Pionus, Wagler, 1832
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https://doi.org/ 10.1206/0003-0090.468.1.1 |
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https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8D5487F9-9C42-FFDC-FD5E-FE504D682E2B |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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Pionus |
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Pionus View in CoL comprises a small radiation mostly predominantly either green or bronze-green and blue, midsized parrots with square tails that are distributed from Mexico to Argentina and southern Brazil ( Forshaw and Knight, 2010). Pionus View in CoL has a crown age of 4.5 Mya (2.3–6.3), a temporal span that overlaps the estimated ages of Ribas et al. (2007a), but the phylogenomic ages are younger. There was considerable topological disagreement between the phylogenomic trees and a previously published mtDNA tree of Pionus View in CoL (2007a). Immediate sister pairs ( P. senilis View in CoL / P. chalcopterus View in CoL ; P. seniloides View in CoL / P. tumultuosus View in CoL ; and P. maximiliani View in CoL / P. sordidus View in CoL ) are consistent across all trees, but most other nodes differ. The widely distributed Pionus menstruus View in CoL was included in the present study but not in Smith et al. (2023), due to a sampling error detected prior to that work’s publication. Pionus fuscus View in CoL of the Guianan Shield and adjoining parts of Amazonia is exceptional in the genus in lacking green in its otherwise predominantly brown, blue and red plumage. Both of these species are in unresolved positions in the concatenated tree. Pionus fuscus View in CoL was strongly supported as sister to P. senilis View in CoL and P. chalcopterus View in CoL in the concatenated tree in Smith et al. (2023). However, the inclusion of P. menstruus View in CoL in this study destabilized the position of P. fuscus View in CoL . This may be due in part to our P. menstruus View in CoL coming from a historical museum specimen. The species tree had P. fuscus View in CoL as sister to P. seniloides View in CoL and P. tumultuosus View in CoL (LPP = 1.0). Ribas et al. (2007a) had a third alternative topology, and placed P. fuscus View in CoL as sister to P. sordidus View in CoL and P. maximiliani View in CoL , and P. menstruus View in CoL as sister to P. chalcopterus View in CoL and P. senilis View in CoL . The disparity between the concatenated and species trees presented here was illuminating in that all nodes are supported in the species tree and all internal nodes differ. Another distinction between studies was that Ribas et al. (2007a) included samples of subspecies, which showed deep divergences within species (e.g., P. sordidus View in CoL ). Subsequent phylogeographic research on Pionus senilis View in CoL of Mexico and Central America found genetic structure across its range that coalesces to 1.3 Mya ( Rivera-Arroyo et al., 2022). Future work with more extensive genome-level sampling will be necessary to resolve the high phylogenetic discordance observed in Pionus View in CoL .
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Pionus
Smith, Brian Tilston, Thom, Gregory & Joseph, Leo 2024 |
Pionus
Wagler 1832 |
Pionus
Wagler 1832 |
Pionus
Wagler 1832 |
Pionus
Wagler 1832 |