Gonatopus flavifemur ( Esaki & Hashimoto, 1932 )

Xu, Zaifu, Olmi, Massimo & He, Junhua, 2013, Dryinidae of the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), Zootaxa 3614 (1), pp. 1-460 : 389-392

1. Gonatopus flavifemur ( Esaki & Hashimoto, 1932)

( Plates 121A–C , 122A, B )

Pseudogonatopus flavifemur Esaki & Hashimoto 1932: 28 ; Esaki & Hashimoto 1933: 20; Esaki & Hashimoto 1936: 20; Esaki & Mochizuki 1941: 26; Chiu 1979: 339; Chandra 1980a: 128; Chandra 1980b: 167; Olmi 1984: 1202; Chen 1988: 44; Barrion 2002: 71.

Pseudogonatopus flavifemus (sic) Esaki & Hashimoto : Chandra 1978a: 21.

Pseudogonatopus near hospes Perkins : Chandra 1978b: 5.

Dicondylus indianus Olmi 1984: 1384 (synonymized by He & Xu 2002); type locality: Holalu (Karnataka, India); Olmi 1991: 331.

Gonatopus flavifemur (Esaki & Hashimoto) : Guglielmino & Olmi 1997: 180–251; Olmi 1999b: 28; Olmi 2000a: 109; He & Xu 2002: 360; Guglielmino & Olmi 2006: 49, 50; Xu et al. 2011 g (Suppl.): 19.

Description of female ( Plate 121A ). apterous; length 3.0– 3.7 mm. Head brown or black, except mandible, clypeus and anterior region of face yellow; occasionally also occiput yellow; antenna brown or black, except segment 1 and occasionally also 10 totally or partly yellow; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs yellow, except club of profemur brown. Antenna clavate; antennal segments in following proportions: 20:14:32:20:16:15:15:13:15:32. Head excavated, shiny, granulated, with longitudinal keels on anterior region of face; frontal line incomplete, absent in anterior half of face; occipital carina absent; POL = 1; OL = 1; OOL = 7; occasionally OL longer than POL. Palpal formula 4/2. Pronotum shiny or dull, granulated, crossed by strong transverse impression, or not crossed, or very weakly impressed. Scutum shiny or dull, granulated, occasionally with some longitudinal keels. Scutellum shiny. Metanotum transversely striate, not hollow behind scutellum, about as long as scutellum, with sides rounded. Metathorax + propodeum dull, granulated, completely or almost completely transversely striate; occasionally anterior surface not transversely striate. Mesopleuron and metapleuron transversely striate. Meso-metapleural suture obsolete or very hardly distinct. Fore tarsal segments in following proportions: 17:2.5:5:14:21, or 21:3.5:6:17:25. Enlarged claw ( Plate 121B ) with one large subdistal tooth and one row of five–six lamellae. Segment 5 of protarsus ( Plate 121B ) with two rows of 13–23 lamellae; distal apex with 7–10 lamellae. Tibial spurs 1/0/1.

Description of male ( Plates 121C , 122A ). Fully winged; length 2.5–3.2 mm. Head black or brown, except mandible yellow; antenna brown; mesosoma black or brown; metasoma brown; legs yellow, occasionally with metacoxa brown. Antenna filiform; antennal segments in following proportions: 15:14:26:26:26:26:22:22:23:31; antennal segment 3 four or more than four times as long as broad. Head dull or shiny, hairy, granulated, without smooth oval areas on sides of posterior ocelli; frontal line absent; occipital carina absent; temple distinct; ocelli very large; POL = 10; OL = 3.5; OOL = 2; greatest breadth of posterior ocelli much longer than OL (5.5:2). Palpal formula 4/2. Scutum dull, hairy, granulated. Notauli complete, posteriorly joint or very close; occasionally slightly separated. Scutellum and metanotum shiny, smooth, weakly punctate, unsculptured among punctures. Propodeum reticulate rugose, without keels on posterior surface; occasionally median surface bordered by strong keels. Fore wing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Dorsal process of paramere ( Plate 122B ) reduced to an inner expansion of paramere. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.

