMS notation system the dorsal head macrochaetae are: R0 = A0, R1 = A2, R2 = A3, R3 = M1, T = S3, and P = Pa5. Maximum number of macrochaetae An on head 8+8 ( Fig. 7 ). Eyes absent.

Body macrochaetae 32/0201+2 ( Fig. 7 ). Dorsal chaetotaxy of th. II–III and abd. I as on Figs 8–10 . Mesothorax with three macrochaetae (p2, p3 and p5). Two anterolateral S-chaetae (al and ms) also present. Th. III with two macrochaetae (p2 and p3). Anterolateral sensillum al present. Abd. I with lateral S-microchaeta (ms) external to a6. Chaetotaxy of abd. II–III as in Figs 11–12 . Abd. II chaetotaxy between two dorso-medial trichobothria pABq1q2 using Gisin’s symbols ( Gisin 1967b); following Szeptycki (1979) notation p = a2p, A = a2, B = m3, q1 = m3e and q2 = p4. Length of macrochaeta B near double (1.9x) of macrochaeta A. Abd. III chaeta d3 present. Chaetotaxy and trichobothrial complex on abd. IV as in Figs 13–14 . Macrochaetae B5, B6, C1, D3, E2, E3, E4, F1 and F3 broader with broad socket, while D2, D3p, De1, De3, E1, E4p, E4p2, F3p, Fe5, T6 and T7 thinner with smaller socket. Abd. IV chaetae associated with two trichobotria fan-shaped. Accessory chaeta s associated with trichobotrium T2 present. Abd. V with three S-chaetae typical for Pseudosinella .

Legs without scales. Trochanteral organ with up to 13 smooth spiny chaetae forming a V shape pattern ( Fig. 15 ). Unguis and unguiculus as in Fig. 16 . Unguis with sub-equal paired basal teeth at 35% from inner edge, and with unpaired inner tooth at 52% from inner edge. A small apical tooth at 86% present in two specimens ( Fig. 16 ), but absent in all other specimens. A short external tooth also present. Unguiculus lanceolate, external lamella serrated from the middle of lamella. Tibiotarsal tenent hair spatulate, supraempodial chaeta smooth and acuminate. Ratio of supraempodial chaeta / unguiculus around 1.0.

Ventral tube without scales; 6+6 ciliated chaetae on anterior side and 5+5 ciliated chaetae on posterior side; lateral flap with a maximum of 2 smooth and 5 ciliated chaetae ( Fig. 17 ). Mucro as on Fig. 18 . Manubrium ventrally with scales. Manubrial plate with 2 inner chaetae and 2 chaetae outer the 2 pseudopores ( Fig. 19 ).

Ecology and distribution. P. csafordi sp. nov. was found in the upper layer and litter of an old-growth alluvial oak-elm-ash relict forest fragment ( Fig. 20 ). Its soil is soggy by floods in early spring, triggering a mass blooming of the Spring Snowflake ( Leucojum vernum ). This new Pseudosinella is a silvicolous, phytodetriticolous and hygrophil species.

