Oncopagurus orientalis ( de Saint Laurent, 1972 )

Lemaitre, Rafael, 2014, A worldwide taxonomic and distributional synthesis of the genus Oncopagurus Lemaitre, 1996 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Parapaguridae), with descriptions of nine new species, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 62, pp. 210-301 : 265-267

Oncopagurus orientalis ( de Saint Laurent, 1972)

Figs. 30 , 51 , 53D

Parapagurus orientalis de Saint Laurent, 1972: 114 , figs. 8, 16 (type locality: Philippines, southern Luzon , USFC Albatross, sta 5289, 13°41'50"N, 120°58'30"E).

Sympagurus orientalis – Lemaitre, 1989: 37; 1994: 412.

Oncopagurus orientalis – Lemaitre, 1996: 194; 1997: 577, figs 1, 2; Rahayu, 2000: 396; McLaughlin et al., 2007: 308, 2 unnumbered figs.; McLaughlin et al., 2010: 39; Tsang et al., 2011: 620.

Type material. Holotype, Philippines Islands , southern Luzon, USFC Albatross, sta 5289, 13°41'50"N, 120°58'30"E, 314 m, 22 July 1908: M 2.9 mm ( USNM 168311 ).

Paratypes, Philippines Islands: USFC Albatross, sta 5268, Batangas Bay , 13°42'N, 120°57'15"E, 311 m, 8 June 1908: 3 M 2.0– 2.4 mm ( USNM 168320 ) . –– Th. Mortensen′ s Pacific Expedition 1914–16, 3 mi SW of Tucuran, 550 m, 10 March 1914: 1 F 1.7 mm ( ZMK) . Indonesia: Siboga Expedition , sta 137, 00°23.8'N, 127°29'E, 472 m, 3 August 1899, coll. M. Weber: 2 M 1.7, 1.9 mm ( ZMA De 103.108) . –– Galathea Expedition. 1950–52, sta 490, Bali Sea , 05°25'S, 117°03'E, 545–570 m, 14 September 1951: 1 ov F 1.8 mm ( ZMK) .