Material examined. Types: ♀ holotype of P. flavifemur from Japan probably lost; ♀ holotype of D. indianus : INDIA: Karnataka, Mandya District, Holalu Village , Regional Research Station Mandya , VI.1976, ex Nilaparvata lugens nymph ( BMNH). Paratypes of D. indianus : CHINA: Taiwan, Gakko , 1♀ and 1♂ ( AMNH, ELKU); Taiwan , Shishi , 1♀ ( ELKU); INDIA: same locality label as holotype, 3♀♀ and 3♂ ( BMNH, AMNH); INDIA: Orissa, Cuttack, 30.I.1975, on rice, C.R.R.I., 1♀ ( BMNH); PHILIPPINES: Luzon Island, Laguna Prov., 4 Km E Los Baños , 14°10'N 121°15'E, 25.IX.1977, ex Nilaparvata lugens, G. Chandra leg., 1♀ ( BMNH). Other material. CHINA: Fujian, Shaxian, reared from rice planthoppers, Changming Liu leg., 3♀♀ and 3♂ ( ZJUC); Fujian, Yuncheng, 27.VIII.1988, Jian Huang leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Fujian, Shaowu, 1980, Jianhong Qiu leg., 1♂ ( ZJUC); Fujian, Mt. Wuyishan, 1983, Kechi Zhang leg., 2♂ ( ZJUC); Hubei, Wuchang, IX.1975, Shaonan Wang leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Hubei, Fangxian, 21.VIII.1982, Junhua He leg., 3♂ ( ZJUC); Hubei, Zhushan, 28.VIII.1982, Junhua He leg., 1♂ ( ZJUC); Guangdong, Zhaoqing, 1974, Ciwei Huang leg., 2♀♀ ( ZJUC); Guangdong, Zhaoqing , VII–VIII.1998, Yufang Liu leg., 2♀♀ ( ZJUC); Guangxi, Yongxian, 20.IX.1980, Tiansheng Pu leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Guangxi, Guixian, 1980, Tiansheng Pu leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Guangxi, Baise, XI.1980, 2♂ ( ZJUC); Guizhou, Sinan, XI.1986, Yuxiang Chen leg., 4♀♀ ( ZJUC); Guizhou, Sandu, VII.1981, Dongxiang Xie leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Guizhou, Dushan, 6.V.1980, Shengzhen Zhou leg., 1♀ ( ZJUC); Yunnan, Simao, 1982, Shiqing Yi leg., 3♂ ( ZJUC); Hainan, 1966, Junhua He leg., 3♂ ( ZJUC); Jiangsu, Liyang, 12.VII.1978, 1♂ ( ZJUC); Taiwan , Chiayi ( TARI); Taiwan , Taichung ( TARI); Taiwan , Taipei ( TARI); Zhejiang, Hangzhou , 1957, 1976, 1979, Junhua He et al. Leg., 1♀ and 12♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Lin'an, 1974, Junhua He leg., 1♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Yuhang, 1966, Cui He leg., 1♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Ningbo , 1975, 1♀ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Fenghua , 1980, 7♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang Shangyu, 1984, Haifu Wei leg., 3♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Jinhua, 1976, 1979, Yousen Yu leg., 1♀ and 1♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Dongyang, 1980, Hongxing Zhou leg., 3♂; Zhejiang, Tiantai, 1957, Junhua He leg., 1♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Huangyan, 1965, Junhua He leg., 5♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Lishui, 1975, 1981, 1982, Zhenfang Gu leg., 1♀ and 7♂; Zhejiang, Longquan, 20.VII.1975, Junhua He leg., 1♀ and 33♂ ( ZJUC); Zhejiang, Suichang, 1973, 1974, Junhua He leg., 1♀ and 18♂; Zhejiang, Yuyao , 1972, Junhua He leg., 9♂ ( ZJUC); Anhui, Yuexi, 1980, Fuan Yang leg., 1♂ ( ZJUC). INDIA: Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, AICRIP, 20.X.1977, ex Nilaparvata lugens nymph, 8♀♀ and 4♂ ( BMNH); Orissa, Cuttack, 1981, on BPH ( Nilaparvata lugens ), 6♀♀ ( BMNH); Tamil Nadu, Tanjore ( GCC). MALAYSIA: Malaya, Seberang Perai ( MARDI); Malaya, Serdang ( DBUS). PHILIPPINES: Luzon Island, Laguna Prov., 4 Km E Los Baños , 14°10'N 121°15'E, 25.IX.1977, ex Nilaparvata lugens, G. Chandra leg., many ♀♀ ( AMNH, GCC, IRRI). VIET NAM: Tieng Giang Prov., Chau Thanh District , Long Dinh Village , Southern Regional Plant Protection Center , ex cocoon on rice collected on 20.I.2009, M. Olmi leg., 1♀ ( MOLC). Australian region: AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Ayr ( AMNH, UCCW). Palaearctic: JAPAN: Kyushu, Fukuoka Pref., Fukuoka ( ELKU); Kyushu, Shikoku, Kochi Pref., Kami-gun ( AMNH, ELKN); Kyushu, Kochi Pref., Nangoku ( ELKN, MMC).

