Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898)

Angulo, Arturo & López-Sánchez, Myrna I., 2017, New records of lampriform fishes (Teleostei: Lampriformes) from the Pacific coast of lower Central America, with comments on the diversity, taxonomy and distribution of the Lampriformes in the eastern Pacific Ocean, Zootaxa 4236 (3), pp. 573-591 : 574-579

Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898) — TRACHIPTERIDAE

Polka-dot ribbonfish (En); Listoncillo moteado (Sp) ( Figure 1 , Tables 1 and 2 )

Material examined. 1 specimen ( UCR 3054.006 ); prejuvenile, 100.83 mm TL, 91.21 mm SL, collected off Panama, eastern Pacific Ocean, 4° 29' 41.2794" N, 82° 23' 24" W, on 20 June 1973, by R.E. Pieper on board of the R/ V Velero IV, with a Isaac Kid Midwater trawl ( IKMWT), at a depth of 300 m .

Diagnostic characters. A member of Trachipteridae in congruence with the diagnostic characters listed for the family in Heemstra & Kannemeyer (1984, 1986b), Olney (2003d) and Nelson (2006). Generic and specific diagnostic characters are listed below, all in accordance with descriptions of specimens by Smith (1966, as Trachipterus woodi Smith, 1953 ), Fitch (1964), Bauchot & Bianchi (1984), Heemstra & Kannemeyer (1984) and Zacharia & Kannan (2012).

Ventral portion of tail smooth (vs. covered by spiny plates or bony tubercles in species of Trachipterus and Zu Walters & Fitch, 1960); caudal fin not divided in two lobes (vs. divided in two lobes in species of Trachipterus and Zu); snout length shorter than eye diameter (vs. greater than eye diameter in D. lorum ); scales absent (vs. present in prejuveniles and small juveniles of D. lorum ); precaudal vertebrae nineteen (vs. 21–25 in D. lorum ), preanal vertebrae 38 (vs. 46–51 in D. lorum ), total vertebrae 72 (vs. 106–110 in D. lorum ); caudal-fin rays eight (vs. 5–7 in D. lorum ) ( Rosenblatt & Butler 1977).

……continued on the next page Documented records in the eastern Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean

Species—FAMILY Global distribution distribution

Museum (voucher) lots Literary references

Lophotus capellei Temminck Probably LACM 34176-1 anđ 47301-1; SIO 00-121, 48- Fitch & Lavenberg (1968, as L. cristatus Off California , USA, anđ Baja Schlegel , 1845 circumglobal, in 245, 49-4, 60-180, 60-548, 62-427,62-773, 64- Johnson , 1863), Eschmeyer & Heralđ (1983, California , Mexico. LOPHOTIDAE tropical anđ 236, 65-686 anđ 88-140. as L. cristatus ), Charter & Moser (1996a, b, as

subtropical waters. L. lacepede Giorna, 1809 ), Craig et al. (2004),

Jiménez-Rosenberg et al. (2010, as L.

lacepede ), Avenđaño-Ibarra et al. (2014, as L.

lacepede ).

Documented records in the eastern Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean

Species—FAMILY Global distribution distribution Museum (voucher) lots Literary references

Trachipterus fukuzakii Fitch , Eastern Pacific Ocean CAS 50172 (Paratype); CU 69222 ; FMNH Fitch (1964, 1967), Miller & Lea (1972), From Oregon, USA, to Chile,

1964— TRACHIPTERIDAE 62162 (Paratype); IORAS 02047; LACM Eschmeyer & Heralđ (1983), Pequeño (1989, with occurrence recorđs off 8977-1, 8977-2, 30833-1, 33564-1, 38382-1, 2011), Cortes et al. (1995), Charter & Moser the coasts of USA (south of 38438-1, 46052-13, 55976-1, 58189-1; SIO (1996a, đ), Butler et al. (1997), Chirichigno & Oregon), Mexico (incluđing 59-246, 72-369; USNM 175344 (Holotype), Vélez (1998), Savinykh & Baitalyuk (2011), the Gulf of California), 175345 (Paratype). Del Moral-Flores et al. (2013). Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ecuađor Peru, anđ Chile).

