Guynia annulata Duncan, 1872

Filander, Zoleka N., Kitahara, Marcelo V., Cairns, Stephen D., Sink, Kerry J. & Lombard, Amanda T., 2021, Azooxanthellate Scleractinia (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from South Africa, ZooKeys 1066, pp. 1-198 : 1

Guynia annulata Duncan, 1872

Fig. 13O, P

Guynia annulata Duncan, 1872: 32, pl. 1, figs 1-8. - Duncan 1873: 335-336, pl. 47, figs 9-16. - Pourtalès 1874: 44, pl. 9, figs 3-4. - Pourtalès 1878: 209 - Pourtalès 1880: 97, 112.- Hickson 1910: 5. -Gardiner and Waugh 1938: 172. -Zibrowius 1969: 327-328. -Wells 1972: 6, figs 11-14. - Wells and Lang 1973: 58. - Wells 1973: 59-63, figs 1-3. - Bourcier and Zibrowius 1973: 827. -Zibrowius and Saldanha 1976: 101-102. -Zibrowius and Grieshaber 1977: 381. - Cairns 1977b: 5. - Cairns 1978: 11. - Cairns 1979: 164-165, pl. 32, figs 1-3. - Zibrowius 1980: 161-162, pl. 83, figs A-Q. -Gili 1982: 131, 137-138, fig. 62H. -Cairns 1984: 23, pl. 5, figs A, B. - Cairns et al. 1986: 187-188, pl. 56. - Cairns 1989a: 42-43, pl. 21, fig. f, pl. 42, figs A-E. - Cairns et al. 1991: 48. -Cairns and Parker 1992: 42-43, pl. 14, figs G, H. - Cairns and Keller 1993: 273, figs 12H, I. - Cairns and Zibrowius 1997: 150. - Cairns 1998: 392. - Cairns 1999a: 113-114. - Cairns 2000: 148-149, figs 170, 173. -Stolarski 2000: 13-33, figs 1A, 2, 3A-C, E, F, 4G. -Romano and Cairns 2000: 1048, 1052, 1054. -Stolarski 2000: 13-38, figs 1, 2, 3A-C, 4D. -Randall 2003: 136. -Cairns 2004a: 266, 302. -Le Goff-Vitry et al. 2004: 170. -Zibrowius and Taviani 2005: 811. - Cairns 2006: 48. -Cairns et al. 2009: 345. - Kitahara and Cairns 2021: 355-356, 358, figs 190, 191A-C.

Pyrophyllia inflata Hickson, 1910: 1-7.

Guynia n. sp. Guynia sensu Goreau and Wells 1967: 449.

Type locality.

Adventure Bank, Mediterranean; 168 m (Duncan, 1872).

Type material.

Eighteen syntypes are deposited at the BMNH ( Cairns 1979).

Material examined.

USNM 77201 (1 specimen): Eastern margin, 26 km from Port St. Johns/off Bulolo Estuary, 29°34'47.99"S, 31°41'59.99"E; 138 m.

Description.

Corallum solitary, small, vermiform to scolecoid, and usually attached by its side, but occasionally free. Calice cylindrical (GCD:LCD = 1.0-1.1), calicular margin smooth. Specimen examined (USNM 77201) 1.0 × 0.9 mm in CD and 5.2 mm in H. Epitheca ringed by imbricate transversal ridges, which meet with vertical costae giving a grid-like pattern along coralla. Corallum light brown.

Septa octamerally arranged in two cycles according to the formula: S1 > S2 (16 septa). S1 with narrow upper margin, which gradually widen deep in fossa with sinuous axial margin. S2 slightly smaller and bearing a less sinuous axial margin compare with S1. Septal faces smooth. Fossa shallow containing a single ribbon as columella.

Distribution.

Regional: Eastern margin of South Africa, off Port St. Johns, at 138 m. Elsewhere: Mozambique ( Cairns and Keller 1993); Gulf of Oman ( Hickson 1910); New Caledonia (Cairns 1989; Kitahara and Cairns 2021); Australia (Cairns and Parker 1992; Cairns 2004a); New Zealand; Philippines; Indonesia; Japan ( Cairns and Zibrowius 1997); Wallis and Futuna region; Vanuatu ( Cairns 1999a); Mediterranean (Duncan 1872; Zibrowius 1980); Gulf of Mexico; western Caribbean; Bermuda ( Cairns 1979); Hawaiian Islands (Cairns 1984 a); 28-653 m.

Remarks.

Guynia annulata is the only extant representative of the family Guyniidae . The only other species assigned to the genus is a fossil collected from the Eocene and Oligocene, for which Cairns (1989a / b) considers the generic placement doubtful. Apart from the genus being monotypic, G. annulata has the smallest calicular diameter of all known scleractinian corals, and has a widespread tropical and sub-tropical distribution (Cairns and Parker 1992; Cairns and Keller 1993; Cairns and Zibrowius 1997). No new records of this cryptic species are reported herein and the description above is based on Cairns and Keller’s (1993) specimen collected off KwaZulu-Natal.

Figures

Figure 13. A, B Truncatoflabellum pusillum (SAM _ H 2839, off Cape Padrone, 37 m) A calicular view B lateral view C, D Truncatoflabellum zuluense (SAMC _ A 090096, off Cape Vidal, 85 m) C calicular view D lateral view E, F Truncatoflabellum sp (SAMC _ A 073161, off Port St. Johns, 140 - 145 m) E calicular view F lateral view G, H Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) hydra (USNM 86869, off Alexandra Bay, 882 m) G calicular view H basal view I, L Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) sibogae (SAM _ H 1697, off Mgobezeleni Estuary, 1050 m) I calicular view J basal view K calicular view L basal view M, N Fungiacyathus (Fungiacyathus) sp. (SAM _ H 1431, off Durban, 99 m) M calicular view N basal view O, P Guynia annulata (USNM 77201, off Port St. Johns, 138 m) O calicular view P lateral view. Scale bars: 10 mm (A-N); 2 mm (O, P).