Glenognatha gouldi, Cabra-García & Brescovit, 2016

Jimmy Cabra-García & Antonio D. Brescovit, 2016, Revision and phylogenetic analysis of the orb-weaving spider genus Glenognatha Simon, 1887 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), Zootaxa 4069 (1), pp. 1-183 : 141-143

Glenognatha gouldi new species

( Figs. 114–117 , 137 )

Types. Male holotype from Nogales , Santa Cruz Co., Arizona, United States of America, [31º20´N, 110º56´W], elev. [1183m], 1.ix.1991, R. L. Edwards leg., deposited in USNM ENT 00879001 ; Paratypes: 2♂ 1♀ from the type locality, same data as the holotype, deposited in USNM ENT 00879002 ; 1♂ from Lerma , Mexico, [19º17´N, 99º43´W], elev. [2400m], 25.vi.1941, A. M. & L. I. Davis leg., deposited in AMNH .

Etymology. The species epithet is in honor of Stephen Jay Gould (1941–2002), an extraordinary paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and historian of science. The name is a noun in genitive.

Diagnosis. Males of G. gouldi resemble those of G. emertoni , G. minuta and G. timbira by the enlarged Ret2 and Ret3 ( Figs. 115B–C ). G. gouldi can be distinguished from the latter three species by the nearly 180º curved tip of the embolus ( Figs. 116 A, G ), and the strongly curved Ret2 ( Fig. 115B ). Females can be distinguished from those of G. emertoni and G. minuta by the absence of spermathecae ( Fig. 117 ) and from those of G. timbira by the Prt1 base not enlarged ( Fig. 115D ).

Male (holotype, USNM). Habitus as in Figures 114 A –D . Carapace dark brown, darker along furrows. Sternum dark brown. Abdomen dorsally with two diffused longitudinal black bands in the anterior region and thin transversal black bands in its posterior region. Silver guanine spots scattered in dorsal and lateral surfaces. Venter with a median black band surrounded by silver guanine spots. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Legs yellowbrownish. Total length 3.95. Cephalothorax 1.80 long, 1.35 wide, 0.90 high. Abdomen 2.10 long, 1.65 wide, 1.55 high. Sternum 0.90 long, 0.87 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.10. PME 0.10. PLE 0.07. AME-AME 0.1, AME-ALE 0.20, PME-PME 0.16, PME-PLE 0.20, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 2.10. Chelicerae dark brown. Three promarginal and five retromarginal teeth ( Figs. 115 A –C ). Ret2 strongly curved ( Fig. 115B ). Leg measurements: I: femur 2.10, patella 0.65, tibia 2.02, metatarsus 1.55, tarsus 0.82, total 7.15; II: 1.90, 0.62, 1.80, 1.60, 0.82; III: 1.35, 0.47, 1.00, 0.97, 0.55, 4.35; IV: 1.77, 0.47, 1.50, 1.30, 0.62, 5.67. Metatarsus IV with one trichobothrium. DTS 0.45. DTE 0.90. Palp as in Figures 116E–H . Conductor and cymbium slender ( Figs. 116 A, E–H ). Embolus tip nearly 180º curved ( Figs. 116 A, G ).

Female (paratype, USNM 00879002). Coloration and general habitus as in male ( Figs. 114E–H ). Cephalothorax, abdomen and legs clearer than the male. Abdomen without clearly defined black bands. Silver guanine spots uniformly scattered in dorsal and lateral surfaces. Venter with a median diffused dark band clearer towards the petiole and surrounded by silver guanine spots. Tracheal spiracle well-sclerotized. Total length 4.25. Cephalothorax 1.67 long, 1.42 wide, 1.12 high. Abdomen 2.50 long, 2.02 wide, 1.87 high. Sternum 0.90 long, 0.90 wide. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.09. ALE 0.10. PME 0.10. PLE 0.08. AME-AME 0.07, AME-ALE 0.17, PME-PME 0.13, PME-PLE 0.17, ALE-PLE 0.01. Clypeus height 1.90. Chelicerae brown. Three promarginal and four retromarginal teeth. ( Figs. 115D–F ). Leg measurements: I: femur 1.85, patella 0.62, tibia 1.77, metatarsus 1.50, tarsus 0.81, total 6.56; II: 1.77, 0.57, 1.65, 1.42, 0.78, 6.2; III: 1.25, 0.42, 0.87, 0.82, 0.50, 3.87; IV: 1.70, 0.40, 1.27, 1.22, 0.60, 5.20. Metatarsus IV with one trichobothrium. DTS 0.47. DTE 0.56. Genitalia without spermathecae and copulatory ducts ( Fig. 117 ). UE with a median projection ( Fig. 117 A ).

Distribution. Known from Arizona state in United States of America and Mexico state in Mexico ( Fig. 137 ).

Figures

FIGURE 114. Glenognatha gouldi new species from USA (Paratypes, USNM 00879002). A – D, male habitus. A, dorsal. B, lateral. C, ventral. D, frontal. E – H, female habitus. E, dorsal. F, lateral. G, ventral. H, frontal. Scale bars, 500 µm. TS: tracheal spiracle.

FIGURE 115. Glenognatha gouldi new species from USA (Paratypes, USNM 00879002). A – C, male left chelicerae. A, anterior. B, posterior. C, mesal. D – F, female left chelicerae. D, anterior. E, posterior. F, mesal. Scale bars, 200 µm. Prt: promarginal tooth. Ret: retromarginal tooth.

FIGURE 116. Glenognatha gouldi new species from USA (Paratype, USNM 00879002). A – D, male left palp, schematic. A, ventral. B, conductor, ventral. C, conductor, dorsal. D, embolus, ventral. E – H, male left palp. E, ventral. F, dorsal. G, prolateral. H, retrolateral. Scale bars, 100 µm. C: conductor. CB: cymbium. CRa: conductor retrolateral apophysis. E: embolus. ED: ejaculatory duct. EMg: embolic medial groove. P: paracymbium. T: tegulum. TO: tarsal organ.

FIGURE 117. Glenognatha gouldi new species from USA (Paratype, USNM 00879002). A – B, female genitalia. A, dorsal (arrow, median projection). B, ventral. Scale bars, 100 µm. MC: membranous chamber. UE: uterus externus.

FIGURE 137. Distribution of G. minuta, G. gouldi new species and G. emertoni.