Dryinidae Haliday, 1833

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 8-9

Dryinidae Haliday, 1833

Proctotrupii Latreille 1805: 226 (partim).

Dryini Haliday 1833: 273.

Dryinidae Haliday in Walker 1837: 411 (partim); Haliday 1839: 3; Marshall 1873: 5; Ashmead 1887: 74; Ashmead 1893: 80; Dalla Torre 1898: 536 (partim); Kieffer in Kieffer & Marshall 1904: 52; R. Perkins 1905: 26 (partim); Kieffer 1907: 1; R. Perkins 1912: 7; Berland 1928: 137; Hellén 1935: 7; Richards 1937: 118; Haupt 1938: 15; Richards 1939: 188 (partim); 1953: 51; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1034; Hellén 1953: 91 (partim); Ceballos 1956: 273; De Santis 1967: 230; J. Perkins 1976: 9; Ponomarenko 1978: 20; Krombein 1979: 1240; Olmi 1984: 1; Gauld & Bolton 1988: 224; Naumann 1991: 971; Finnamore & Brothers in Goulet & Huber 1993: 139; Olmi 1994: 34; 1995e: 254; 1996a: 65; 1999: 5; He & Xu 2002: 1; Rasnitsyn & Quicke 2002: 244.

Dryinoidae Förster 1856: 20; 1861: XXXIX.

Dryinini Thomson 1860: 175.

Dryinae Cameron 1888: 440.

Anteonidae Kieffer 1911a: 108.

Anteoninae Kieffer 1914b: 7; Fenton 1918: 258.

Type genus. Dryinus Latreille, 1804.

Diagnosis. Hymenoptera Chrysidoidea with antenna 10-segmented, inserted on flat or concave surface below middle of head, with torulus less than its width far from aboral margin of clypeus; head in lateral view concave or slightly convex anteriorly; female protarsus usually provided of one chela, with fifth segment laterally protruding and one claw enlarged; female protarsus less commonly unmodified (in 91 of 1722 world species).

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997, 2006, 2007).

World species. 1724 species are known, 368 in the Oriental region (including five species incertae sedis).

World genera. Fourty eight genera are known, twenty in the Oriental region.

World subfamilies. Thirteen subfamilies are known, seven in the Oriental region.

Remarks. The following six subfamilies are not quoted from the Oriental region: Apoaphelopinae Olmi, 2007 (Afrotropical), Apodryininae Olmi, 1984 (Afrotropical, Australian, Neotropical), Erwiniinae Olmi & Guglielmino, 2010a (Neotropical), Palaeaoanteoninae Olmi & Bechly, 2001 (fossil in Baltic amber), Plesiodryininae Olmi, 1987b (Nearctic), Transdryininae Olmi, 1984 (Australian).

Key to the subfamilies of the Oriental region

Females (unknown in Ponomarenkoinae )

1. Fore tarsus not chelate (Plate 2A).................................................... 1. Aphelopinae R. Perkins

- Fore tarsus chelate (Plate 2B, C, F)....................................................................... 2

2. Chela without rudimentary claw (Plate 2D).............................................. 3. Anteoninae R. Perkins

- Chela with one rudimentary claw (Plate 2E)................................................................ 3

3. Median leg without spurs (formula 1/0/1 or 1/0/2) (Plate 2C)............................... 6. Gonatopodinae Kieffer

- Median leg with one tibial spur (formula 1/1/1 or 1/1/2) (Plate 2B).............................................. 4

4. Always fully winged; fore wing with costal and median cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Plate 2F).............................................................................................. 2. Conganteoninae Olmi

- Fully winged, or rarely micropterous or apterous; fore wing of fully winged forms with costal, median and submedian cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Plate 2B, C)........................................................... 5

5. Lateral regions of prothorax continuous with mesopleura; epicnemium concealed (as in Plate 2G).... 4. Bocchinae Richards

- Lateral regions of prothorax not continuous with mesopleura; epicnemium exposed (as in Plate 2H).... 5. Dryininae Haliday

Males

1. Fully winged; fore wing with only costal cell enclosed by pigmented veins (Plate 3A); occipital carina complete........................................................................................... 1. Aphelopinae R. Perkins

- Fully winged, or micropterous, or brachypterous, or apterous; fore wing of fully winged forms with costal and 1–2 further basal cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Plate 3B, C); occasionally fore wing with only costal cell clearly enclosed by pigmented veins, but then occipital carina absent (in some males of Gonatopodinae )................................ 2

2. Always fully winged; fore wing with costal and median cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Plate 3B); occipital carina complete............................................................................................ 3

- Fully winged, or rarely micropterous, or brachypterous, or apterous; fore wing of fully winged forms with costal, median and submedian cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins (Plate 3C); occasionally only costal cell clearly enclosed by pigmented veins, but then occipital carina absent (in some males of Gonatopodinae )......................................... 4

3. Antennal segment 3 more than three times as long as broad (Plate 3B)........................ 2. Conganteoninae Olmi

- Antennal segment 3 less than three times as long as broad.... 1. Aphelopinae R. Perkins (only few males of Crovettia Olmi)

4. Tibial spurs 1/2/2...........................................................7. Ponomarenkoinae Olmi (fossil)

- Tibial spurs 1/1/2..................................................................................... 5

5. Mandible never with one intermediate rudimentary tooth; usually with four teeth progressing larger from anterior one to posterior (Plate 3D), or with four teeth of different length, never with one intermediate rudimentary tooth................... 6

- Mandible with 1–4 teeth (Plate 3E); quadridentate mandible always with one intermediate rudimentary tooth (Plate 3E).... 7

6. Fore wing with metacarpus as long as, or longer than pterostigma (Plate 3F).............................................................................................. 5. Dryininae Haliday (only Thaumatodryinus R. Perkins)

- Fore wing with metacarpus absent or shorter than pterostigma (Plate 3G)...................... 3. Anteoninae R. Perkins

7. Lateral regions of prothorax continuous with mesopleura; epicnemium concealed (Plate 2G)........ 4. Bocchinae Richards

- Lateral regions of prothorax not continuous with mesopleura; epicnemium exposed (Plate 2G)........................ 8

8. Occipital carina present, complete or incomplete (Plate 4A); dorsal process of paramere absent (Plate 4C).................................................................................................... 5. Dryininae Haliday

- Occipital carina absent (Plate 4B); occasionally present and complete, but then dorsal process of paramere present (Plate 4D)................................................................................. 6. Gonatopodinae Kieffer