Solenoxyphus adspersus ( Reuter, 1904 )

Konstantinov, Fedor V., 2008, Review of Solenoxyphus Reuter, 1875 (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), American Museum Novitates 3607 (1), pp. 1-44 : 5-15

Solenoxyphus adspersus ( Reuter, 1904)

Figures 10, 11 , 27 , 55

Malthacosoma adspersum Reuter, 1904: 11 (syn. with M. punctipennis by Linnavuori, 1961: 13).

Solenoxyphus barbatus Wagner, 1951: 147 (syn. with Malthacosoma punctipenne by Wagner, 1958: 8).

DIAGNOSIS: Distinguished by the comparatively large and irregularly distributed dots on forewings, faint dotting on hind femora, absence of dark setae on dorsum, dentation and structure of the apical process of vesica. Close to S. loginovae , but differs in the embrowned tibial spines, shorter labium and structure of vesica. Differs from S. punctipennis in the color pattern of forewings.

DESCRIPTION: VESTITURE: Composed of slightly curved to nearly straight silver simple setae, adpressed on forewings and often semierect on head and at sides of pronotum.

COLORATION: Body (fig. 55) whitish yellow to greenish. Head, antennae, pronotum, exposed part of mesoscutum and scutellum uniformly pale, without any color pattern. Scutellum sometimes with indistinct pale midline. Whole forewings except membrane covered with rather large and notably irregularly distributed pale brown dots. Dotting becomes obsolete at extreme base and sometimes also at sides of wing. Dots on corium nearly equal in diameter to width of second antennal segment at base. Cuneus with somewhat smaller and usually more regularly distributed dots. Membrane transparent, typically with indistinct pale brown area running along vein of larger cell and pale brown area behind apex of cuneus. Veins whitish or yellowish. Ventral surface pale. All femora typically with pale brown mottling on whole ventral surfaces except extreme bases. Dorsal surfaces of femora with identical mottling apically. Dots on femora of the same size or smaller and paler than those on forewings. Color pattern on femora more or less reduced in many specimens, sometimes lost. Tibia pale, with brown tibial spines. Minute brown dots at bases of tibial spines usually noticeable, rarely absent.

MALE GENITALIA: Vesica as in figs. 10–11, comparatively thin. Apical process long, thin and acute, with somewhat curved apex, distinctly longer than width of vesica proximal to secondary gonopore. Longitudinal flange distinct but narrow. Series of teeth not extending proximal or distal to secondary gonopore.

STRUCTURE AND MEASUREMENTS: Labium always surpassing hind coxae and usually reaching third or fourth abdominal segment. Hind femora not swollen in both sexes, remarkably long and thin in males. Females macropterous.

In males, body 3.4–3.8 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 1.9–2.1 X as wide as long, 1.4–1.5 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.3– 1.4 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.8–0.9 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 1.2–1.3 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.6–4.2 mm.

In females body 3.1–3.3 X as long as width of pronotum. Pronotum 2.1–2.2 X as wide as long, 1.2–1.4 X as wide as head. Vertex 1.5– 1.7 X as wide as eye. Second antennal segment 0.7–0.8 X as long as basal width of pronotum, 0.9–1.0 X as long as width of head. Body length: 3.1–3.7 mm.

NOTE: S. adspersus was synonymized with S. punctipennis by Linnavuori (1961). Both species have similar vesical structure, general appearance, but noticeably differ in the color pattern of forewings. In contrast to S. punctipennis , S. adspersus has distinctly larger and irregularly distributed dots on forewings. The color pattern appears nearly invariate across the range of S. adspersus , which make this species easily distinguishable from S. punctipennis . Although I have not studied the lectotype of S. adspersus , the collection of the Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, contains three specimens from Ashgabat collected by Ahnger and determined by Reuter. One of these, the data for which are listed below under Specimens Examined, was labelled as Malthacosoma adspersum . Two other specimens have determination labels ‘‘ Malthacosoma punctipenne Reut. ’’ This material, as well as the type of S. punctipennis , was found to be in a full accordance with the original descriptions and species concepts accepted in this paper.

Judging by the original description, S. barbatus seems to be a junior synonym of S. adspersus , but this needs further clarification, as I was unable to see the types.

