Clidemia hirta ( Linnaeus 1753: 390 ) Don (1823: 309)

Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly Cristina Da, Baumgratz, José Fernando A. & Nunes-Freitas, André Felippe, 2014, Melastomataceae in a continental Atlantic Forest island from southeastern Brazil, Phytotaxa 183 (2), pp. 61-92 : 67

1.1. Clidemia hirta ( Linnaeus 1753: 390) Don (1823: 309) . [ Figs. 3a , 4a–d ]

Shrubs 0.6–1.5 m; indumentum of the branches, leaves, inflorescences and hypanthium sparsely setose, setulose and furfuraceous-stellulate, in addition to glandular-setulose trichomes, glandular head usually caducous. Petioles 0.6–2.2 cm long; blade 7.9–13 × 4.6–7.2 cm, papyraceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, base obtuse, apex acute to acuminate, margin crenulate, ciliolate; adaxial surface bullate, abaxial surface also with stellate-pedicellate trichomes; acrodromous veins 5, the inner 3–4 mm suprabasal. Thyrsoids 1.5–2.8 mm long; bracts 2–3 × 1–1.5 mm, triangular-acuminate, bracteoles 1.5–2.3 × 0.6–1.1 mm, ovate-acuminate. Hypanthium 3–5.1 × 2.5–4.1 mm, campanulate; inner torus with an irregular tooth-fimbriated membranaceous ring; calyx with external lobes 3–4.8 × 0.1–0.5 mm, subulate, internal lobes slightly denticulate or reduced to a membranaceous and sinuous ring; petals 6.5–7 × 2.8–3.1 mm, obovate, apex rounded; stamens with filaments 1.2–2.5 mm long; anthers 3.5–5 mm long, connective prolonged ca. 0.1 mm, appendage slightly bilobed; ovary 2.8–4.5 × 1.1–2 mm, partly inferior, 5-celled, glabrous; style 5.7–7.2 mm long. Bacidium 5–8 × 3.1–6 mm, setose or glandular-setulose, glandular head caducous or not; seeds 0.4–0.9 × 0.1–0.5 mm.

Specimens examined:— 7.VII.2007, fr., K.C. Silva 16 (RB, RBR) ; 23.II.2008, fl., fr., K.C. Silva 29 (RB, RBR) ; 29.VII.2008, fl., fr., K.C. Silva 42 (RBR) ; 9.I.2010, fl., fr., K.C. Silva 61 (RBR) ; 22.I.2010, fl., fr., K.C. Silva 67 (RBR) .

Distribution:— Clidemia hirta is widely distributed species from Central America to Argentina ( Baumgratz et al. 2006). In Brazil it is found in almost all states, usually in open areas, sunny and very anthropized habitats ( Baumgratz et al. 2006; Michelangeli & Reginato 2012). It is classified as Vulnerable for the municipality of Rio de Janeiro ( Baumgratz 2000). In Malaysia, Hawaii, Tanzania, and Madagascar it has become a naturalized weed ( Almeda 2009, Gleason 1939, Wurdack 1962, 1980).

Comments:—This is the first record for Marambaia, where C. hirta only occurs in Dense Submontane Ombrophilous Forest. It is distinguished mainly by the inner torus with an irregular tooth-fimbriated membranaceous ring, and calyx with slightly denticulate internal lobes or reduced to a membranaceous and sinuous ring. Additional illustrations in Baumgratz et al. (2006), and Matsumoto & Martins (2009).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Clidemia hirta (L.) D.Don: a. flower and fruit. Clidemia urceolata: b. flower. Huberia ovalifolia: c. flower; d. fruits. Leandra reversa: e. inflorescence. Marcetia taxifolia: f. flowers. Miconia albicans: g. fruits and floral buds. Miconia calvescens: h. flowers. Miconia chartacea: i. leaves. Miconia cinnamomifolia: j. branches with interpetiolar pseudo-stipules; k. fruits. Miconia cubatanensis: l. inflorescence. Miconia dodecandra: m. fruits. Miconia prasina: n. inflorescence. Miconia pusilliflora: o. inflorescence. Ossaea marginata: p. flowers; q. fruit. Tibouchina corymbosa: r. fruits. Tibouchina estrellensis: s. flower. Tibouchina gaudichaudiana: t. flower; u. fruit. Tibouchina granulosa: v. flower. Tibouchina heteromalla: x. flower. Tibouchina trichopoda: z. flower.

FIGURE 4. Clidemia hirta: a. flowering branch; b. floral bud; c. calyx lobes; d. petal (Silva 42). Clidemia urceolata: e. flowering branch; f. detail of branch indumentum; g. floral bud; h. petal; i. fruit; j. seed (Silva 50). Huberia ovalifolia: k. leaf: abaxial surface; l. flower; m. calyx; n. disruptive capsule, showing the disruption of hypanthium; o. seed (k. Menezes 826; l–m. Silva 92; n. Silva 32; o. Menezes 826). Marcetia taxifolia: p. floriferous branch; q. antipetalous stamen; r antisepalous stamen; s. fruit: loculicidal capsule; t. seed (Menezes 252).