Signiphora flavella subsp. flavopalliata

Woolley, J. B. & Dal Molin, A., 2017, Taxonomic revision of the flavopalliata species group of Signiphora (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae), Zootaxa 4315 (1), pp. 1-150 : 10-11

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4315.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4B923D2F-4D36-4AA1-BAC9-C9F1CE20E87B
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6038057
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8E21B933-FF86-7C3A-FF64-7759FA582D21
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Signiphora flavella subsp. flavopalliata
status

Treatment

Key to species in the flavopalliata View in CoL species group

1) Fore wing without discal seta (e.g. Figs 5, 6 View FIGURES 5 – 10 ).............................................................. 2

- Fore wing with discal seta (e.g. Figs 141, 142 View FIGURES 141 – 146 )............................................................ 14

2(1) Fore wing marginal vein with 3 or 4 dorsal setae, at least setae Ml and M2 absent ( Figs 234 View FIGURES 233 – 238 , 290 View FIGURES 289 – 294 ).................... 3

- Fore wing marginal vein with 5 or 6 dorsal setae, seta M2 present, seta Ml present or absent......................... 4

3(2) Fore and hind wings infuscated from base to apex ( Fig. 290 View FIGURES 289 – 294 ); fore wing marginal vein with seta M3 and M4 short (length M3:marginal vein 0.23–0.59); female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin transverse, without a medial incision ( Fig. 294 View FIGURES 289 – 294 )............................................................................................. merceti Malenotti View in CoL

- Fore wing infuscated from base to distal end of stigmal vein ( Fig. 234 View FIGURES 233 – 238 ) and hind wing hyaline; fore wing marginal vein with setae M3 and M4 long (M3 length:fore wing marginal vein length 0.50–1.31); female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin with a rounded, medial incision ( Fig. 241 View FIGURES 239 – 244 )............................................................ jojobae n. sp.

4(2) Female metasoma uniformly brown to apex; fore wing marginal vein without seta M1............................. 5

- Female metasoma entirely yellow, or with at least one tergum yellow, usually more; fore wing marginal vein with or without seta Ml............................................................................................ 7

5(4) Mesosoma with posterior 1/2 of mesoscutum, scutellum and metanotum tan or yellow, lighter in color than anterior 1/2 mesoscutum and metasoma; female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin with a rounded medial incision ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 37 – 42 ); Mt1 weakly bilobed or bilobed with posteromedial margin rounded ( Fig. 44 View FIGURES 43 – 48 ); fore wing marginal vein with 1 small, ventral seta............................................................................... bennetti Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Mesosoma in dorsal view uniformly brown; female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin transverse, without a medial incision; Mt1 bilobed with posteromedial margin transverse; fore wing marginal vein lacking a ventral seta........................ 6

6(5) Mandibular ducts enlarged apically ( Fig. 79 View FIGURES 77 – 80 ); female fore wing marginal vein with seta M3 approximately 1/3 length of marginal vein; male with fore and hind wings brachypterous..................... brachyptera Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Mandibular ducts with parallel sides ( Fig. 275 View FIGURES 273 – 276 ) (occasionally enlarged apically); female fore wing marginal vein with seta M3 1/2–3/4× length of marginal vein ( Fig. 278 View FIGURES 277 – 280 ); males not known (the species apparently uniparental)....... maculata Girault View in CoL

7(4) Mt1 consisting of two widely separated lobes ( Fig. 58 View FIGURES 57 – 60 ); female with Ms3–Ms5 with very short anterior projections, much shorter than on Ms6; mandibles with two very short teeth and with mandibular ducts not developed ( Fig. 51 View FIGURES 49 – 52 )..................................................................................... biloba Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Mt1 consisting of a single sclerite, if bilobed the lobes clearly connected by medial portion; Ms3–Ms 5 in females with anterior projections of approximately same length as on Ms6; mandibles with two or three teeth of normal length and with mandibular ducts conspicuous.................................................................................... 8

8(7) Female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin transverse, without a medial incision ( Figs 70 View FIGURES 65 – 70 , 206 View FIGURES 201 – 206 ).......................... 9

- Female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin with a rounded medial incision ( Figs 10 View FIGURES 5 – 10 , 26 View FIGURES 21 – 26 , 102 View FIGURES 97 – 102 , 272 View FIGURES 269 – 272 , 370 View FIGURES 365 – 370 )................... 10

9(8) Fore wing marginal vein with 6 setae (seta M1 rarely absent); scutellum with 6 or 7 setae (rarely 4 or 5); antennal clava tan, entirely dusky brown or dusky brown in distal 1/4–1/2............................................ flavella Girault View in CoL

