Cambalida dippenaarae, Haddad, Charles Richard, 2012

Haddad, Charles Richard, 2012, A revision of the Afrotropical spider genus Cambalida Simon, 1909 (Araneae, Corinnidae), ZooKeys 234, pp. 67-119 : 87-91

Cambalida dippenaarae sp. n. Figures 1-4, 14-39, 42, 44-49, 53, 70-73

Type material.

Holotype male, together with one paratype male. ZAMBIA: Livingstone, Quarry near Livingstone Airport, 17°47.998'S, 25°46.588'E, leg. C. Haddad & J. Parau, 1.XII.2006 (leaf litter) (NCA 2007/625).

Paratypes.

SOUTH AFRICA:Eastern Cape Province:Kei Mouth, 32°41.206'S, 28°22.497'E, leg. C. Haddad, 8.XII.2005 (leaf litter, coastal forest), 1♂ 2♀ (NCA 2006/1290). Free State Province: Bloemfontein, Free State National Botanical Gardens, 29°03'S, 26°13'E, leg. C. Haddad, 3.I.2011 (sifting leaf litter), 1♀ (NMBA 16157); Same locality, 29°02'S, 26°12'E, leg. V. Butler, 25.XI.2009 ( Cussonia paniculata leaf litter), 1♂ (NMBA 15727); Same data, 18.IX.2009, 2♀ (NMBA 15666); Same locality, 29°08'S, 26°10'E, leg. L. Lotz, XI.2006 (pitfall traps, next to ridge under tree), 1♂ (NMBA 10941); Brandfort district, Florisbad Research Station, 28°46'S, 26°05'E, 1250m a.s.l., leg. L.N. Lotz, 1-15.II.1988 (pitfall traps), 1♀ (NMBA 3829). KwaZulu-Natal Province: Ndumo Game Reserve, Crocodile farm, 26°54.426'S, 32°19.185'E, leg. C. Haddad, 17.I.2006 (on ground surface), 1♂ 2♀ (NCA 2006/423); Same locality, Environmental Centre, 26°54.955'S, 32°18.376'E, leg. C. Haddad & V. Swart, 6.XII.2009 (base of grass tussocks, broadleaf woodland), 1♀ (TMSA 23628); Tembe Elephant Park, Sparse woodland, 26°57'S, 32°23'E, leg. C. Haddad, 6.I.2002 (searching, leaf litter), 1♀ (NCA 2007/3543); Same locality, 27°01'S, 32°24'E, leg. C. Haddad, 5.I.2002 (leaf litter, deep sand forest), 5♀ (NCA 2002/378); Umziki Pan, near Hluhluwe [28°02'S, 32°19'E], leg. P. Reavell, 12.II.1990 (at night on tree trunk), 1♀ (NMSA). North-West Province: Marikana, Buffelspoort, 25°45'S, 27°29'E, leg. A.S. Honiball, 30.XI.2006, 1♂ 1♀ (NCA 2007/1155); Vryburg district, Weltevrede Farm, 27°24.976'S, 24°29.906'E, leg. R. Lyle, R. Fourie, D. du Plessis & J. Adendorff, 8-12.I.2008 (garden, active collecting), 1♂ 2♀ (NCA 2009/3676). ZAMBIA: Wildlives Game Farm, near Choma, open savanna, 16°58.974'S, 26°38.974'E, leg. C. Haddad, 4.XII.2006 (leaf litter), 3♂ 7♀ (NCA 2007/552); Same locality, Nabuyani River, 16°59.615'S, 26°38.093'E, leg. C. Haddad, 3.XII.2006 (leaf litter), 7♂ 16♀ (NCA 2007/1126).

