Dryinus pyrillae ( Kieffer, 1911 )

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 288-291

32. Dryinus pyrillae ( Kieffer, 1911)

( Plate 82A, D – F )

Lestodryinus pyrillae Kieffer 1911a: 108 ; Pruthi & Mani 1942: 423; Subba Rao 1957: 741.

Dryinus pyrillae (Kieffer) : Olmi 1991: 267; Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 228; Olmi 1999b: 28; Olmi 2000a: 94; He & Xu 2002: 272; Mita 2009b: 51 ; Mita & Okajima 2012: 154.

Dryinus trifasciatus Kieffer : Ponomarenko 1981b: 879.

Dryinus lankanus Olmi 1984: 821 (synonymized by Olmi 1991); type locality: 0.5 mi. W of Sigiriya ( Sri Lanka); Olmi 1986: 69; Olmi 1991: 267.

Richardsidryinus pyrillae (Kieffer) : Olmi 1984: 925.

Description of Female. Fully winged; length 3.2–6.0 mm. Head black, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of face (more along orbits) yellow or testaceous; occasionally malar space and ventral side of head testaceous; antenna testaceous; occasionally antenna brown, except segments 9–10 testaceous; mesosoma black; metasoma black or brown-reddish; legs testaceous; occasionally legs black, except tarsi testaceous. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 7:4:21.5:10:8:6:5:5:4:5. Head ( Plate 82A ) flat, dull, granulated (occasionally sparsely weakly rugose); face with some longitudinal keels; vertex with short transverse keels on sides of ocellar region; frontal line incomplete, not present only shortly near clypeus; occipital carina complete; POL = 5; OL = 4; OOL = 10; OPL = 1.5; TL = 5; occasionally TL about twice as long as POL and about as long as distance between outer margins of posterior ocelli. Pronotum dull, granulated, with some longitudinal keels on lateral regions; pronotum crossed by two transverse impressions, anterior impression slight and posterior one strong; posterior collar long; pronotal tubercle not reaching tegula. Scutum dull, granulated, reticulate rugose or with some areolae near posterior margin. Notauli complete, posteriorly separated. Scutellum dull, granulated. Metanotum rugose. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without longitudinal keels on posterior surface. Fore wing with three dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein much longer than proximal part. Protarsal segment 1 longer than segment 4 (18:15). Enlarged claw not spatulate ( Plate 82D ), with one strong subapical tooth and one row of 10–11 lamellae; in specimen from Thailand, Maerim, subapical tooth small ( Plate 82E ). Segment 5 of protarsus ( Plate 82D ) with two rows of 24–31 lamellae; distal apex with about 15 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Description of Male. Fully winged; length 2.0– 2.2 mm. Head black, except mandible testaceous; antenna testaceous; mesosoma black; metasoma brown; legs yellow. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 4:6:15:10:10:10:9:9:8:10. Head dull, granulated; frontal line absent; occipital carina complete, laterally not reaching eyes; temple reduced; posterior ocelli not touching occipital carina; OPL shorter than OL; OL shorter than POL. Scutum dull, hairy, granulated and with short irregular keels or slight areolae. Notauli complete or almost complete. Propodeum reticulate rugose, with two longitudinal keels on posterior surface. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands; distal part of stigmal vein about twice as long as proximal part. Genitalia with distivolsella situated near distal apex of penis ( Plate 82F ). Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype of L. pyrillae probably lost (it is not in IARI and in the main world collections) (the modern identification of D. pyrillae is based on topotypic material deposited in IARI); ♀ holotype of D. lankanus : SRI LANKA: Matale District, Kibissa , 0.5 mi. W of Sigiriya , 2.VII.1978, K. Krombein leg. ( USNM). Paratypes of D. lankanus : SRI LANKA: Moneragala District, Angunakolapelessa , 19.VI.1978, 30.IX–10.X.1977, K. Krombein leg., 2♀♀ ( USNM, AMNH); Kandy District, Kandy , Peak View Motel , 15–24.I.1970, Davis & Rowe leg., 3♀♀ ( USNM); Vavunyia District, 25 mi. NW of Medawachchiya , Parayanalankulam Irrigation Canal , 20–25.III.1970, Davis & Rowe leg., 3♀♀ ( USNM); Hambantota District, Palatupana tank, 2♀♀ ( USNM). Other material. CHINA: Guangdong, Guangzhou , 25.VI.1983, 26.VI.1983, Z. Bouček leg., 2♀♀ ( BMNH); Guangdong, Shixing County, Chebaling National Nature Reserve, 21.VIII.2003, Zaifu Xu leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Guangdong, Mt. Nankunshan, 15.VI.2007, Zaifu Xu leg., 1♀ ( SCAU); Yunnan, Gejiu, Manhao , 23.VII.2003, Zaifu Xu leg., 1♀ ( SCAU); Macao, X.1906, in R. Perkins collection, 1♀ ( USNM); Taiwan, Taipei, 16–30.X.1963, K.S. Lin, 1♀ ( TARI). INDIA: Bengal ( Kurian 1954a); Bihar, Pusa , 5.X.1929, on sugarcane, E. Hassan leg., 1♀ ( BMNH); same locality label, 1956, ex Pyrilla on sugarcane, 2♂ and 1♀ ( BMNH); same locality label, further ♀♀ and ♂ ( IARI); same locality label, 19.VI.1935, N. Ayyat leg., on sugarcane, 1♀ ( BMNH); Delhi, Indian Agricultural Research Institute ( IARI) Area, 28.X.1979, Z. Bouček leg., 1♀ ( BMNH) ( Kurian 1954a); Haryana ( BMNH); Haryana, Karnal ( IARI); Haryana, Karnal, Uchani ( IARI); Karnataka, Bangalore, Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control ( CIBC) Station , 25–27.IX.1982, A.D. Austin leg., 1♀ ( BMNH); Karnataka, near Bangalore, Doddagubbi , Bhujung-Tara Farm , 875 m ( RNHL); Kerala, Calicut, Kadalundhi ( BMNH); Kerala, Periyar Wildlife. Sanctuary , 5–15.X.1979, J. Noyes leg., 1♀ ( BMNH); Punjab, Ludhiana , 21.IX.1974, ex Pyrilla perpusilla, C.H. Raul Singh leg., two male ( BMNH); Tamil Nadu, Chennai (= Madras ), 5.XII.1977, ex Eurybrachis tomentosa , S. Swaminatham leg., 1♀ ( BMNH); Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore , 25.IX–1.X.1979, J. Noyes leg., 1♀ ( BMNH). INDONESIA: Sulawesi, Utara, Dumoga-Bone National Park ( BMNH, AMNH). JAPAN: Okinawa, Iriomote-jima, Otomi, 15–23.III.1995, Malaise trap, T. Matsumura leg., 1♀ ( NIAES) ( Mita , 2009b). LAOS: Attapeu Prov., 25 Km E Attapeu, 14°47'N 107°02'E, 118 m, 16.II.2010, J. Kantoh leg., 1♀ ( ELTU) ( Mita & Okajima , 2012). MALAYSIA: Sabah, 66 km W of Sandakan, 17.VIII.1983 ( USNM). NEPAL: Kapilvaslu District, Tikkar Camp, 5 Km N of Gorusingi , 27°43'N 83°03'E, 200 m ( USNM). PAKISTAN: Punjab, Lyallpur , 17.IX.1926, ex Pyrilla, R. Nath leg., 1♀ labelled Lestodryinus pyrillae by Kieffer ( BMNH); same locality label, 24.VIII.1926, 14.IX.1926, 15.IX.1926, bred from cocoons on sugarcane, 4♀♀ and 3♂ ( BMNH); same locality label, 22.VIII.1975, ex cage containing nymphs of Pyrilla perpusilla , 2♂ ( BMNH). PHILIPPINES: Central Visayas, Negros Oriental, Cuernos de Negros, 7 Km W Valencia , 700 m, 16–24.IV.1988, D.C. Darling & E. Mayordo leg., 1♀ ( CNC). SINGAPORE ( USNM). THAILAND: Chiang Mai Prov., Maerim ( NHMLA); Kanchanaburi Prov., Kanchanaburi, 100 m, IX,1986, M.G. Allen leg., 1♀ ( BMNH).

