Cirsium kawakamii Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. 159. 1911.

Chang, Chih-Yi, Tzeng, Hsy-Yu & Tseng, Yen-Hsueh, 2019, Cirsium tatakaense (Compositae), a new species from Taiwan, PhytoKeys 117, pp. 119-132 : 124

Cirsium kawakamii Hayata in J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo. 159. 1911. Figs 4B , 5B , 6B , 7B

Type.

TAIWAN. Mt. Morrison, ca. 3000 m alt., 20 Oct.1906. T. Kawakami & U. Mori 2279 (holotype: TI!; isotype: TAIF!).

Description.

Perennial herbs, stems 0.5-1.8 m tall, without rosette leaves. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatisect, 27.5-30.6 cm long and 17.8-20.2 cm wide, U-shaped space between pinnae, smooth, elliptic to broadly elliptic, base truncate to cuneate, apex caudate, pinnae 8.3-10.4 cm long and 17.2-18.6 mm wide, space between pinnae 2.5-3.0 cm, 6-7 pairs. Capitula arranged into racemes or panicles, mature capitula nodding, involucre bowl shaped, 3.4-3.8 cm long and 1.5-2.0 cm wide. Involucre lacking abaxial appendages, inner phyllaries acute apically, outer phyllaries green with indistinct layers, 1.6-1.8 cm long and 1.8-2.4 mm wide, protrusion 6.0-11.0 mm. Florets with white corolla, 2.8-3.1 cm long, corolla lobes 5.2-6.0 mm long and 0.4-0.7 mm wide; 5 synantherous stamens, detached filaments with irregular protuberances, basal caudate extensions, white or brown, anthers 5.4-8.2 mm long, filaments 6.8-8.0 mm long. Stigmas bifid apically, style 2.0-3.4 cm long, ovaries 1.5-2.0 mm long. Achenes oblong, base acute, apex truncate, beige, 4.3-4.9 mm long and 1.7-1.8 mm wide, long tube-shaped beak apically. Pappus 1.3-2.1 cm long forming basal ring, easily shed.

Phenology.

Flowering between September and October and fruiting between October and November.

Distribution.

Endemic to central-northern Taiwan. Preference for gullies and valleys at 1500-3500 m alt. (Fig. 3 ).

Chinese name.

Yu-shan-ji (玉山薊).

Chromosome number.

2n=64 (Fig. 6B ).

Palynology.

Pollen grains are tricolporate, spheroidal, microreticulate and 31.7-34.5 × 34.3-37.1 μm (P/E ratio: 0.9-1.0). The surface is densely covered with spines that are 2.5-3.2 μm long and 2.1-2.2 μm wide at the base. The distance between spines is 7.6-8.8 μm (Fig. 7B ).

Additional specimen examined.

TAIWAN. Taoyuan City, Fuxing District, Mt. Lalashan, 1550-1700 m alt., 25 Sept. 1991. C. I Peng 14628 (HAST!). Miaoli County, Tai’an Township, Tunnel of Mt. Shishihshan to Mt. Huoshihshan, 2480 m alt., 18 Sept. 1995. C. M. Wang 1728 (TNM!). Taichung City, Heping District, Mt. Syue to Mt. Chihchiayangdashan, 3300 m alt., 10 Sept. 2014. C. Y. Chang et C. H. Liu 68 (TNM); Mt. Pintian to Mt. Dabajianshan, 2800 m alt., 24°26.52'N, 121°15.83'E, 13 Aug. 2014. C. Y. Chang 264 (TNM); Mt. Syue Trail 8.9 km, 3500 m alt., 24°23.53'N, 121°14.20'E, 3 Oct 2015. C. Y. Chang 774, 1271 (TCF). Nantou County, Ren’ai Township, Nengao cross-ridge historic trail 11 km, 2600 m alt., 24°2.79'N, 121°15.77'E, 29 Jan 2018. C. Y. Chang 1605 (TNM); Chengkung lodge, 3140 m alt., 31 July 2015. C. Y. Chang 654 (TNM); Guandao river, 22 Oct. 1932. S. Sasao s. n. (CHIA!); Mt. Hohwanshan, 3300 m alt., 15 Oct. 1994. Tunghai Collecting Team s. n. (TNM!). Hualien County, Xiulin Township, Sungshiuelou lodge to Dayuling, 3 Aug. 1974. C. N. Lin s. n. (KYO!).

Figures

Figure 3. Distribution map of Cirsium tatakaense Y. H. Tseng & C. Y. Chang (star); C. kawakamii Hayata (triangle); and C. arisanense Kitam. (circle) of Taiwan.

Figure 4. Holotypes of the three species of Cirsium sect. Onotrophe in Taiwan. A C. tatakaense Y. H. Tseng & C. Y. Chang, C. Y. Chang 1444 (TCF) B C. kawakamii Hayata, T. Kawakami & U. Mori 2279 (TI!) C C. arisanense Kitam., S. Kitamura s. n. (KYO!).

Figure 5. Comparison of the morphological characters amongst the species of Cirsium sect. Onotrophe in Taiwan. A C. tatakaense Y. H. Tseng & C. Y. Chang B C. kawakamii Hayata C C. arisanense Kitam.: 1 leaf 2 capitula 3 inner phyllary 3 ' middle phyllary 3 " outer phyllary 4 floret 4 ' floret (pappus removed) 5 synantherous 6 style branches 7 achene 7 ' achene with pappus.

Figure 6. Chromosome number of the two species of Cirsium subsect. Nipponocirsium Kitam. in Taiwan. A 2 n = 64, C. tatakaense Y. H. Tseng & C. Y. Chang B 2 n = 64, C. kawakamii Hayata. Scale bar: 5 μm.

Figure 7. Comparison of the pollen morphology of the three species of Cirsium sect. Onotrophe in Taiwan. A C. tatakaense Y. H. Tseng & C. Y. Chang B C. kawakamii Hayata C C. arisanense Kitam.: 1 polar view 2 equatorial view 3 colporate view. Scale bar: 30 μm.