Other material examined. BOTSWANA: Okavango Delta, near Shakawe, Lesideng Research Camp, 18°25.822'S, 21°53.771'E, leg. C. Haddad, 25.XI.2006 (leaf litter), 1imm. 5♂ (NCA 2007/937); Same locality, leg. C. Haddad, 26-29.XI.2006 (night collecting), 1♂ 2♀ (NCA 2007/974); Same locality, leg. C. Haddad, 26. XI– 11.XII.2006 (pitfalls, riverine forest), 1♀ (NCA 2007/1116); Samochima lagoon, Shakawe Fishing Camp, 18°25.749'S, 21°54.035'E, leg. C. Haddad, 10.XII.2006 (leaf litter), 1imm. 2♀ (NCA 2007/1050). MOZAMBIQUE: Morrungulo Resort, 12m a.s.l., 23°13.983'S, 35°29.587'E, leg. C. Haddad, R. Lyle & R. Fourie, 6.XII.2007 (leaf litter, dune forest), 2imm. 3♂ 1♀ (NCA 2008/188). NAMIBIA: Caprivi strip, 34km E of Divun gu, 18°02.944'S, 21°54.611'E, leg. C. Haddad, 30.XI.2006 (under rocks), 2♀ (NCA 2007/907). SOUTH AFRICA: Eastern Cape Province: Cwebe Nature Reserve, The Haven, 32°14.497'S, 28°54.653'E, leg. C. Haddad, 30.X.2006 (grassy litter behind dunes), 1imm. 1♂ (NCA 2007/243); Great Fish River Reserve, at Selbourne, 33°08'S, 26°39'E, leg. M. Burger, 5.XII.1993 (pitfall traps), 1♀ (NCA 96/58); Sundays River Valley, 33°23'S, 25°26'E, leg. H. Potgieter, 23.XI.1999 (pitfall traps, citrus orchard), 4♂ (NCA 2000/236). Gauteng Province:Kloofendal Nature Reserve, near Roodepoort, 26°08'S, 27°52'E, leg. A. Leroy, 9.I.1988 (pitfall traps), 1♀ (NCA 89/151). KwaZulu-Natal Province: 15km N of Richard's Bay, 28°47'S, 32°06'E, leg. T. Wassenaar, 10.XII.1996 (pitfall traps, rehabilitated coastal forest), 1♂ (NCA 97/841); iSimangaliso [Greater St Lucia] Wetlands Park, Eastern Shores Nature Reserve, 29°05.726'S, 26°09.435'E, leg. C. Haddad, 3.VII.2007 (leaf litter), 1imm. 1♀ (NCA 2007/2899); iSimangaliso [Greater St Lucia] Wetlands Park, Hell's Gate, 28°02.3'S, 32°26.0'E, leg. J. Esterhuizen, 19.I.2003 (tsetse fly traps), 1♂ (NCA 2004/795); Ithala Game Reserve, Ngubhu loop, near ruins, 27°30.817'S, 31°14.304'E, leg. C. Haddad, R. Fourie & D. du Plessis, 1.VII.2007 (under rocks),6imm. 1♂ (NCA 2007/2814); Same locality, Doornkraal Camp, 27°30.735'S, 31°12.231'E, leg. C. Haddad & R. Fourie, 29.VI.2007 (sifting leaf litter), 14imm. 2♀ (NCA 2007/2875); Kosi Bay Nature Reserve, 26°57.767'S, 32°48.981'E, leg. C. Haddad, 15.IV.2006 (leaf litter, coastal forest), 1imm. 1♂ (NCA 2006/757); Ophathe Game Reserve, Montane grassland, 28°25.344'S, 31°23.957'E, 897m a.s.l., leg. C. Haddad, 4.X.2008 (sifting leaf litter), 6imm. 1♂ (NCA 2008/3900); Tembe Elephant Park, 27°01'S, 32°24'E, leg. C. Haddad, 5.I.2002 (leaf litter, deep sand forest), 2♂ 1♀ (NCA 2002/523). Limpopo Province: Klein Kariba, near Warmbaths [Bela-Bela], 24°52'S, 28°20'E, 1140m a.s.l., leg. A. Leroy, 27.XI.1996, 1♀ (NCA 2004/830); Little Leigh, 22°56.910'S, 29°52.177'E, leg. I. Sinthumule, 22.XI.2005 (gallery forest), 1♂ (NCA 2009/2041); Same locality, leg. B. van der Waal, 22.XI.2005 (gallery forest), 2♂ (NCA 2010/3324); Mabula Lodge, near Warmbaths [Bela-Bela], 24°50'S, 27°57'E, leg. J. Loubser, 16.VII.1989 (running with ants in leaf litter), 1♀ (NCA 91/431); Same locality, leg. J. Leroy, 16.XII.1989 (running with ants in leaf litter), 1♀ (NCA 91/434); Nylsvlei Nature Reserve, Naboomspruit, 24°39'S, 28°40'E, leg. G. Ferreira, 27.X.1975 (pitfalls), 1♂ (NCA 87/265); Roedtan, between Settlers and Tuinplaas (Springbokvlake), leg. M. van Jaarsveld, 26.III.2003 (pitfall traps, grass), 1♀ (NCA 2003/1336); Soutpansberg Mountains, Lajuma Mountain Retreat, Island 4, 23°01.894'S, 29°26.123'E, leg. M. Mafadza, 5.XII.2004 (woodland litter sifting), 1♂ 2♀ (NCA 2006/961); Same locality, Island 4, 23°01.894'S 29°26.123'E, leg. M. Mafadza, 28.XI.2004 (sifting leaf litter, sample 2), 1♀ (NCA 2005/1888); Same locality, leg. M. Mafadza, 28.XI.2004 (active searching), 1♂ (NCA 2005/2025); Same locality, leg. C. Haddad, 6.II.2008 (base of grass tussocks), 4♀ (NCA 2008/508); Tshulu, 22°35'S, 30°48'E, leg. S. Foord, 21.II.2008 (pitfall traps), 1♀ (NCA 2008/2876). Mpumulanga Province: Nelspruit, Agricultural College, 25°21'S, 31°46'E, leg. P. Stephen, 22.XII.1998 (pitfall traps, grapefruit orchard), 1♀ (NCA 99/133); Same locality, leg. P. Stephen, 12.XI.1999 (pitfall traps, citrus orchard), 2♂ 1♀ (NCA 2000/184). North West Province: Magaliesberg, Hartebeespoort, 25°43'S, 27°50'E, leg. A. Honiball, 10.XII.2008, 1♀ (NCA 2011/837). ZAMBIA: Kafue National Park, Near Namwala, Chibila Camp, 15°46.636'S, 26°00.405'E, leg. C. Haddad & J. Parau, 7.XII.2006 (leaf litter), 1♂ 1♀ (NCA 2007/572); Wildlives Game Farm, near Choma, Hunter's Camp, 16°58.957'S, 26°36.973'E, leg. C. Haddad, J. Parau & F. Jordaan, 3.XII.2006 (leaf litter), 1imm. 5♀ (NCA 2007/474); Same locality, Campsite, 17°03'S, 26°30'E, leg. F. Nyathi, 9-14.XII.1994 (drift fence pitfall trap), 1♂ (NMZ 11896). ZIMBABWE: Sengwa Wildlife Research Area, 18°10'S, 28°14'E, leg. M.S. Cumming, 15.I.2007, 1♂ (NCA 2007/1307).