- Fore wing marginal vein with 5 setae, seta M1 absent (occasionally present); scutellum with 4 setae; antennal clava uniformly pale tan or dusky only in distal 1/6..................................... borinquensis Quezada, DeBach and Rosen View in CoL

10(8) Fore wing marginal vein with 5 setae, seta Ml absent (rarely present); scutellum with 4–6 setae; antennal clava usually pale with apical half or third dusky (darker); Mt1 with posteromedial margin transverse or rounded; parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of Diaspididae View in CoL ..................................................................................... 11

- Fore wing marginal vein with 6 setae (seta M1 rarely absent); scutellum with 4 setae; antennal clava uniformly pale tan or pale brown; Mt1 with posteromedial margin transverse; parasitoids or hyperparasitoids of Aleyrodidae View in CoL ................... 12

11(10) Mt1 bilobed with posteromedial margin rounded ( Fig. 270 View FIGURES 269 – 272 ); mesofemur with apical spine 1/4–2/3× length of proximal spine; antennal clava slightly dusky in distal 1/3 ( Fig. 262 View FIGURES 261 – 264 )................................................ lutea Rust View in CoL

- Mt1 bilobed with posteromedial margin transverse or rounded; mesofemur with apical spine very short, less than 1/4× length of proximal spine; antennal clava with distal 1/2 distinctly dusky, with abrupt transition between pale proximal half and dusky distal half ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 17 – 20 )..................................................................... aspidioti Ashmead View in CoL

12(10) Vertex and frons with reticulate sculpture, mesoscutum also reticulate ( Fig. 361 View FIGURES 361 – 364 , 372 View FIGURES 371 – 376 ); antennal clava short (clava length:scape length 1.20–1.57) ( Figs 362, 364 View FIGURES 361 – 364 ); male metasoma uniformly brown to apex (males common).... xanthographa Blanchard View in CoL

- Vertex and frons with finely and transversely striate sculpture, mesoscutum transversely imbricate ( Figs 12 View FIGURES 11 – 16 , 104 View FIGURES 103 – 108 ); antennal clava short or long; male with at least Mt5 and Mt6 pale yellow.............................................. 13

13(12) Mt1 length:Mt2 length 1.0 (rarely 0.50); antennal clava usually short (clava length:scape length 1.15–1. 75) ( Figs 2, 4 View FIGURES 1 – 4 ); males common (biparental)................................................................... aleyrodis Ashmead View in CoL

- Mt1 length:Mt2 0.50 (rarely 0.33); antennal clava usually long (clava length:scape length 1.52–1.82) ( Figs 94, 96 View FIGURES 93 – 96 ); males rare (uniparental)........................................................................ coquilletti Ashmead View in CoL

14(1) Mandibles tridentate ( Fig. 347 View FIGURES 345 – 348 ); female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin transverse ( Fig. 354 View FIGURES 349 – 354 ); Mt1 strongly bilobed with medial portion transverse or rounded ( Figs 355, 356 View FIGURES 355 – 360 ); Mt1 length:Mt2 length at least 2.0)... tridentata Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Mandible bidentate or rarely bidentate with short dorsal truncation; female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin variable; Mt1 shape variable but Mt1 length:Mt2 length less than 2.0 (except in dozieri n. sp. in which the mandibles are clearly bidentate)... 15

15(14) Ovipositor about as long as entire metasoma ( Figs 163 View FIGURES 161 – 164 , 341 View FIGURES 339 – 344 ), its anterior sclerites lying under propodeum, Mt1 or Mt2... 1 6

- Ovipositor not as long as entire metasoma, its anterior sclerites lying under Mt3–Mt6............................. 17

16(15) Mt1 strongly bilobed with medial portion transverse ( Fig. 340 View FIGURES 339 – 344 ); female Mt8 with a rounded medial incision ( Fig. 338 View FIGURES 333 – 338 ); vertex minutely reticulate sculpture ( Fig. 329 View FIGURES 329 – 332 )..................................... renuncula Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Mt1 bilobed with medial portion rounded ( Fig. 162 View FIGURES 161 – 164 ); female Mt8 with anterior margin straight, without a medial incision ( Fig. 164 View FIGURES 161 – 164 ); vertex with minutely, transversely striate sculpture ( Fig. 153 View FIGURES 153 – 156 )................. ensifera Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

17(15) Female antennal clava distinctly dusky in distal 1/6–¼ ( Figs 302 View FIGURES 301 – 304 , 318 View FIGURES 317 – 320 )......................................... 18

- Female clava uniformly pale tan or slightly dusky in distal 1/3............................................... 19