DISTRIBUTION: The distribution of S. adspersus in the Mediterranean region needs further clarification. S. punctipennis was recorded from Egypt (as S. barbatus Wagner, 1951 ), Tunisia ( Carapezza, 1997), Iraq ( Linnavuori, 1993), Israel ( Linnavuori, 1961), and Afganistan ( Hoberlandt, 1961). The first locality should be referred to S. adspersus , as S. barbatus is considered here its junior synonym. Examined specimens from Tunisia collected by Carapezza undoubtedly belong to S. adspersus too. Linnavuori (1961) has seen only the lectotype of S. adspersus while synonymizing the species with S. punctipennis . The type of S. punctipennis was not examined by him. Therefore, it seems likely that records of S. punctipennis from Iraq and Israel also

Figs. 45–50. Tarsi: 45, S. salsolae ; 46, S. kerzhneri ; 47, S. punctipennis ; 48, S. fuscovenosus ; 49, S. lepidus ;

50, S. anabasius .

should be attributed to S. adspersus . However, both species are highly sympatric in the Caucasus and Central Asia. In the collection of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, there are specimens of S. adspersus from Azerbaijan, Dagestan, southern Kazakhstan, southern and eastern Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Turkmenistan, and Iran.

HOST PLANT: Kaplin (1993) indicated that Suaeda arcuata (Chenopodiaceae) was the host plant of a Malthacosoma sp. in the Repetek Nature Reserve ( Turkmenistan). This reference most probably can be attribut- ed to S. adspersus , as S. punctipennis is unknown from the well-sampled area of this reserve. One specimen of S. adspersus from Turkmenistan is labeled as collected from Salsola sp. (Chenopodiaceae) . Linnavuori (1993) indicated that Halocharis sulphurea (Chenopodiaceae) was the host plant for M. punctipenne from Iraq. Putshkov and Putshkov (1983) noted that in Azerbaijan and Armenia M. punctipenne feeds on Suaeda sp. , while in Turkmenistan representatives of this species were also collected from Kochia iranica , Climacoptera brachiata , C. korschinskyi (Chenopodiaceae) , and, occasionally, from Atriplex turcomanica (Chenopodiaceae) . Hence, host-plant associations of S. adspersus and S. punctipennis need further verification.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARMENIA: Vedi nr Khosrov , 16 Jul 2002, M. Kalashian, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141087 ) ( AC) . AZERBAIJAN: Nakhichevan Prov.: Hehram [Negram] on Araks River , 19 May 1934, Ryabov, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141086 ) . IRAN: Semnan: Emamshachr [Shachrud], 28 May 1914, A. N. Kiritshenko, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140902 , AMNH _PBI

00140948), 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140914 , AMNH _ PBI 00140944 , AMNH _ PBI 00140946 ); 29 May 1914, A. N. Kiritshenko, 153 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140893 , AMNH _ PBI 00140903 – AMNH _ PBI 00140905 , AMNH _ PBI 00140907 , AMNH _ PBI 00140922 – AMNH _ PBI 00140927 , AMNH _ PBI 00140929 , AMNH _ PBI 00140931 , AMNH _ PBI 00140933 , AMNH _ PBI 00140947 ) , 22♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140909 – AMNH _ PBI 00140913 , AMNH _ PBI 00140915 – AMNH _ PBI 00140920 , AMNH _ PBI 00140935 – AMNH _ PBI 00140936 , AMNH _ PBI 00140938 – AMNH _ PBI 00140939 , AMNH _ PBI 00140941 – AMNH _ PBI 00140942 , AMNH _ PBI 00140960 – AMNH _ PBI 00140964 ); 30 May 1914, A. N. Kiritshenko, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140901 , AMNH _ PBI 00140921 , AMNH _ PBI 00140930 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140934 , AMNH _ PBI 00140937 , AMNH _ PBI 00140940 , AMNH _ PBI 00140965 ); 05 Jun 1914, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140894 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _PBI

00140908); 06 Jun 1914, A. N. Kiritshenko, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140906 , AMNH _ PBI 00140928 , AMNH _ PBI 00140932 ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140943 , AMNH _ PBI 00140945 ). KAZAKH- STAN: South Kazakhstan Prov.: Kyrk-kuduk , W of Saryagach , 13 Jun 1926 – 16 Jun 1926, Prinada, 33 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141137 – AMNH _ PBI 00141139 ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141125 – AMNH _ PBI 00141127 ). Zhambul Prov.: Merke nr Taraz [former Aulie-Ata] , 16 Jun 1910, A. N. Kiritshenko, 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141036 , AMNH _ PBI 00141048 – AMNH _ PBI 00141050 , AMNH _ PBI 00141063 ). RUSSIAN FEDER- ATION: Dagestan Rep.: Derbent , 12 Jun 1928, Ryabov, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141078 , AMNH _ PBI 00141079 ). TAJIKISTAN: Chubek , 25 Jun 1910, Zarudny, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141080 ). Dushanbe [former Stalinabad ] , 17 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140949 , AMNH _ PBI 00140950 ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140966 – AMNH _PBI

Figs. 55–65. Dorsal habitus photographs: 55, Solenoxyphus adspersus 3. 56, S. alkani (holotype of S. markevichi ) 3. 57, S. artemisiae 3. 58, S. asanovae 3. 59, S. asanovae ♀. 60, S. halocnemi 3. 61, S. loginovae ♀. 62, 65, S.lepidus 3. 63, S. fuscovenosus ♀. 64, S. fuscovenosus 3.