Trachipterus trachypterus Circumglobal , in CAS 62316; FMNH 120657; HUMZ 167755 ; Kner (1859, as T. altivelis ), Fitch (1964, as T. From Alaska, USA, to Chile,

Gmelin, 1789) tropical anđ IZUA 1298; LACM 9087-23, 9369-3*, 9627- altivelis ), Miller & Lea (1972, as T. altivelis ), with occurrence recorđs off

TRACHIPTERIDAE subtropical waters; 32*, 9656-16*, 9856-23*, 9368-5*, 9408-6, Hart (1973, as T. altivelis ), Eschmeyer & the coasts of Canađa, USA but probably a species 9965-65, 54616-24, 56163-1; MNHNC 6891 ; Heralđ (1983, as T. altivelis ), Shenker (1983, (incluđing Alaska) , Mexico, complex. MZUC 23131; plus several specimens as T. altivelis ), Nakamura et al. (1986), Costa Rica (incluđing the catalogueđ as T. altivelis Kner, 1859 ( CAS: 33 Matarese et al. (1989, as T. altivelis ), Pequeño Cocos Islanđ ) , Colombia, lots**, CMNFI: 5 lots**, CU: 2 lots**, (1989), McAllister (1990, as T. altivelis ) , Ecuađor (incluđing the LACM: 91 lots**, MCZ: 1 lot**, MNHN: 1 Pequeño (1991, 2011), Melénđez & Clément Galapagos Islanđs) , Peru anđ lot**, NMW 22046 (Holotype), OS: 14 lots**, (1992), Cortes et al. (1995), Charter & Moser Chile).

SBMNH: 3 lots**; SIO: 122 lots***; USNM: (1996a, đ, as T. altivelis ), Butler et al. (1997,

2 lots**, UW: 822 lots**). as T. altivelis ), Chirichigno & Vélez (1998, as

T. altivelis ), Mecklenburg et al. (2002, as T.

altivelis ), Kweon (2009), Jiménez-Rosenberg

et al. (2010, as T. altivelis ), Savinykh &

Baitalyuk (2011).

cristatus (Bonelli, 1820) Circumglobal , in CNPE-IBUNAM 11300; HUMZ 167757 ; Miller & Lea (1972), Chirichigno (1978), From California USA, to

TRACHIPTERIDAE tropical anđ LACM 30176-1, 42401-1, 55978-1; SIO 05 - Pequeño (1989, 2011), Eschmeyer & Heralđ Chile, with occurrence recorđs subtropical waters; 154, 08- 86, 10-170, 47-12, 52-93, 63-299, 64- (1983), Charter & Moser (1996a, đ), off the coasts of USA (south but probably a species 396, 66-272, 71-341, 73-302, 74-17, 74-22, Chirichigno & Vélez (1998), Aceves-Međina of California) , Mexico complex 2. 82-41, 92-30, 95-98, 95-152; USNM 430644 . et al. (2003), Kweon (2009), McCosker & (incluđing the Gulf of Rosenblatt (2010), Avenđaño-Ibarra et al. California), Colombia, (2014) . Ecuađor (incluđing the Galapagos Islanđs) , Peru anđ Chile).

Hyđe et al. (2014) reports đivergences of 2.7Q12.4% in COI sequences inđicating at least five species worlđwiđe, two of them in the north Pacific Ocean. Gaither et al. (2015) noteđ that sequences from BOLD form two bins that are 6.5% đivergent; the first incluđes a sequence from the Atlantic Ocean while the seconđ incluđes GenBank barcođes, by researchers in Japan, from the Pacific Ocean (see điscussion in Hyđe et al. 2014).

Species iđentification neeđs to be corroborateđ.

See đata on: http://fishnet2.net/search.aspx.

See đata on: http://collections.ucsđ.eđu/mv/fish/act̲searchCollection.php?name= Trachipteriđae + Trachipterus + altivelis .

Heemstra &

Bauchot & Bianchi Zacharia & Kannan

Character UCR 3054.006 Smith (1966) ± Kannemeyer

(1984) (2012)

(1984)±± Morphometrics

Description. Measurements and counts, as well as comparative data, are presented in Table 2 . Body leafshaped, obovate, compressed, and naked. Dorsal profile almost vertical on head and curved on back, becoming straight along the tail; ventral profile sloping down from tip of lower jaw to pelvic fin, tapering almost convexly back to anus and becoming more sharply to the beginning of the tail and along the tail; tail thin and relatively long. Maximum body depth just behind of pelvic-fin base.

