Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878)

Xue, Guoxi, Qu, Peng, Li, Meng, Chiba, Hideyuki & Li, Wenwei, 2022, Molecular and morphological evidences confirm the statuses of Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878) and the subspecies of A. nigrita (Latreille, [1824]), sensu Evans 1949 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae), Zootaxa 5205 (5), pp. 481-490 : 483-485

Ancistroides othonias (Hewitson, 1878)

( Fig. 2 : An13, A98, A99, B01; Fig. 3 ; Fig. 4 : A98)

Astictopterus othonias Hewitson, 1878: 342 . Type locality: Borneo.

Ancistroides othonias: Elwes & Edwards 1897: 222 ; Evans 1949: 281.

Ancistroides nigrita othonias: Maruyama 1985: 31 ; Maruyama 1991: 29; Ek-Amnuay 2012: 838.

= Tagiades maura Snellen, 1886: 28 . Type locality: Sumatra.

Kerana evaira Fruhstorfer, 1911 . Type locality: Thailand.

Kerana sumata Fruhstorfer, 1911 . Type locality: Nias.

Kerana savara Fruhstorfer, 1911 . Type locality: Borneo.

Ancistroides nigrita maura: Evans 1949: 280 ; Kimura 2011: 65; Inayoshi 2022.

The forewing length is 21–23 mm (n = 8) in male and 22–24 mm (n = 2) in female. On the ventral side of both forewing and hindwing, the submarginal area is paler than the marginal area. The genital characters of both sexes are described as below.

Male genitalia ( Fig. 3 ). In lateral view, uncus a bit shorter than tegumen, slightly convex, distal end pointed, lower branch triangular; gnathos arm-like, transverse part a little longer than longitudinal part; saccus about 1/3 the length of vinculum. In dorsal view, distal half of uncus bifid and U-shaped, tip of both branches with a notch. In lateral view, dorsal edge of valva concave, with a rounded distal shoulder; distal edge of valva rounded; harpe triangular, its outer side vertical. Distal branch of valva needle shaped in lateral view, while bifid and decorated with tiny sawteeth in dorsal view, its distal triangular lobe pointed. In lateral view of aedeagus, suprazonal sheath slightly curved downwards, about 2/5 the length of subzonal sheath. Juxta bifid and V-shaped, basal edge concave.

Female genitalia ( Fig. 4 : A98). In lateral view, lamella antevaginal almost bent to a right angle, its distal part triangular. In ventral view, lamella antevaginal nearly U-shaped, ostium bursae semi-sclerotized. In front view of lamella postvaginalis, its dorsal edge shallowly concave.

Remarks. Evans (1949) stated that “the male (of othonias ) is unknown and it seems not unlikely that othonias may prove to be a dimorphic form of armatus .” However, Maruyama (1985, 1991) treated othonias as a subspecies of nigrita based on the behavior and the color of the ventral side, and synonymized maura with othonias without providing any scientifically sound evidence. de Jong & Treadaway (2007) also pointed out that the female of nigrita in Borneo is dimorphic, and one form is othonias . In the present study, the NJ tree ( Fig. 1 ) shows that othonias is a separate species rather than a form of armatus or a subspecies of nigrita , and maura is conspecific with othonias . The specimen of “ Ancistroides nigrita ” with GenBank accession number HM862403 and coordinate 7.533 N, 99.783 E (pointing to a locality in Peninsular Thailand) is probably a representative of maura .

The publication year of othonias was recorded as 1876 by Evans (1949) but 1878 by Maruyama (1991). Likewise, the publication year of maura was recorded as 1880 by Evans (1949) and de Jong & Treadaway (2007), but 1886 by Maruyama (1991). According to Bridges (1994), Maruyama (1991) ’s record is correct in both cases.

Distribution. S. Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, S. Vietnam,Malay Peninsula, Nias, Sipora, Sumatra, Bangka, Borneo.

Figures

FIGURE 1. NJ tree based on Kimura-2-Parameter distances for the partial mitochondrial COI sequences of Ancistroides, values at nodes represent the bootstrap support (BP) values.

FIGURE 2. Adults of Ancistroides species. Codes correspond to the specimen IDs in Table 1 and Figure 1.

FIGURE 3. Male genitalia of Ancistroides othonias (An13). A. ring, lateral view; B. uncus and gnathos, posterior view; C. tegumen, dorsal view; D. gnathos, ventral view; E. uncus, dorsal view; F. left valva, inner side; G. left valva, dorsal view; H. aedeagus, lateral view; I. aedeagus, dorsal view; J. juxta.

FIGURE 4. Female genitalia of Ancistroides species. Codes correspond to the specimen IDs in Table 1 and Figure 1. A. lateral view; B. ventral view; C. lamella postvaginalis, front view.