Diagnosis.

Females are closely related to Cambalida fulvipes but can be recognised by the subtriangular rather than round ST II and the narrower epigynal ridges (compare Fig. 70 with Fig. 80). Males can be recognised by the nearly parallel-sided basal section and the narrowly coiled distal section of the embolus.

Etymology.

The species name is a patronym in honour of Ansie Dippenaar-Schoeman, in recognition of her contributions to the study and promotion of research on African arachnids.

Female

(holotype, Livingstone, NCA 2007/625). Measurements: CL 2.53, CW 1.85, AL 3.15, AW 2.07, TL 5.75 (4.90-5.95), FL 0.22, SL 1.16, SW 1.11, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.35, PME–PME 0.11, PME–PLE 0.04, PLE–PLE 0.53, PERW 0.83, MOQAW 0.33, MOQPW 0.49, MOQL 0.48.

Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 1.78 + 0.80 + 1.50 + 1.40 + 0.95 = 6.43; II 1.63 + 0.74 + 1.28 + 1.25 + 0.84 = 5.74; III 1.48 + 0.71 + 1.13 + 1.36 + 0.68 = 5.36; IV 2.18 + 0.88 + 2.03 + 2.28 + 0.92 = 8.29.

Carapace deep red-brown with black mottling, clypeus dark brown medially, yellow-brown laterally, eye region nearly black; faint black striae radiating from fovea towards palps and leg coxae; surface granulate, sparsely covered in white plumose setae. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, ALE much larger than AME; AME separated by distance slightly less than ½ their diameter, AME separated from ALE by 1∕6 AME diameter; clypeus height slightly larger than AME diameter; PER procurved, PLE very slightly larger than PME; PME separated by distance slightly less than 3∕5 their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance equal to 1∕5 PLE diameter; CW:PERW = 2.23:1. Chelicerae dark orange-brown, orange proximally and along prolateral distal margin; three teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, distal tooth slightly smaller than proximal tooth, distal tooth situated closest to median tooth; two teeth on retromargin, distal tooth slightly larger than proximal tooth, closer to fang base than promarginal teeth; endites dark brown, fading to yellow and cream prolaterally; labium dark brown, creamy-yellow distally; sternum deep orange-brown with dark brown mottling. Legs finely granulate; femora I–IV dark brown, with slightly paler lines dorsally, bright yellow dorsally at distal end; patellae I–III yellow with faint black mottling ventrally, black around patellar indentation; patellae IV yellow-orange with faint black mottling laterally and ventrally, black around patellar indentation; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi I–III bright yellow-orange; tibiae IV orange with dense black mottling, except proximally and distally; metatarsi IV orange with faint black mottling; tarsi IV yellow with faint black mottling. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II do 3, III pl 1 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 1 do 3 rl 1; patellae with do 1 long distal seta; tibiae: I and II spineless, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora do 2, patellae pl 1 spine do 2 setae, tibiae pl 1 do 1 plv 1, tarsi pl 1 plv 3 rlv 1. Abdomen dark grey, with dark red-brown dorsal scutum extending slightly more than ¼ abdomen length, with fine cream chevrons posteriorly and small white spot of dense plumose setae just above spinnerets; venter mottled creamy-grey, slightly darker towards spinnerets; epigastric scutum bright yellow-orange with black mottling, inframamillary sclerite yellow-brown. Epigyne with lateral copulatory openings situated within small curved epigynal ridges (Fig. 70); copulatory ducts initially directed anterolaterally, looping posteriorly, then transversely and anteriorly, entering ST II posteromedially; ST II somewhat triangular, with sharply angled lateral margins, joined narrowly to kidney-shaped posterior ST I (Fig. 71).