Additional material. Taiwan. TAIWAN 2000: sta CP 19, 22°24,2'N, 120°10,2'E, 468 m, 29 July 2000 (2 lots): 2 M 2.9, 3.2 mm ( MNHN Pg.), 5 M 2.3–3.3 mm, 1 F 3.0 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 56, 24°29,8'N, 122°12,6'E, 438 m, 4 August 2000 (2 lots): 1 M 3.2 mm ( NTOU), 1 M 2.8 mm ( NTOU A370 ) — TAIWAN 2001: sta CP 98, 24°54.2'N, 122°02.9'E, 362–400 m, 18 May 2001: 1 ov F 2.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — TAIWAN 2004: sta CP 248, 24°51.74'N, 122°2.43'E, 516–557 m, 28 August 2004: 1 M 3.1 mm ( NTOU A00571 ); sta CP 264, 24°28.07'N, 121°53.55'E, 330– 297 m, 1 September 2004 (2 lots): 4 M 3.0– 3.7 mm ( NTOU), 1 M 2.4 mm ( NTOU); sta CP 269, 24°30.55'N, 122°5.78'E, 399– 397 m, 2 September 2004: 2 M 2.9, 3.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — TAIWAN 2006: sta CP 371, 24º28.521'N, 122º12.821'E, 582–613 m, 26 August 2006: 1 M 2.5 mm, 5 F 2.4–2.8 mm ( NTOU A00590 ) . Philippines: MUSORSTOM 1: sta CP 44, 13°47'S, 120°29'E, 592–610 m, 24 March 1976: 4 M 2.0– 2.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — MUSORSTOM 3: sta CP 86, 14°00'S, 120°18'E, 187–192 m, 31 May 1985: 1 M 2.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 106, 13°47'S, 120°30'E, 640–668 m, 2 June 1985: 2 M 1.9, 2.1 mm, 1 F 1.5 mm ( MNHN Pg.) . Solomon Islands: SALOMON 1: sta CP 1749, 9°20.9'S, 159°56.2'E, 582–594 m, 25 September 2000: 1 F 2.2 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1783, 8°32.8'S, 160°41.7'E, 399–700 m, 29 September 2000 (3 lots): 2 M 2.3, 2.9 mm, 1 F 2.3 mm ( MNHN Pg.), 36 M 1.7–2.8 mm ( MNHN Pg.), 1 M 1.9 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1786, 9°21.3'S, 160°24'E, 387 m, 30 September 2000: 3 M 2.7–3.3 mm, 2 ov F 2.6, 2.8 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1795, 9°18.8'S, 160°22.9'E, 442–451 m, 1 October 2000 (2 lots): 1 ov F 1.9 mm ( MNHN Pg.), 19 M 2.2–3.1 mm, 2 F 1.8, 2.6 mm, 10 ov F 2.1–2.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1796, 9°19.2'S, 160°25.4'E, 469–481 m, 1 October 2000: 2 M 2.9, 3.1 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1798, 9°21.0'S, 160°29.2'E, 513–564 m, 1 October 2000: 1 M 2.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1800, 9°21.4'S, 160°23.9'E, 357–359 m, 1 October 2000: 2 M 2.2, 2.3 mm, 1 F 2.2 mm 1 ov F 2.5 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1837, 10°12.8'S, 161°28.6'E, 381–383 m, 5 October 2000: 2 M 2.1, 2.2 mm ( MNH –Pg.); sta CP 1851, 10°27.6'S, 162°00'E, 297–350 m, 6 October 2000: 1 M 2.2 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1859, 9°32.6'S, 160°37.3'E, 283–305 m, 7 October 2000: 2 M 2.0, 2.3 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — SALOMON 2: sta CP 2187, 6°38.27'S, 156°13.52'E, 508–522 m, 28 October 2004: 2 M 2.7, 3.1 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2211, 7°34.4'S, 157°41.8'E, 313–387 m, 26 October 2004: 1 M 2.0 mm, 1 ov F 2.3 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2226, 6°37.6'S, 156°13.15'E, 520– 490 m, 28 October 2004: 10 M 2.3–2.9 mm, 1 F 1.7 mm, 3 ov F 2.1–2.7 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2227, 6°38.27'S, 156°13.52'E, 508–522 m, 28 October 2004: 5 M 2.3–3.4 mm, 1 ov F 2.3 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2264, 7°54.35'S, 156°50.86'E, 515–520 m, 11 March 2004: 1 F 2.8 mm ( MNHN Pg.) . Wallis and Futuna Islands : MUSORSTOM 7: sta DW 523, 13°12.0'S, 176°15.6'W, 455–515 m, 13 May 1992: 1 F 1.6 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-5533); sta DW 534, 12°23.3'S, 176°42.0'W, 440–500 m, 16 May 1992: 1 M 2.6 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-5534); sta DW 535, 12°29.6'S, 176°41.3'W, 340–470 m, 16 May 1992: 2 M 2.6, 2.7 mm ( USNM 1211230 ); sta DW 556, 11°48.7'S, 178°18.0'W, 440 m, 19 May 1992: 1 M 2.5 mm ( USNM 1211231 ); sta DW 557, 11°48.1'S, 178°18.2'W, 600–608 m, 19 May 1992: 1 M 2.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-5535) . Fiji: MUSORSTOM 10: sta CP 1331, 17°02.45'S, 178°01.84'E, 694–703 m, 8 August 1998: 2 M 3.4, 3.7 mm ( MNHN Pg. 6488); sta CP 1332, 16°56.17'S, 178°07.86'E, 640 m, 8 August 1998: 2 M 3.2, 3.3 mm ( MNHN Pg. 6944); sta CP 1346, 17°19.63'S, 178°32.39'E, 673–683 m, 11 August 1998: 1 M 3.4 mm ( MNHN Pg. 6941) — BORDAU 1: sta CP 1396, 16°38.98'S, 179°57.16'W, 591–596 m, 24 February 1999: 9 M 1.9–3.2 mm, 1 F 2.1 mm, 1 ov F 2.4 mm ( MNHN Pg. 6433) . Vanuatu: MUSORSTOM 8: sta CP 1028, 17°54.01'S, 168°40.42'E, 624–668 m, 28 September 1994: 1 ov F 1.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — BOA 0: sta CP 2307, 16°38 S, 167°58'E, 586–646 m, 14 November 2004: 1 M 3.4 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2327, 15°42'S, 167°02'E, 287–440 m, 18 November 2004: 2 M 2.8, 3.1 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2329, 15°43′S, 167°04'E, 514–609 m, 18 November 2004: 1 M 2.7 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — BOA 1: sta CP 2448, 15°08.031'S, 166°50.853'E, 297–387 m, October 2005: 1 ov F 1.4 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta DW 2459, 16°15.88'S, 167°16.75'E, 850–1027 m, 12 September 2005: 1 M 2.1 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2461, 16°35.11'S, 167°59.68'E, 582–614 m, 13 September 2005: 1 M 2.5 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2462, 16°35.78'S, 167°57.57'E, 618–641 m, 13 September 2005: 1 M 2.7 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2469, 16°30.12'S, 137°55.27'E, 568 m, 14 September 2005: 1 M 3.1 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 2472, 16°22.46'S, 167°49.90'E, 638–658 m, 14 September 2005: 1 M 2.9 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — SANTO: sta AT 19, 15°40.8'S, 167°00.5'E, 503–600 m, 21 September 2006 (2 lots): 1 M 2.1 mm ( MNHN Pg.), 1 M 2.8 ( MNHN Pg.) . Tonga Islands : BORDAU 2: sta DW 1508, 21°02'S, 175°19'W, 555–581 m, 31 May 2000: 2 M 2.3, 2.4 mm, 1 F 1.9 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1556, 20°11'S, 174°45'W, 589–591 m, 7 June 2000: 1 M 2.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1558, 20°10'S, 174°43'W, 580–593 m, 7 June 2000: 1 M 2.8 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1562, 19°52'S, 174°42'W, 417–424 m, 8 June 2000: 1 M 3.6 mm ( MNHN Pg. 6480); sta DW 1637, 21°05'S, 175°23'W, 464–507 m, 21 June 2000: 1 ov F 1.9 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta CP 1642, 21°05'S, 175°23'W, 532 m, 21 June 2000 (2 lots): 1 M 3.1 mm ( MNHN Pg. 6483), 2 M 1.6, 2.8 mm ( MNHN Pg.) . New Caledonia: MUSORSTOM 5: sta DW 341, 19°45.90'S, 158°43.37'E, 620–630 m, 16 October 1986: 2 M 2.4, 2.6 mm, 1 F 2.8 mm [parasitised] ( USNM 1211232 ) — MUSORSTOM 6: sta DW 483, 21°19.80'S, 167°47.80'E, 600 m, 23 February 1989: 1 M 1.5 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-5532) — BATHUS 1: sta DE 694, 20°35.88'S, 164°58.28'E, 400–500 m, 17 March 1993: 2 M 1.7, 1.9 mm, 1 F 1.5 mm, 2 ov F 1.2, 1.3 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — BATHUS 4: sta CP 949, 20°32.01'S, 164°56.85'E, 616–690 m, 10 August 1994: 6 M 2.4–2.5 mm, 1 ov F 1.7 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — NORFOLK 2: sta DW 2066, 25°16.90'S, 168°55.11'E, 834–870 m, 26 October 2003: 1 F 3.3 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta DW 2137, 23°01.18'S, 168°22.70'E, 547–560 m, 3 November 2003: 1 F 3.1 mm ( MNHN Pg.) — EBISCO: sta CP 2600, 19°38'S, 158°46'E, 603 m, 18 October 2005: 1 M 2.4 mm ( MNHN Pg.); sta DW 2607, 19°33'S, 158°40'E, 400–413 m, 18 October 2005: 1 M 3.6 mm ( MNHN Pg.) .

