Dryadaula orientalis Park & Yagi, 2024

Park, Jinhyeong, Yagi, Sadahisa, Kobayashi, Shigeki & Hirowatari, Toshiya, 2024, A new species of the genus Dryadaula Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Dryadaulidae) from Japan, with a redescription of D. epischista (Meyrick, 1936), ZooKeys 1217, pp. 327-342 : 327-342

Dryadaula orientalis Park & Yagi sp. nov.

Figs 4–11 , 13–15 , 17 , 30–44 , 49 , 50

Dryadaula epischista : Sakai 2013: 129, fig. 3-12 - 13 (nec Meyrick 1936) [examined]; Jinbo et al. 2014: fig. 8 (nec Meyrick 1936).

Type material.

Holotype: Japan: • 1 ♂ (Fig. 4 ); Tokyo, Itabashi, Akatsuka Park (35°47'05.4"N, 139°38'35.9"E); 26–27. VIII. 2022; J.-H. Park leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-028 ; DNA sample JHP-012 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000048 ; deposited in ELKU. Materials were preserved in ELKU and OMU . Paratypes: Japan: [Tokyo] • 1 ♂ (Fig. 5 ); Tokyo, Fuchu, Sengenyama Park (35°40'48.3"N, 139°30'01.5"E), 28. VIII. 2022; J.-H. Park leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-024 ; DNA sample JHP-013 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000049 • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Tokyo, Hachioji, Hatsuzawa, Mt. Hatsuzawa-yama ; 1–2. X. 2022; J.-H. Park & T. Hirowatari leg.; ( ELKU) • 1 ♀ (Fig. 9 ); same data; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000041 • 1 ♂; same data; genitalia slide No. JP-047 ; DNA sample JHP-037 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000052 • 1 ♀; same data; genitalia slide No. JP-039 ; DNA sample JHP-011 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000047 • 1 ♂ (Fig. 6 ); same data; DNA sample JHP-010 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000046 • [Shizuoka] 1 ♂; Shizuoka, Kamo, Shimoda, Toji ; 10. IX. 2022; LT; S. Yagi leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-035 ; DNA sample JHP-018 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000050 • [Kyoto] 1 ♀; Kyoto, Higashiyama-ku, Seikanji, Yamanouchi-cho ; 21. VI. 2014; H. SHIMIZU leg.; genitalia slide No. SK 978 ; Museum ID OPU-IN-LE 2018 XII 0195 ; ( OMU) • [Osaka] 1 ♀; Higashiosaka, Rokumanji-cho ; 14. IX. 2014; H. SHIMIZU leg.; genitalia slide No. SK 969; Museum ID OPU-IN-LE 2018 XII 0196 ; ( OMU) • 1 ♀; Yao-shi, Kodachi Jusan Toge, Fumin no mori ; 26. VIII. 2016; H. SHIMIZU leg.; genitalia slide No. SK 979; Museum ID OPU-IN-LE 2018 XII 0197 ; ( OMU) • 1 ♂; Hiraoka ; 16. VI. 1995; S. KOSINO (leg.); Museum ID OPU-IN-LE 2018 XII 0193 ; ( OMU) • 1 ♂; same data; genitalia slide No. SK 968 ; Museum ID OPU-IN-LE 2018 XII 0194 ; ( OMU) • [Ehime] 1 ♂ (Fig. 7 ); Matsuyama, Marunouchi, Matsuyama castle ; 30. VIII. 2016; J. Oku leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-026 ; DNA sample JHP-022 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000130 • [Fukuoka] 1 ♂; Fukuoka, Motooka, Kyushu Univ. (33.597N 130.214E); alt. 48 m; 4–18. IX. 2019; Malaise trap; Ent. Lab. Kyushu Univ. leg.; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000040 • 1 ♂; Fukuoka, Hakata, Higashi-hirao Park ; 19. VIII. 2022; LT; J.-H. Park leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-030 ; DNA sample JHP-014 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000053 • 1 ♀ (Fig. 10 ); Fukuoka, Nishi-ku, Kuwabara, Kyushu Univ. ; 1. VIII. 2020; S. Yagi leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-032 ; DNA sample SaY 643; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000054 • 1 ♂; same locality; 1. VIII. 2020; S. Yagi leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-027 ; DNA sample JHP-007 ; ( ELKU) • [Saga] 1 ♂ (Fig. 8 ); Matsuura-gun, Arita-cho, Hiroseyama ; 29. V. 2021; Yu Hisasue leg.; genitalia slide No. JP-029 ; DNA sample JHP-021 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000051 • [Kumamoto] 1 ♀ (Fig. 11 ); Matsubase, Natl. Agricultural Res. Center ; 6. VII. 2022; K. Goto leg.; DNA sample JHP-019 ; Museum ID ELKU -I-L-000055 .

