Bocchus Ashmead, 1893

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 226-227

9. Genus Bocchus Ashmead, 1893

Bocchus Ashmead 1893: 91 ; Nagy 1969: 321; Olmi 1984: 611; Olmi 1995g: 5; Olmi 1999a: 153; He & Xu 2002: 238; Virla & Olmi 2008: 370; Moya-Raygoza & Olmi 2010: 95; Olmi et al. 2010: 27.

Phorbas Ashmead 1893: 90 (preoccupied by Phorbas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864; synonymized by Richards, 1939); type species: Phorbas laticeps Ashmead 1893 , by original designation.

Eukoebeleia R. Perkins 1905: 59 (synonymized by Fenton 1918); type species: Eukoebelelia mirabilis R. Perkins 1905, by monotypy.

Tetradryinus Kieffer 1913c: 325 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Tetradryinus flavipes ( Kieffer 1906a) , by original designation.

Anteonella Dodd 1913: 181 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Anteonella robusta Dodd 1913 , by original designation.

Phorbasia Kieffer 1913b: 58 (synonymized by Richards 1939); type species: Phorbasia laticeps ( Ashmead, 1893) , by original designation.

Neoanteon Fouts 1922: 633 (synonymized by Nagy 1969); type species: Neoanteon rubrica Fouts 1922 , by monotypy.

Hymenodryinus Benoit 1954: 427 (synonymized by Olmi 1984); type species: Hymenodryinus seyrigi Benoit 1954 , by original designation.

Type species. Bocchus flavicollis Ashmead, 1893 , by original designation.

Diagnosis. Female ( Plate 64A , 68A ): fully winged ( Plate 64A , 68A ), or brachypterous, or micropterous; occipital carina complete; antenna without rhinaria; palpal formula 6/3; in fully winged specimens fore wing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (costal, median and submedian) ( Plate 64A , 68A ); fore wing of fully winged specimens with stigmal vein; pterostigma of fully winged specimens present, usually very reduced ( Plate 64A ); protarsus chelate ( Plate 64A , 68A ); segment 5 of protarsus usually with inner membranous band ( Plates 65A , 68C ), occasionally without inner membranous band, but then with only one preapical lamella ( Plates 64B , 68B ); tibial spurs usually 1/1/1, occasionally 1/1/2. Male ( Plate 67A, B ): fully winged ( Plate 67A, B ); occipital carina complete; mandible with one–four teeth ( Plate 3E ); quadridentate mandible always with one intermediate rudimentary tooth ( Plate 3E ); palpal formula 6/3; fore wing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins (costal, median and submedian) ( Plate 67A, B ); fore wing with stigmal vein and pterostigma ( Plate 67A, B ); paramere without inner branch wrapping the penis ( Plates 63D, E 65D ); tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Distribution. Worldwide.

Hosts. Caliscelidae and Tropiduchidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997, 2006, 2007).

World species. Ninety four species are known, sixteen in the Oriental region.

Key to the species

Females (unknown in the species not present in the key to the females)

1. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands................................................ B. haladai Olmi

- Fore wing with one–two dark transverse bands.............................................................. 2

2. Fore wing with one dark transverse band................................................................... 3

- Fore wing with two dark transverse bands.................................................................. 4

3. Enlarged claw with one only subapical tooth ( Plate 66E ), segment 5 of protarsus with distinct proximal prominence (Plate 66E).............................................................................. B. pedunculatus Nagy

- Enlarged claw with one row of teeth ( Plate 65E ); segment 5 of protarsus without proximal prominence ( Plate 65E )................................................................................................ B. laotianus Olmi

4. Fore wing with stigmal vein slightly curved ( Plate 66B ) segment 5 of protarsus without distinct proximal prominence (Plates 66D, 68C); enlarged claw with one row of teeth ( Plates 66D , 68C ).............................................. 5

- Fore wing with stigmal vein more strongly curved ( Plates 64A , 66C , 68A ); segment 5 of protarsus with distinct proximal prominence ( Plates 64B , 66E , 68B ); enlarged claw with only one tooth ( Plate 64B , 66E , 68B )........................ 6

5. Mesosoma totally black; inner side of segment 5 of protarsus without membranous band ( Plate 66D )..... B. muluensis Olmi - Mesosoma totally ferruginous; inner side of segment 5 of protarsus with membranous band ( Plate 68C ).. B. rubrithorax Olmi

6. Head with OL more than twice as long as POL................................................ B. rubricus (Fouts)

- Head with OL slightly longer than POL................................................................... 7

7. Notauli complete.................................................................... B. pedunculatus Nagy

- Notauli incomplete........................................................................ B. beckeri Olmi

Males (unknown in the species not present in the key to the males)

1. Notauli absent........................................................................................ 2

- Notauli complete or almost complete...................................................................... 3

2. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; petiole very short................................. B. indicus Olmi

- Fore wing with two dark transverse bands; petiole very long; metasoma approximately three times as long as petiole............................................................................................ B. achterbergi Olmi