Hosts. Lophopidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997) : in India: Pyrilla aberrans (Kirby) ( Kurian, 1954a) ; Pyrilla perpusilla (Walker) ( Kurian, 1954a; Rahman & Nath, 1940; Subba Rao, 1957; Asre et al., 1983; Dhaliwal & Bains, 1983); Pyrilla pusana Distant ( Kurian, 1954a) .

Biology. Notes in Rahman & Nath (1940) and Subba Rao (1957); according to Subba Rao (1957) the species is usually parthenogenetic (arrhenotokous parthenogenesis); in India, Punjab, the species overwinters as pupa in the cocoon.

Natural enemies. In India, Punjab, the species is parasitized by the following Encyrtidae : Cheiloneurus sp. ( Rahman & Nath, 1940) and Cheiloneurus quadricolor ( Girault, 1915) ( Mani, 1939; Subba Rao, 1957). However, according to Anis & Hayat (2002) the above quotation of C. quadricolor may be considered doubtfull, because the authors could not check the original material on which the study of Subba Rao was based. According to Anis & Hayat (2002) in fact, in India there is a species of Cheiloneurus very similar to C. quadricolor : C. yasumatsui Trjapitzin, 1971 . According to Anis & Hayat (2002), it is possible that Mani and Subba Rao examined specimens of C. yasumatsui . C. quadricolor is in fact an Australian species and the quotation of Mani and Subba Rao is the only quotation in India. However, according to Guerrieri & Viggiani (2005), C. quadricolor and C. yasumatsui are synonyms and C. quadricolor gains priority over C. yasumatsui .

Distribution. China (Guangdong, Yunnan, Taiwan), Sri Lanka (Matale, Moneragala, Kandy, Vavunyia, Hambantota), India (Bengal, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Punjab, Tamil Nadu), Indonesia (Sulawesi), Japan (Okinawa), Laos (Attapeu), Malaysia (Sabah), Nepal (Kapilvaslu), Pakistan (Punjab), Philippines (Negros), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Kanchanaburi).

Figures

PLATE 82. A. Head. B, C–E. Chelae. F. Male genitalia. A. Dryinus pyrillae, Female. B. D. pulcher, holotype (from Olmi 1984). C. D. punctulatus, holotype (from Xu et al. 2008). D. D. pyrillae, from Pakistan (from Olmi 1984). E, F. D. pyrillae, from Thailand (E) and from India (F) (from Olmi 1984). Scale bar 1.66 mm for A, 0.23 mm for B, 0.32 mm for C, 0.27 mm for D, 0.34 mm for E and 0.14 mm for F.