For additional material see Lemaitre (1994, 1997).

Diagnosis. Shield ( Fig. 30A ) as long as broad, dorsal surface weakly calcified medially; rostrum broadly rounded, with short, low dorsal ridge; lateral projections broadly subtriangular, usually terminating in small spine. Ocular peduncles more than half length of shield; ocular acicles subtriangular, terminating in strong bifid or occasionally multifid spine; corneas weakly dilated. Antennular peduncle ( Fig. 30A ), exceeding distal margin of cornea by full length of ultimate segment. Antennal peduncle ( Fig. 30A ) not exceeding distal margin of cornea; fourth segment wiht strong spine on dorsolateral distal angle; second segment with dorsolateral distal angle terminating in strong spine; first segment with small lateral spine; acicle not exceeding distal margin of cornea, mesial margin armed with 8–12 spines; flagellum with series of short setae (<1 article in length) and long setae (> 3 articles in length) every 4–8 articles. Third maxilliped with crista dentata armed with about 10 teeth, proximal teeth larger than distal. Chelipeds with some iridescence and moderately dense setae. Right cheliped ( Fig. 30B–E ) with chela longer than broad, chela operculate; palm with scattered small spines on dorsal face, dorsolateral and dorsomesial margins each well delimited by row of spines; mesial face of palm rounded, with small spines or tubercles. Left cheliped with carpus weakly calcified on dorsal surface; palm unarmed except for few setae; carpus with dorsodistal spine. Ambulatory legs with dactyls ( Fig. 30F ) each with ventromesial row of 1–4 minute spinules; carpi each with small dorsodistal spine; merus of right third pereopod with row of small spines on dorsal margin; meri of left second and third pereopods with dorsal margins unarmed. Anterior lobe of sternite XII (between second ambulatory legs) subsemicircular, setose, with small terminal spine. Fourth pereopod propodal rasp ( Fig. 30G ) with 1 row of ovate scales at least distally. Uropods and telson markedly asymmetrical, telson ( Fig. 30H ) lacking transverse suture; posterior lobes separated by shallow U-shaped median cleft, right lobe weakly developed (frequently obsolete), terminal margins armed with often strongly curved corneous spines. Male lacking first gonopods; second gonopods ( Fig. 30I, J ) vestigial or rudimentary, 1-unsegmented, usually paired, asymmetrical, or sometimes with unpaired left. Female with vestigial right second pleopod.