Head length about 29% of snout-vent length; snout length about 81% of eye diameter; end of maxilla behind middle of eye. Dorsal-fin origin anterior to middle of orbit; first dorsal-fin rays apparently elongated but broken, subsequent rays relatively short, becoming longer toward the middle region of the body, with the maximum height of fin posterodorsal to the anus; pectoral fins low, originating anterior to pelvic-fin origin; pelvic fins close together, apparently elongated but broken; caudal fin not divided in two lobes.

Color in live not recorded. Color in alcohol (see Figure 1 ) light brown, with numerous and conspicuous dark spots, which are somewhat larger and more widely spaced posteriorly and above midline, and a narrow dark streak on back along dorsal-fin base, running out the caudal-fin base.

Remarks. Since the establishment of the genus by Walters & Fitch (1960), Desmodema has been reviewed by several authors, including Fitch (1964), from the eastern Pacific Ocean, Rosenblatt & Butler (1977), from the whole Pacific Ocean, Heemstra & Kannemeyer (1984), from South African waters, and Ji et al. (2009), from Korean waters. The genus was considered monotypic until the paper of Rosenblatt & Butler (1977) in which the species D. lorum was described from specimens collected in the northern Pacific Ocean. As noted above (and in the key; see below), both species ( D. polystictum and D. lorum ) can be clearly separated by differences in several meristic and morphometric characters.

Desmodema polystictum was not listed by Bussing & López (1994, 2005, 2009, 2011) for the Pacific coast of lower Central America. Our specimen represents, on the basis of Rosenblatt & Butler (1977), the first documented record of the species in Panamanian Pacific waters as well as the second documented record of the species in lower Central American Pacific waters.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Desmodema polystictum (Ogilby, 1898), UCR 3054.006, prejuvenile, 100.83 mm TL, 91.21 mm SL, collected off Panama, eastern Pacific Ocean. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Tables

TABLE 1. Species of Lampriformes with đocumenteđ (museum or literature) recorđs in the eastern Pacific Ocean.

Species—FAMILY	Global distribution	Documented records in the eastern Pacific Museum (voucher) lots	Ocean Literary references	Eastern Pacific Ocean distribution
Agrostichthys parkeri	Southern portions of	Information not available.	Pequeño (2011).	Off Chile.
(Benham 1904) — REGALECIDAE	all major Oceans.

TABLE 2. Measurements anđ counts of Desmodema polystictum from Panama (UCR 3054.006) anđ comparative literature đata. Measurements not attainable (i. e. structure absent, broken or inconspicuous) or unavailable are representeđ with an en-đash (Q).

Total length (mm)	100.83	118 (Mutilateđ)	197	Q	1070
Stanđarđ length (mm)	91.21	=125	179	96	Q
Heađ length (mm)	19.04	Q	29	Q	98
Heađ length (%SL)	20.9	=19.2	16.2	Q	Q
Heađ đepth (%SL)	26.5	Q	Q	Q	Q
Greatest bođy đepth (%SL)	31.6	=30.3	31.3	Q	Q
Bođy đepth at anus (%SL)	14.7	Q	Q	Q	Q
Snout to đorsal-fin origin length (%SL)	6.7	Q	Q	Q	Q
Snout to pectoral-fin origin length (%SL)	18.9	Q	Q	Q	Q
Pectoral fin length (%SL)	8.5	Q	Q	Q	Q
Pectoral-fin base (%SL)	2.7	Q	Q	Q	Q
Snout to pelvic-fin origin length (%SL)	22.5	Q	Q	Q	Q
Pelvic fin length (%SL)	8.4	Q	Q	Q	Q
Pelvic fin base (%SL)	3.7	Q	Q	Q	Q
Snout to vent length (%SL)	70.7	=70.0	64.2	70.8	Q
Snout length (%HL)	26	Q	32.8	Q	33.7
Maxillary length (%HL)	36.7	Q	Q	Q	Q
Maxillary đepth (%HL)	21.9	Q	Q	Q	Q
Orbit điameter (%HL)	31.8	=35.7	36.2	Q	38.8
Post-orbital heađ length (%HL)	46	Q	Q	Q	Q
Meristics
Dorsal-fin elements	118	134?	127	128	121
Pectoral-fin elements	12	13	13	13	14
Pelvic-fin elements	6	7?	9	9	Q
Cauđal-fin elements	8	Q	7	8	8
Gill-rakers on first gill arch (epibranchial+ceratobranchial) * As Trachipterus woodi . ** SAM 27786 specimen.	3+9	3+9	3+9	3+9	3+9