Hosts. Delphacidae ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997, 2006): in Australia: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997) ; in China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang): Nilaparvata bakeri (Muir) ( He & Xu, 2002) ; Saccharosydne procerus (Matsumura) ( He & Xu, 2002) ; Sogatella longifuricifera (Esaki & Ishihara) ( He & Xu, 2002) ; Toya propinqua (Fieber) ( He & Xu, 2002) ; in China (Taiwan): Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ( Chu & Hirashima, 1981) ; in India: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997) ; in Japan: Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) ( Kitamura, 1989c) ; Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ( Esaki & Hashimoto, 1933; Grist & Lever, 1969; Manjunath et al., 1978; Chiu, 1979; Olmi, 1984; Kitamura, 1987a, 1987b, 1989c); Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) ( Kitamura, 1989c) ; in Malaysia: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997) ; Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) ( Guglielmino & Olmi, 1997) ; in the Philippines: Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) ( Chandra, 1978a, 1978b, 1980a, 1980b; Barrion et al., 1981; Chua & Dyck, 1982; Olmi, 1984; Barrion, 2002); Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) ( Chandra, 1978a, 1978b, 1980a, 1980b; IRRI Entomology Department, 1980; Chua & Dyck, 1982; Barrion, 2002).

Biology. Information in Jervis et al. (1988), Kitamura (1989c) and Sahragard et al. (1991) (as Dicondylus indianus Olmi ).

Natural enemies. Encyrtidae ( Guerrieri & Viggiani, 2005) : Cheiloneurus exitiosus (R. Perkins) . In Viet Nam this species can be parasitized by Encyrtidae . M. Olmi reared seven male specimens of an unidentified Encyrtid from a cocoon on rice collected in the Southern Regional Plant Protection Center. In Thailand G. flavifemur can be parasitized by Trichomalus apanteloctena (Crawford) (Pteromalidae) ( Olmi, 2000a).

Distribution. China ( Taiwan, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan, Hainan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang), India (Karnataka, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu), Philippines (Luzon), Malaysia (Malaya), Viet Nam (Tieng Giang), Australia (Queensland), Japan (Kyushu).

Group 6

Two species are known.

Figures

PLATE 121. Gonatopus flavifemur. A. Female from Viet Nam. Length 3.0 mm. B. Chela of female from Japan (from Olmi 1984). C. Male (=Dicondylus indianus Olmi) from India (from Olmi 1984). Length 2.6 mm. Scale bar 0.20 mm for B.

PLATE 122. A. Male, lateral view. B–D. Male genitalia. E. Chela, holotype. A. Gonatopus flavifemur (=Dicondylus indianus Olmi) from India. Length 2.6 mm. B. G. flavifemur from Australia. C. G. lucens from Japan. D. G. pedestris from Finland. E. G. lucens. Scale bar 0.17 mm for B, 0.10 mm for C, 0.15 mm for D and 0.19 mm for E. (From Olmi 1984).