Other materials.

[Fukuoka] • 1 ♂ 1 ♀; Fukuoka, Motooka, Kyushu Univ. (33.597°N, 130.214°E); alt. 48 m; 22. VIII – 4. IX. 2019; Malaise trap; Ent. Lab. Kyushu Univ. leg; ( ELKU) • 23 ♂ 26 ♀; Fukuoka, Motooka, Kyushu Univ. (33.597°N, 130.214°E); alt. 48 m; 4–18. IX. 2019; Malaise trap; Ent. Lab. Kyushu Univ. leg.; ( ELKU) • 1 ♂; same data; genitalia slide No. JP-042 ; ( ELKU) • 1 ♀; same data; genitalia slide No. JP-034 ; ( ELKU) • 1 ♀; (Fukuoka Pref.,) same locality (33.597°N, 130.214°E); alt. 48 m; 18. IX – 2. X. 2019; Malaise trap; Ent. Lab. Kyushu Univ. leg.; ( ELKU) • 1 ♀; (Fukuoka Pref.,) same locality (33.597°N, 130.214°E); alt. 48 m; 16–30. X. 2019; Malaise trap; Ent. Lab. Kyushu Univ. leg.; ( ELKU) .

Diagnosis.

The color of the general habitus is very similar to D. epischista , but the new species can be distinguished by the following characteristics of the male and female genitalia: in the male genitalia, spines in the left valva are absent (present in D. epischista ); in the female genitalia, a larger lateral abdominal swelling reaches the end of the abdomen in the eighth segment (smaller and not reaching the end of the abdomen in D. epischista ).

Description.

Male (Figs 4–8 ): Forewing length 3.0 mm, antenna length 2.4 mm in holotype, Forewing length 2.7–3.7 mm (N = 11); antenna length 1.9–2.6 mm in paratypes (N = 9). Similar to D. epischista except forewing ground color varies from bright orange to dull brown.

Male genitalia (Figs 13–15 , 30–44 , 49 , 50 ) Asymmetrical (Figs 13–15 ). Uncus elongated and weakly curved to tip, and weakly twisted at middle. Tegumen twisted to the left and slightly wider in the center, fused with vinculum. Vinculum narrowly arched; saccus equipped with an obtuse triangle lobe at middle (Figs 30 , 31 ). Gnathos absent. Right and left valva clearly asymmetrical (Figs 32–35 ). Right valva flat; basal half with broad triangular lobe, protrusions varied from sharp to rounded; apical half densely covered with relatively long setae; basally with small setose curved rod-shaped projection. (Figs 32 , 33 ). Left valva thick, but slenderer than right valva, tip paddle-like shaped, with lobate process; lobate process near apical part bearing spinose setae on dorsal surface (Figs 34 , 35 ). Sternite VIII hollow and curved claw-like shaped; apical spine short and thick; ventral margin with two slender projections, basal projection longer than central projection (Figs 36 , 37 ). Juxta rounded triangle and connected to left valva and phallus (Figs 13–15 , 38 ). Phallus asymmetrical elliptical with a curved, thick, and sharp spine apically; and with basal side of projection with or without a straight or curved thin projection; rounded projection attached to juxta; cornuti absent (Figs 39–44 ). Intersegmental membrane between seventh and eight tergite with a pair of free sclerites laterally; right free sclerite broad U-shaped (Figs 13 a , 14 a , 49 ); left free sclerite V-shaped (Fig. 50 ).

Female (Figs 9–11 ): Forewing length 3.0– 3.6 mm in paratypes (N = 7), Antenna length 2.2–2.3 mm in paratypes (N = 4). Almost all same as male, but white spot of subapical part of costal margin narrowed and connected to white line of costal margin in female.

Female genitalia. (Fig. 17 ) Sternite VIII covered with bristles, strongly sclerotized, right side markedly swollen posterolateral; terminal swelling passing the ventral edge; ostium bursae opening the posterior end of swelling. Right side of “ seventh segment ” slightly bulged. Right side of “ sixth segment ” with posteriorly protruded bulge. Median dent spherically and strongly concaves between right side of sixth and seventh segments. Papillae analis slender and short, same length as the apophyses posterioris. Apophysis posterioris relatively short, slightly longer than eighth abdominal segment. Ductus bursae and corpus bursae membranous. Ductus bursae thin tubular, 4 × as long as apophysis posterioris. Corpus bursae elliptical, densely wrinkled from ductus bursae side to the end (Fig. 17 a ).

Distribution.

Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu).

Biology.