Male

(paratype, Livingstone, NCA 2007/625). Measurements: CL 2.40, CW 1.75, AL 2.90, AW 1.48, TL 5.45 (4.47-5.45), FL 0.19, SL 1.11, SW 0.99, AME–AME 0.06, AME–ALE 0.02, ALE–ALE 0.31, PME–PME 0.10, PME–PLE 0.06, PLE–PLE 0.51, PERW 0.76, MOQAW 0.30, MOQPW 0.43, MOQL 0.44.

Length of leg segments (sequence from femur to tarsus, and total): I 1.85 + 0.70 + 1.65 + 1.60 + 1.10 = 6.90; II 1.64 + 0.68 + 1.30 + 1.40 + 0.90 = 5.92; III 1.52 + 0.66 + 1.15 + 1.45 + 0.77 = 5.55; IV 2.30 + 0.83 + 2.11 + 2.55 + 1.06 = 8.85.

Carapace dark red-brown with black mottling, clypeus slightly paler laterally, eye region darker; faint black striae radiating from fovea towards palps and leg coxae; surface finely granulate, densely covered in white plumose setae. All eyes with black rings; AER procurved, ALE much larger than AME; AME separated by distance slightly less than ½ their diameter, AME separated from ALE by distance equal to ⅛ AME diameter; clypeus height slightly larger than 1½ AME diameter; PER procurved, PLE very slightly larger than PME; PME separated by distance slightly more than 3∕5 their diameter, PME separated from PLE by distance equal to ⅓ PME diameter; CW:PERW = 2.30:1. Chelicerae brown with black mottling on anterior surface, paler proximally, yellow along prolateral distal margin; three teeth on promargin, median tooth largest, distal tooth smaller than proximal tooth, distal tooth situated closest to median tooth; two slightly separated subequal teeth on retromargin, closer to fang base than promarginal teeth; endites dark yellow-brown with dark brown mottling, fading to yellow and cream prolaterally; labium orange-brown proximally, creamy-yellow distally; sternum deep orange-brown with dense black mottling. Legs finely granulate; femora I and II pale yellow-brown, yellow distally; femora III and IV dark orange-brown, yellow distally; patellae I and II yellow, and III and IV yellow-orange, all with faint black lateral mottling, black around patellar indentation; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi I and II yellow with faint black mottling laterally; tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi III yellow-orange with faint black mottling laterally; tibiae IV deep orange with black mottling, yellow distally; metatarsi IV yellow-orange with black mottling, absent proximally and distally; tarsi IV yellow. Leg spination: femora: I pl 1 do 3, II do 3, III pl 1 do 3 rl 1, IV pl 1 do 3 rl 1; patellae with do 1 long distal seta; tibiae: I plv 0-1, II rlv 0-1, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2, IV pl 2 do 1 rl 2 plv 2 vt 2; metatarsi: I plv 2 rlv 2, II plv 2 rlv 2, III pl 2 rl 2 plv 1 rlv 1 vt 3, IV pl 3 rl 3 plv 2 rlv 2 vt 3. Palpal spination: femora do 2, patellae pl 1 spine do 2 setae, tibiae pl 1 plv 1, tarsi pl 2 plv 2. Abdomen with deep red-brown, nearly black, dorsal scutum covering entire dorsum, with small white spot of dense plumose setae just above spinnerets; sides of abdomen mottled dark grey; venter pale grey, epigastric sclerite, post-epigastric sclerites, ventral sclerite and inframamillary sclerite red-brown with black mottling. Palps yellow-brown with black mottling, cymbium orange-brown; embolus with parallel-sided basal section, distal section of coil transverse, bent at right angle to distally-directed tip (Figs 53, 72); embolic coil relatively narrow (Fig. 73).

Distribution.

Widespread throughout southern Africa (Fig. 79); largely sympatric with Cambalida fulvipes across its range (Fig. 95).

Biology.

A fairly common ground-dwelling spider collected mainly by litter sifting and pitfall traps in forest and savanna habitats. Occasionally collected from the Grassland Biome in South Africa.