Colouration ( Fig. 53D ). Overall creamy-white. Shield with light orange hue medially. Ocular peduncles light orange basally. Antennular peduncles transparent or light orange. Antennal peduncles with acicles, third to fifth segments, and flagella, somewhat transparent or light orange. Chelipeds with meri and carpi light orange on dorsal surface proximally; left chela light orange on dorsal surface proximally. Ambulatory legs with carpi and propodi light orange on proximal third (orange hue more intense on dorsal and ventral portion); meri with proximal two-thirds of dorsal and upper half of mesial and lateral surfaces, light orange; ischia light orange dorsally.

Habitat. Found living in coarse-textured zoanthids or in gastropod shells.

Distribution. Indo-West Pacific: Taiwan, Philippines; Indonesia, including the Moluccas; Solomon Islands; Wallis and Futuna Islands; Fiji; Vanuatu; Tonga Islands; and New Caledonia. Depth: 187–1027 m.

Remarks. The bifid or multifid condition of the ocular acicles in O. orientalis immediately distinguishes this species from all other species of Oncopagurus . As noted by Lemaitre (1997), the right palm of O. orientalis can vary in length and armature of the ventral face depending on size and sex. The palm can be longer than broad, or broader than long. The ventral face has only scattered small tubercles, or moderately large tubercles arranged in an oblique row ( Fig. 30C, E ). Males of O. orientalis lack first gonopods, as in eight other congeners (see Remarks under O. cidaris ), and the second gonopods are vestigial or rudimentary.

Previously, Oncopagurus orientalis was known from the Philippines and Indonesia regions. This study has revealed this species to have a much broader distribution in the western tropical Pacific from Taiwan to the Tonga Islands, where it is often found in abundant numbers. The bathymetric distribution of O. orientalis has been found to be much broader also, previously reported from a depth range of 300–575 m ( Lemaitre, 1997), whereas the present study has found specimens from a depth range of 187– 1027 m.

Figures

Fig. 30. Oncopagurus orientalis (de Saint Laurent, 1972), Indonesia, KARUBAR, sta CP 35 (MNHN Pg 5353): A–D, F–H, female 2.2 mm; I, J, male 2.5 mm. A, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal; B, right cheliped, dorsal; C, D, chela of same, ventral (C), mesial (D); E, chela of holotype, ventral; F, left second ambulatory leg, lateral; G, propodus and dactyl of right fourth pereopod, lateral; H, telson, dorsal; I, J, male second right (I) and left (J) gonopods, lateral. Scale bars = 1 mm (A, B–F), 0.5 mm (G–J). [Adapted from de Saint Laurent (1972) and Lemaitre (1997)].

Fig. 51. Bathymetric distribution of Oncopagurus species from the world, with maximum and minimum depths (meters) indicated for each.

Fig. 53. Colouration in species of Oncopagurus (in life or fresh, except where noted). A, O. indicus (Alcock, 1905): Taiwan, TAIWAN 2003, sta CP 214: female 4.6 mm (NTOU). B, C, O. monstrosus (Alcock, 1894): B, [not sexed or measured], Taiwan (NTOU); C, male 3.6 mm, TAIWAN 2004, sta CP 269 (NTOU). D, O. orientalis (de Saint Laurent, 1972): male 3.6 mm, Taiwan, TAIWAN 2004 (MNHN Pg). E, F, O. rossanae, new species, French Polynesia, BENTHAUS: E, paratype male 2.5 mm, sta DW 1905 (MNHN Pg 6692); F, holotype M 2.9 mm, sta DW 1973 (MNHN-IU-2013-6869). G, O. tuamotu (Lemaitre, 1994): [not sexed or measured], French Polynesia, Moorea (UF). (Photographs by: Tin-Y. Chan [A–D]; Joseph Poupin [E, F]; Gustav Paulay [G]).