The adults were observed between May and September. Adult females laid flat eggs on the dead leaves of monocotyledonous plants ( Sasa sp. ) during plastic rearing.

Etymology.

The new species name is derived from the Latin ‘ Orient’ (east) because the distribution of this species is restricted to eastern Asia.

DNA barcode.

Seven DNA barcodes from seven males and three females were generated and deposited in INSD and BOLD Systems (accession number / process ID (or sample ID )): OR 554987 / JHP 004-23 (for holotype), OR 55486 / JHP 005-23, OR 554985 / JHP 006-23, OR 554984 / JHP 007-23, OR 554983 / JHP 008-23, OR 554982 / JHP 009-23, OR 554981 / JHP 010-23, LC 843442 / ( JHP-014 ), LC 843443 / ( JHP-019 ), LC 843444 / (SaY 643) (for paratypes) (Table 1 ).

Remarks.

The phallus, right valva, and body color of this species exhibit marked geographical variation. Morphological variation was continuous, and there was little or no genetic distance between the specimens.

Many specimens of this species were collected in Malaise traps set at the forest margins in the forest of Kyushu University (26 ♂, 30 ♀).

Figures

Figures 4–11. Dryadaula orientalis sp. nov., adults 4 holotype, male, Tokyo, Itabashi, J. - H. Park leg., Museum ID ELKU - I-L- 000048 5–8 paratypes, male 5 Tokyo, Fuchu, J. - H. Park leg., ELKU - I-L- 000049 6 Tokyo, Hachioji, T. Hirowatari & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU - I-L- 000046 7 Ehime, J. Oku leg., ELKU - I-L- 000130 8 Saga, Yu Hisasue leg., ELKU - I-L- 000051 9–11 paratype, female 9 Tokyo, Hachioji, T. Hirowatari & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU - I-L- 000041 10 Fukuoka, Nishi-ku, S. Yagi leg., ELKU - I-L- 000054 11 Kumamoto, K. Goto leg., ELKU - I-L- 000055. Scale bars: 3 mm.

Figures 12–15. Overview of male genitalia 12 Dryadaula epischista (Meyrick, 1936), Fukuoka, Moji, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide No. JP- 044; SVIII = sternite VIII; U = uncus; PH = phallus; JX = juxta; LV = left valva; RV = right valva 13–15 Dryadaula orientalis sp. nov. 13 holotype, Tokyo, Itabashi, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide No. JP- 028 13 a right free sclerite 14 paratype, Tokyo, Koganei, J. - H. Park leg., JP- 024 14 a right free sclerite 15 paratype, Fukuoka, Hakata, J. - H. Park leg., JP- 030. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

Figures 16, 17. Overview of female genitalia, ventral view 16 Dryadaula epischista (Meyrick, 1936), Fukuoka, Moji, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide No. JP- 051 16 a corpus bursae 17 Dryadaula orientalis sp. nov., paratype, Tokyo, Hachioji, T. Hirowatari & J. - H. Park leg., JP- 050 17 a corpus bursae. Scale bars: 0.3 mm.

Figures 30–44. Details of male genitalia of Dryadaula orientalis sp. nov. 30–40 Tokyo, Hachioji, T. Hirowatari & J. - H. Park leg., Museum ID ELKU - I-L- 000046 30, 31 uncus, tegmen, vinculum 30 dorsal view 31 lateral view 32, 33 right valva 32 internal view 33 lateral view 34, 35 left valva 34 lateral view 35 dorsal view 36, 37 sternite VIII 36 lateral view 37 dorsal view 38 juxta, dorsal view 39, 40 phallus 39 dorsal view 40 lateral view 41, 42 phallus, Fukuoka, Nishi-ku, Ent. Lab. Kyushu Univ. leg., ELKU - I-L- 000040 41 dorsal view 42 lateral view 43, 44 Osaka, Hiraoka, S. Kosino leg., Museum ID OPU-IN-LE 2018 XII 0194 43 dorsal view 44 lateral view. Scale bars: 0.3 mm (30–37, 39–44); 0.1 mm (38).

Figures 45–50. Free sclerites 45–48 D. epischista (Meyrick, 1936) 45, 47 Fukuoka, Moji, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide No. JP- 025 45 right free sclerite 47 left free sclerite 46, 48 Nagano, Matsumoto, J. - H. Park leg., Museum ID ELKU - I-L- 000045 46 right free sclerite 48 left free sclerite 49, 50 D. orientalis sp. nov. 49 right free sclerite, Fukuoka, Nishi-ku, Ent. Lab. Kyushu Univ. leg., JP- 042 50 left free sclerite, Tokyo, Hachioji, T. Hirowatari & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU - I-L- 000046 Scale bars: 0.05 mm.