Bocchinae Richards, 1939

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 223-226

IV. Subfamily Bocchinae Richards, 1939

Bocchini Richards 1939: 189; Muesebeck & Walkley 1951: 1039; Nagy 1967b: 334.

Bocchinae Olmi 1984: 599 ; Olmi 1993a: 193; Olmi 1993d: 46; Olmi 1995b: 502; Olmi 1999a: 152; Olmi & Bechly 2001: 41; Richards: He & Xu 2002: 237; Olmi & Virla 2006: 408; Virla & Olmi 2008: 370.

Type genus. Bocchus Ashmead, 1893 , designated by Olmi (1984).

Diagnosis. Female ( Plates 64A , 68A ): fully winged ( Plates 64A , 68A ); occasionally brachypterous or micropterous or apterous; occipital carina complete; ocelli present; mandible with one, two, three or four teeth ( Plate 3E ); quadridentate mandible usually with three large teeth and one rudimentary tooth between two posterior teeth ( Plate 3E ); rarely quadridentate mandibles with teeth progressing larger from anterior one to posterior (as in plate 3C); palpal formula 6/3; antenna without tufts of long hairs and without rhinaria; pronotal tubercle present; epicnemium not visible, because lateral regions of prothorax continuous with mesopleura (as in plate 2G); fore wing of fully winged specimens with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (costal, median and submedian) ( Plates 64A , 68A ); fore wing with stigmal vein ( Plates 64A , 68A ); pterostigma of fully winged specimens present, usually very reduced ( Plate 64A ); protarsus chelate ( Plates 64A , 68A ); chela with rudimentary claw ( Plates 64B , 65A ); protrochanter short and slightly longer than broad; tibial spurs 1/1/1, or 1/1/2. Male ( Plates 67A, B ): fully winged ( Plates 67A, B ), rarely micropterous (only Mystrophorus formicaeformis Ruthe , not present in the Oriental region) or apterous (only Mystrophorus apterus Ponomarenko , not present in the Oriental region); occipital carina complete; mandible with one, two, three or four teeth ( Plate 3E ); quadridentate mandible usually with three large teeth and one rudimentary tooth between two posterior teeth ( Plate 3E ); palpal formula 6/3; epicnemium invisible, because lateral regions of prothorax continuous with mesopleura ( Plate 2G, H ); in fully winged specimens fore wing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (costal, median and submedian) ( Plate 67A, B ); in fully winged specimens fore wing with stigmal vein ( Plate 67A, B ); pterostigma present ( Plate 67A, B ); tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Caliscelidae , Tropiduchidae , Cicadellidae (except Idiocerinae , Macropsinae and Typhlocybinae ) ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997, 2006, 2007).

World species. One hundred and four species are known, sixteen in the Oriental region.

World genera. Three genera are known, only one in the Oriental region.

Remarks. The following two genera are not quoted from the Oriental region: Mirodryinus Ponomarenko, 1972 (Palaearctic) and Mystrophorus Förster, 1856 (Palaearctic) . Larvae of Mystrophorus were described by Guglielmino & Bückle (2010); larvae of Mirodryinus are unknown.

Figures

PLATE 2. A–C, F. Females. D, E. Chelae. a, arolium; e, enlarged claw; r, rudimentary claw; s, segment 5 of protarsus. G, H. Part of mesosoma, males. a, propleuron; c, procoxa; e, epicnemium; m, mesopleuron; p, pronotum; s, scutum; t, tegula. A. Aphelopus sp. B, E, H. Dryinus sp. C. Gonatopus sp. D. Anteon sp. F. Conganteon sp. G.Bocchus sp. (From Olmi 1984).

PLATE 3. A–C, F, G. Males. D, E. Mandibles. A. Crovettia sp. Length 2.5 mm. B. Fiorianteon sp. Length 3.8 mm. C. Dryinus sp. Length 3.7 mm. D. Anteon sp., Female. E. Dryinidae. F. Thaumatodryinus sp. Length 1.9 mm. G. Anteon sp. Length 2.5 mm. (From Olmi 1984).

PLATE 64. Bocchus beckeri. A. Female from Malaya. Length 4.0 mm. B. Chela, holotype. Scale bar 0.23 mm for B. (From Olmi 1991).

PLATE 65. A, E. Chelae, holotypes. B, C. Stigmal veins. D. Male genitalia, holotype. A. Bocchus haladai (from Olmi 2008b). B, D. B. indicus, male (from Olmi 1987a). C, E. B. laotianus, female (from Olmi 1984). Scale bar 0.18 mm for A, 0.35 mm for B and C, 0.23 mm for D and 0.18 mm for E.

PLATE 67. A–C. Bocchus pedunculatus. D. B. reticulates. A. Dorsal view of male from Sarawak (from Olmi 1984). Length 2.7 mm. B. Lateral view of male from Sarawak (from Olmi 1984). Length 2.7 mm. C. Male genitalia of male from Malaysia. D. Holotype (from Xu et al. 2003). Scale bar 0.27 mm for C and 0.23 mm for D.

PLATE 68. A. Holotype, dorsal view. Length 3.0 mm. B, C. Chelae, holotypes. A, B. Bocchus rubricus (from Olmi 1984). C. B. rubrithorax (from Olmi 2005a). Scale bar 0.17 mm for B and 0.20 mm for C.