Figs. 66–76. Habitus views: 66, 67, Solenoxyphus candidatus 3. 68, S. major 3. 69, S. salsolae 3. 70, S. pallens 3. 71, S. nanophyti 3. 72, S. nanophyti ♀. 73, S. punctipennis ♀. 74, S. kerzhneri 3. 75, S. anabasius 3. 76, S. anabasius ♀.

00140971); 22 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140951 – AMNH _ PBI 00140954 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140972 ) ; 29 Jun 1945, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140955 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140973 – AMNH _ PBI 00140975 ) ; 27 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140956 ) ; 15 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140957 ) ; 04 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140958 ) ; 11 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140976 , AMNH _ PBI 00140977 ) , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140986 – AMNH _ PBI 00140990 ) ; 09 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 53 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140978 – AMNH _ PBI 00140982 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140991 – AMNH _ PBI 00140993 ) ; 07 Jun 1934, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141099 ) . Dushanbe [former Stalinabad], Islands in Dushanbe River , 08 Aug 1935, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141098 ) ; 04 Aug 1935, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141100 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141101 ) . DzhiliKul’ on Vakhsh River , 02 Sep 1935, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141102 ) . Dzhilikul’ [Dzheli-kul’] nr Tartki [former Kabadian], 16 Jun 1910 – 21 Jun 1910, Zarudny, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141094 , AMNH _ PBI 00141095 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141064 , AMNH _ PBI 00141065 ) . Kafirnigan River , nr Dushanbe [former Stalinabad] , 08 Jul 1945, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141076 ) . Kondara Canyon, valley of Varzob River , 31 Aug 1945, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141075 ) ; 08 Sep 1947, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141104 ) . Koy-Pyaz-Tau Mts nr Tartki [former Kabadian], 25 Jun 1934, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141103 ) . Nr Kulyab, 23 Jul 1933, V. Popov, 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00140956 , AMNH _ PBI 00140983 – AMNH _ PBI 00140985 , AMNH _ PBI 00141106 – AMNH _ PBI 00141108 ) , 5♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140994 – AMNH _ PBI 00140998 ) ; 19 Jul 1933, V. Popov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141068 ) . Parkhar on Pyandzh River , 17 Jul 1934, Luppova, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141070 ) . Ruidasht, 40 km from Dushanbe [former Stalinabad], 3000 m, 17 Jun 1938, Gussakovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141071 ) . Tartki [former Kabadian], 09 Jun 1934, Gussakovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141066 ) ; 01 Jul 1934, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141067 ) ; 19 Jun 1934, Gussakovskiy, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141115 ) . Uzun, 30 km S Qurghonteppa [Kurgan-Tyube] , 09 Jun 1936, Gussakovskiy, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141105 ) . Delta of Yavan-Su River nr Kuibyshevsk, 25 Jul 1943, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141074 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141073 ) . TUNISIA: Gafsa, Oued Magroun , 18 Jun 1990, A. Carapezza, 13, 1♀, without USI label ( AC) . TURKMENISTAN: 50 km NW Tejen [Tedzhen] , 28 Aug 1962, Guliev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141082 ) . Akhchaguyma, 04 Jul 1934, V. Popov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141135 ) . Ashgabat [ Askhabad ], 19 May 1932 – 23 May 1932, Ushinskiy, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141133 , AMNH _ PBI 00141134 ) ; 04 Jun 1903, Ahnger, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141128 ) . Charjew [Chardzhui], 10 May 1889, Semenov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141084 ) . Garrygala [Kara-kala], Syumy, 01 Jun 1931, Petrishcheva, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141136 ) . Gokdepe [Geok-tepe], 12 Jun 1928, Semenov, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141120 , AMNH _ PBI 00141121 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141119 ) . Imambaba, Mary [Merv], 27 Apr 1912, Kozhanchikov, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141122 , AMNH _ PBI 00141129 ) , 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141124 ) ; 09 May 1912 – 11 May 