3. Head granulated, not reticulate rugose, or only with tracks of slight keels on face......................... B. levis Olmi

- Head completely reticulate rugose........................................................................ 4

4. At least part of scutellum not reticulate rugose.............................................................. 5

- Scutellum and metanotum completely reticulate rugose...................................................... 10

5. Petiole very short, almost absent......................................................................... 6

- Petiole very long, approximately 0.25 as long as metasoma.................................................... 9

6. Head with OOL more than twice as long as POL; median area of posterior surface of propodeum shiny, smooth and without sculpture............................................................................... B. banianus Olmi

- Head with OOL as long as POL, or slightly longer than POL; median area of posterior surface of propodeum dull, reticulate rugose, or shiny, smooth and unsculptured................................................................. 7

7. Median area of posterior surface of propodeum shiny, smooth and unsculptured........................... B. thai Olmi

- Median area of posterior surface of propodeum dull, reticulate rugose............................................ 8

8. Areolae of scutum less strong than those of head; head with OOL about 1.5 times as long as POL................................................................................................... B. reticulatus Xu, Olmi & He

- Areolae of scutum as strong than those of head; head with OOL about as long as POL................ B. rubrithorax Olmi

9. Notauli complete and completely visible.................................................. B. pedunculatus Nagy

- Notauli almost complete, not visible near posterior margin of scutum................................ B. beckeri Olmi

10. Face with pointed apophysis between antennal toruli ( Plate 69C )...................................... B. viet Olmi

- Face without pointed apophysis between antennal toruli...................................................... 11

11. Dorsal surface of propodeum less than 0.5 as long as metanotum; median area of posterior surface of propodeum almost completely smooth; stigmal vein strongly curved ( Plate 63C )............................................ B. asper Olmi

- Dorsal surface of propodeum more than 0.5 as long as metanotum; median area of posterior surface of propodeum sculptured by transverse keels; stigmal vein less curved ( Plate 63B )......................................... B. adebratti Olmi

Figures

PLATE 3. A–C, F, G. Males. D, E. Mandibles. A. Crovettia sp. Length 2.5 mm. B. Fiorianteon sp. Length 3.8 mm. C. Dryinus sp. Length 3.7 mm. D. Anteon sp., Female. E. Dryinidae. F. Thaumatodryinus sp. Length 1.9 mm. G. Anteon sp. Length 2.5 mm. (From Olmi 1984).

PLATE 63. A, D, E. Male genitalia. B, C. Stigmal veins, males. A. Lonchodryinus sinensis from China (from Olmi 1992a). B. Bocchus adebratti (from Olmi 1993d). C. B. asper (from Olmi 1993d). D. B. asper, holotype (from Olmi 1987a). E. B. beckeri from Malaysia (from Olmi 1993d). Scale bar 0.17 mm for A, 0.43 mm for B and C, 0.20 mm for D and E.

PLATE 64. Bocchus beckeri. A. Female from Malaya. Length 4.0 mm. B. Chela, holotype. Scale bar 0.23 mm for B. (From Olmi 1991).

PLATE 65. A, E. Chelae, holotypes. B, C. Stigmal veins. D. Male genitalia, holotype. A. Bocchus haladai (from Olmi 2008b). B, D. B. indicus, male (from Olmi 1987a). C, E. B. laotianus, female (from Olmi 1984). Scale bar 0.18 mm for A, 0.35 mm for B and C, 0.23 mm for D and 0.18 mm for E.

PLATE 66. A. Male genitalia, holotype. B, C. Female stigmal veins. D, E. Chelae, holotypes. A. Bocchus levis (from Olmi 1991). B, D. B. muluensis (from Olmi 1984). C, E. B. pedunculatus (from Olmi 1984). Scale bar 0.19 mm for A, 0.41 mm for B and C, 0.13 mm for D and 0.16 mm for E.

PLATE 67. A–C. Bocchus pedunculatus. D. B. reticulates. A. Dorsal view of male from Sarawak (from Olmi 1984). Length 2.7 mm. B. Lateral view of male from Sarawak (from Olmi 1984). Length 2.7 mm. C. Male genitalia of male from Malaysia. D. Holotype (from Xu et al. 2003). Scale bar 0.27 mm for C and 0.23 mm for D.

PLATE 68. A. Holotype, dorsal view. Length 3.0 mm. B, C. Chelae, holotypes. A, B. Bocchus rubricus (from Olmi 1984). C. B. rubrithorax (from Olmi 2005a). Scale bar 0.17 mm for B and 0.20 mm for C.

PLATE 69. A, B, D. Male genitalia. C. Head. E. Female, lateral view. A. Bocchus rubrithorax from India (from Olmi 2010). B. B. thai, holotype (from Olmi 2005a). C. B. viet, male paratype (from Olmi 1991). D. B. viet, male from Thailand. E. Thaumatodryinus sp. (from Olmi 1984). Length 6.5 mm. Scale bar 0.21 mm for A, 0.25 mm for B, 1.10 mm for C and 0.23 mm for D.