Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus ( Boulenger, 1887 )

Figueroa, Alex, Low, Martyn E. Y. & Lim, Kelvin K. P., 2023, Singapore’s herpetofauna: updated and annotated checklist, history, conservation, and distribution, Zootaxa 5287 (1), pp. 1-378 : 27

Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus ( Boulenger, 1887) — Native.

Bufo quadriporcatus Boulenger, 1887 c: 347 , pl. 10, fig. 4. Holotype: BMNH 1947.2 .21.94 (formerly BM 86.12.28.41), according to Inger (1985: 57). Type locality: “obtained within a radius of fifty miles from the town of Malacca”, Peninsular Malaysia .

Four-ridged Toad ( Figure 4C )

Singapore records.

Bufo quadriporcatus —K.K.P. Lim, 1989b: 170 (Sime Road Forest).—K. Lim, 1989h: 66.—K. Lim, 1990b: 12 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest; Sime Road Forest).—K.K.P. Lim & L.M. Chou, 1990: 56.—K.P. Lim & Subharaj, 1991b: 5 (Sime Road [SRF]).—K.K.P. Lim & C.M. Yang, 1991: 220, 221 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—K.K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 1992: 23, 143.—K.K.P. Lim & Subharaj, 1992: 9 (Sime Road [SRF]).—P.K.L. Ng & K.K.P. Lim, 1992: 260 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—E.K. Chua, 1993: 95.—L.M. Chou et al., 1994: 93.—K.P. Lim, 1994: 15 (Thomson Ridge Trail [TRF]).— K.K.P. Lim, 1994: 330.—R. Subaraj et al., 1995: 5 (MacRitchie North [MNF]).—K. Lim et al., 1995: 19 (Lower Peirce East [LPEF]).—T.M. Leong & L.M. Chou, 1997: 99 (Central Catchment Area).—R.C.H. Teo & Rajathurai, 1997: 397 (Nee Soon Range; Thomson Ridge Forest).—Chanard et al., 1999: 13.—T.M. Leong & L.M. Chou, 1999: 92–94.—T.M. Leong, 2000: 6.—K.P. Lim & F.L.K. Lim, 2002: 144.— Das & Haas, 2005: 378.—T.M. Leong, 2011: 22, 23.

Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus —L.L. Grismer, 2007: 230 (Nee Soon Swamp Forest).—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2008: 54, 158 (Central Nature Reserves; Western Catchment Area; Pulau Tekong).—P.K.L. Ng et al., 2011: 485.—N. Baker & K.P. Lim, 2012: 54, 158.—L.K. Wang et al., 2012: 121.—M.F.C. Ng, 2014a: 20 (Venus Drive [WNP]).—S. Subaraj, 2015: 4 (Stephen Lee Woods [= RPN]).— K.K.P. Lim et al., 2016: 172 (Pulau Tekong).—W. Wong, 2017: 53.— Leo et al., 2020: 254.

Remarks. Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus was first recorded in Singapore on 12 December 1989 when a single individual was observed and photographed during a natural history filming session at SRF (Lim 1989b, 1989h). The individual was not collected, but was identified from photographs. After this discovery, I. quadriporcatus was frequently detected at SRF and at different localities such as NSSF ( Lim 1990b), around MR (Lim 1994; Subaraj et al. 1995) and LP (Lim et al. 1995), and much later from BTNR, PT, and WC ( Baker & Lim 2012).

Occurrence. Restricted to CNR, WC, PT. Common.

Singapore conservation status. Vulnerable.

Conservation priority. Moderate.

IUCN conservation status. Least Concern [2020].

LKCNHM & NHMUK Museum specimens. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve : ZRC.1.5280 (Jun-2000) ; Chestnut Drive: ZRC.1.11208 (Dec-2003) ; Nee Soon Swamp Forest : ZRC.1.2909– ZRC.1.2912 (29-Sep-1990) , ZRC.1.3166– ZRC.1.3167 (20-Sep-1993) , ZRC.1.3293 (05-Oct-1992) , ZRC.1.4215 (16-Jan-1996) , ZRC.1.12479 (24-Oct-2011) ; Pulau Tekong: ZRC.1.3413 (14-Jun-1996) , ZRC.1.9240: 9243 (31-Jan-2002), ZRC.1.9068– ZRC.1.9069 (20-Dec-2001) ; Rifle Range Road : ZRC.1.3414– ZRC.1.3416 (16- Jun-1996) , ZRC.1.3417 (24-Sep-1996) , ZRC.1.3418– ZRC.1.3424 (19-Oct-1996) ; Sime Road Forest : ZRC.1.11358 (06-Sep-2004) , ZRC.1.4415– ZRC.1.4416 (20-Apr-1994) , ZRC.1.10225 (11-Dec-2002) , ZRC.1.8644 (27-Sep-2001) , ZRC.1.6115 (12-Jan-2001) ; Venus Drive [ WNP: ZRC.1.11332– ZRC.1.11334 (01-Apr-2004), ZRC.1.11292 (13-Feb-2004).

Additional Singapore museum specimens. Nee Soon Rifle Range [= NSSF]: BPBM.

Singapore localities. Bukit Timah Nature Reserve—Chestnut Drive—Lower Peirce East Forest—MacRitchie Reservoir—MacRitchie North Forest—Nee Soon Range—Nee Soon Swamp Forest—Pulau Tekong— Rainforest Park North—Rifle Range Road—Sime Road Forest—Thomson Ridge Forest—Western Catchment Area—Windsor Nature Park.

Genus Pelophryne Boulenger, 1895 (1 species)

Pelophryne Barbour, 1938: 192 (type species: Pelophryne albotaeniata Barbour, 1938 , by original designation; gender feminine).

Figures

FIGURE 4. A) Ichthyophis paucisulcus, B) Duttaphrynus bengalensis, C) Ingerophrynus quadriporcatus, D) Pelophryne ingeri, E) Fejervarya cancrivora, F) Fejervarya limnocharis, G) Limnonectes blythii, and H) Limnonectes malesianus. Photographs by: Cai Yixiong [A], Alex Figueroa [B, D–H], and Kelvin K.P. Lim [C].