18(17) Female mesosoma entirely yellow or mesoscutum brown in anterior 1/3–½ ( Fig. 311 View FIGURES 311 – 316 ); female metasoma yellow, occasionally Mt1–Mt3 dusky brown, but Mt8, Mt9 and ovipositor sheaths yellow or rarely dusky brown; scutellum with 5 or 6 setae ( Fig. 312 View FIGURES 311 – 316 ) (males common).................................................................... perpauca Girault View in CoL

- Female mesosoma with medial third of pronotum and all of mesoscutum mostly brown, except in posterolateral corners, and scutellum, metanotum and medial sclerite of propodeum yellow, contrasting with brown lateral sclerites of propodeum and all of metasoma, including ovipositor sheaths ( Fig. 325 View FIGURES 325 – 328 ); scutellum with 4 setae ( Fig. 326 View FIGURES 325 – 328 ), the medial pair closer together than either are to the lateral-most setae (males not known)......................... plaumanni Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

19(17) Female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin transverse ( Figs 136 View FIGURES 133 – 136 , 174 View FIGURES 169 – 174 ).............................................. 20

- Female Mt8 with anterodorsal margin with a rounded, medial incision ( Figs 118 View FIGURES 113 – 118 , 146 View FIGURES 141 – 146 , 190 View FIGURES 185 – 190 , 222 View FIGURES 217 – 222 , 254 View FIGURES 249 – 254 )................. 21

20(19) Propodeum with medial sclerite tan or light brown, usually lighter in color than lateral sclerites [more apparent in male ( Fig. 178 View FIGURES 175 – 180 ) than female ( Fig. 176 View FIGURES 175 – 180 )]; mesotibia and metatibia entirely dusky brown ( Fig. 173 View FIGURES 169 – 174 ); male genitalia with length of apical denticle on digitus subequal to length of digitus, medial denticles present between digiti ( Fig. 179 View FIGURES 175 – 180 ); male Ms8 a thin transverse strip apparently fused to posterior margin of Ms7 ( Fig. 180 View FIGURES 175 – 180 )....................... falcata Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Propodeum entirely brown, medial sclerite not lighter in color than lateral sclerites ( Figs 133, 134 View FIGURES 133 – 136 ); mesotibia and metatibia pale ( Fig. 128 View FIGURES 125 – 128 ) or with metatibia pale but dusky in dorsoproximal half only (males not known)................................................................................................ dozieri Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

21(19) Frons ( Fig. 245 View FIGURES 245 – 248 ) and mesoscutum ( Fig. 256 View FIGURES 255 – 260 ) strongly reticulate; mesotibia length subequal to metatibia length ( Fig. 253 View FIGURES 249 – 254 )......................................................................... longitibia Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Vertex and frons finely and transversely striate, mesoscutum transversely imbricate; mesotibia length at most 1/2–2/3× metatibia length......................................................................................... 22

22(21) Mt1 with posteromedial margin transverse ( Fig. 224 View FIGURES 223 – 228 ); propodeum color variable but both medial sclerite and lateral sclerites tan, yellow, or brown; scutellum with 4 setae; male Ms8 transverse, without an anteromedial projection ( Fig. 228 View FIGURES 223 – 228 )........................................................................................... flavopalliata Ashmead View in CoL

- Mt1 with posteromedial margin rounded (occasional males with posteromedial margin transverse); propodeum color variable; scutellum with 4–8 setae; male Ms8 with a pointed anteromedial projection ( Figs 124 View FIGURES 119 – 124 , 152 View FIGURES 147 – 152 , 196 View FIGURES 191 – 196 )..................... 23

23(22) Lateral region of Mt4–Mt 8 in female with a group of at least 5 or 6 robust setae on each side ( Fig. 149 View FIGURES 147 – 152 ); mesotibial spur with 6–8 teeth ( Fig. 145 View FIGURES 141 – 146 )........................................................ ehleri Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.

- Female with of Mt4–Mt8 laterally with a group of 2 or 3 setae; mesotibial spur with 4 or 5 teeth.................... 24

24(23) Propodeum with medial sclerite yellow or tan, contrasting with brown or dark brown lateral sclerites ( Fig. 192 View FIGURES 191 – 196 ); mesoscutum with 2 setae; scutellum with 4 (occasionally 5 or 6) setae; mesotibia with dorsal setae long, the proximal seta at least ½ length of mesotibia ( Fig. 189 View FIGURES 185 – 190 )........................................................................ fax Girault View in CoL

- Propodeum entirely brown (as for metasoma) ( Fig. 120 View FIGURES 119 – 124 ); mesoscutum with 2 or 4 setae; scutellum with 5 or 6 setae; mesotibia with dorsal setae shorter, the distal seta at most 1/3 length of mesotibia ( Fig. 117 View FIGURES 113 – 118 )... curepensis Woolley & Dal Molin n. sp.