Discussion. Based only on the simple four digit code (Rxxx) of dorsal head macrochaetotaxy commonly used for Pseudosinella species description, it is not possible to discern the topology of dorsal head macrochaetae (and for this reason no such code is given for P. csafordi sp. nov.). The first digit (R) refers to the presence or absence of R macrochaetae, without specifying the exact name or number of chaetae (R1, R2 or R3). The second digit (number) usually refers to the presence-absence of macrochaeta S, but it is also used for indicating the presence of R3 which can lead to confusion. The third digit (number) indicates the presence-absence of macrochatea T (and also of T’ in some species), while the fourth digit (number) refers to the presence-absence of subocular macrochaeta P. Species with formula R111 can actually bear the macrochaetae R0R1R2 STP but can also be interpreted as R0R1R2R3TP. On the other hand, also R011 can be defined not only as R0R1R2TP, but also as R0R1R2R3TP. It is therefore necessary to revise all species without eyes and with dorsal macrochaetae formulae of either R111/32/0201+2 or R011/32/ 0201+2 to justify the new species status of P. csafordi sp. nov. (Table 1). By reviewing the related literature and also using the electronic Delta key of Pseudosinella ( Jordana et al. 2016) , the presence of macrochaeta R3 was not confirmed in any of the species listed in Table 1. Accordingly, P. csafordi sp. nov. has a unique dorsal macrochaetae formula among the species without eyes, being the only one bearing dorsal cephalic macrochaeta R3. Except for the presence of the R3 macrochaeta, the new species is similar to P. subilliciens Mateos 1993 and P. jacetanica Jordana & Baquero 2007 , sharing the same basal labial chaetotaxy, the presence of abd. IV accessory chaeta s and similar morphology of claw. P. csafordi sp. nov. differs from P. subilliciens by the smooth anterior labial chaetae a1–a5 (short-ciliated in P. subilliciens ), while clavate tenent hair differentiates the new species from P. jacetanica (tenent hair acuminate). Further species with the same labial chaetotaxy include P. aelleni, Gama, 1973 , P. lamperti ( Schäffer, 1900) and P. noseki Rusek, 1985 , but all of these species miss the supplementary chaeta s on abd. IV. Furthermore, both P. aelleni and P. lamperti are cave related species, while P. csafordi sp. nov. was found in soil-surface habitat. The remaining species ( P. arrasatensis Beruete & Jordana, 2002 in: Beruete et al. 2002, P. dobati Gisin, 1965 , P. duprei Beruete & Jordana, 2002 in: Beruete et al. 2002, P. gineti Cassagnau, 1955 , P. inflata Bonet, 1929 , P. pieltaini Bonet, 1929 , P. subinflata Gisin & Gama, 1969 , P. subterranea Bonet, 1929 , P. tarraconensis Bonet, 1929 and P. unguiculata Bonet, 1929 ) are all cave related, and besides from the absence of dorsal cephalic marcochaeta R3, the pattern of basal labial chaetae clearly differentiates them from P. csafordi sp. nov. (Table 1).

TABLE I. Comparison of P. csafordi sp. nov. with relateđ species with đorsal trunk macrochaetae formula /32/020I+2 anđ đorsal abđ.II chaetotaxy pABqIq2; Dorsal heađ cođe: đorsal heađ macrochaetae cođe from literature (n.a. ̅ cođe not assigneđ đue to uncertain interpretation); Dorsal heađ chaetotaxy: actual đetaileđ đorsal cephalic formula of macrochaetae; Labium: basal labial chaetotaxy; Abđ. IV s: presence (+) or absence (̅) of abđ. IV supplementary chaeta s; Tenent hair: morphology of tenent hair on claw III ̅ (a) acuminate, c (clavate); Unguis inner teeth: number of teeth of inner unguis; Ungual wing tooth: presence (+) or absence (̅) of ungual wing tooth; Unguiculus: (a) acuminate, (c) clavate, (bs) basally swollen, (s) outer eđge serrate, (̅) outer eđge not serrate; Unguiculus tooth: presence (+) or absence (̅) of outer (wing) tooth on unguiculus; Habitat: type of habitat.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov. (habitus)

FIGURE 2–5. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 2, ant. III sensillar organ; 3, labrum; 4, labial papilla E with lateral process; 5, labial triangle (right side) and ventral cephalic groove with labial and postlabial chaetotaxy.

FIGURE 6–7. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 6, distribution pattern of dorsal macrochaetae (filled circles), trichobotria (lines) and pseudopore (Ø); 7, dorsal head chaetotaxy, broad black circles—long ciliated macrochaetae, small black circlesshort ciliated macrochaetae (nomenclature “RST” – right side, normal letters, nomenclature “AMS” – left side, italicized letters).

FIGURE 8–10. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 8, th. II dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore; 9, th. III dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore; 10, abd.I dorsal chaetotaxy (left side), psp—pseudopore.

FIGURE 11–12. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 11, abd. II complete chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore; 12, abd. III complete chaetotaxy (left side), broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, psp—pseudopore.

FIGURE 13–14. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 13, abd. IV chaetotaxy, broad black circles—broad ciliated macrochaetae, small black circles—thin ciliated macrochaetae, open circles—mesochaetae, triangles—fan-shaped chaetae, x—trichobotria, psp—pseudopore; 14, abd.IV trichobothrial complex.

FIGURE 15–19. Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov.: 15, trochanteral organ; 16, leg III unguis and unguiculus; 17, ventral tube anterior view (left side) and posterior view (right side), circles—ciliated chaetae; 18, mucro and apical part of dens; 19, manubrial plate, black circles—ciliated macrochaetae, Ø—pseudopore.

FIGURE 20. Type locality (Csáford-forest) of Pseudosinella csafordi sp. nov. (Photo: D. Dulai)