1912, Kozhanchikov, 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141123 , AMNH _ PBI 00141130 – AMNH _ PBI 00141132 ) . Morgunovskiy, 7 km N Kushka , 05 May 1964, Loginova, Salsola sp. , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141081 ) . Nova [Nouo], Kopetdag Mts , 26 Sep 1930, Bianchi, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141141 ) . Repetek, 02 Jun 1962, Gornostaev and Vishnevskiy, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141117 , AMNH _ PBI 00141118 ) ; 02 Jun 1962, Tryapitsin, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141114 ) . UZBEKISTAN: Fergana Valley : Massy nr Andijon [Andizhan] , 01 Sep 1928, V. Kuznetsov, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141083 ) . Nr Namangan, Mingbulak [Min-Bulak] on Syr-Darya River , 22 May 1908, A. Kiritshenko coll., 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141090 ) ; 23 May 1908, A. Kiritshenko coll., 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141091 ) . 12 km S of Gazli , 01 Jun 1948, A. N. Kiritshenko, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141116 ) . Derbent, 05 Jun 1912, A. N. Kiritshenko, 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141092 – AMNH _ PBI 00141093 , AMNH _ PBI 00141109 – AMNH _ PBI 00141113 ) . Kanimekh NE of Bukhara , 18 Jul 1928, Burachek, 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141072 , AMNH _ PBI 00141096 – AMNH _ PBI 00141097 ) ; 21 Jul 1928, Burachek, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141069 ) . Kumak nr Samarkand, 07 Jul 1929, L. Zimin, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141085 ) . Kuylyuk, 21 Jul 1905, V. Oshanin coll., 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141037 ) . Kyzylkum Sands, 20 km N of Ayakguzhumdy , 26 Apr 1965, I. M. Kerzhner, Salsola sp. , 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141030 ) , 4♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141031 – AMNH _ PBI 00141034 ) . Kyzylkum Sands, Maschi Well, NW Nurata, 21 Jun 1928, Burachek, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141077 ) . Lyaylyakan nr Sherabad, 24 May 1910, Zarudny, 43 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141008 – AMNH _ PBI 00141011 ) , 3♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141026 – AMNH _ PBI 00141028 ) ; 24 May 1910, Zarudny, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141029 ) . Nr Guzar, 09 Aug 1929, Elizarova, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141023 ) . Termez [Buchara mer. 5 former Bukhara Chanate] , 21 May 1912, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141024 ) ; 19 May 1912, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141025 ) ; 27 Jun 1912, A. N. Kiritshenko, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141035 ) ; 23 May 1910 – 30 May 1910, Zarudny, 1♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141140 ) .Toshkent [Tashkent], 07 May 1912, Seslavina, 83 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141038 – AMNH _ PBI 00141045 ) , 10♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141051 – AMNH _ PBI 00141060 ) ; 09 Jun 1913, A. N. Kiritshenko, 23 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141046 , AMNH _ PBI 00141047 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141061 , AMNH _ PBI 00141062 ) . Yargak nr Khatyrchi, 16 Jun 1928, L. Zimin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141012 ) ; 05 Aug 1928 – 06 Aug 1928, L. Zimin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141013 ) , 2♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00140999 , AMNH _ PBI 00141106 ) ; 11 Jun 1928, L. Zimin, 73 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141014 – AMNH _ PBI 00141020 ) , 6♀ ( AMNH _ PBI 00141000 – AMNH _ PBI 00141005 ) ; 16 Jun 1928, L. Zimin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141021 ) ; 12 Aug 1928, L. Zimin, 13 ( AMNH _ PBI 00141022 ) .

Figures

Figs. 8–18. Vesica, ventral view: 8–9, Solenoxyphus fuscovenosus: 8, Kazakhstan: Saykhin, on Halocnemum strobilaceum; 9, Ukraine: Kerch. 10–11. S. adspersus: 10, Turkmenistan: Repetek (Hohlbeck); 11, Uzbekistan: Derbent. 12, S. punctipennis, Azerbaijan: Turut steppe. 13–15, S. lepidus: 13, Kazakhstan: Muyunkum sands; 14, Mongolia: Gobi Altai Aimak; 15, Spain: Alfés. 16, S. artemisiae, Uzbekistan, holotype. 17–18, S. alkani: 17, Armenia, holotype of S. markevichi; 18, Turkey, paratype.

Figs. 19–31. 19–21, 24–25, 30, Solenoxyphus kerzhneri, Kyrgyzstan, paratype: 19, apex of theca; 20–21, vesica in ventral view; 24, right paramere; 25, left paramere; 30, vesica in side view. 22, 23, 31: S. major, vesica: 22, 31, Spain, Bujalaroz, collected from Suaeda sp.: 22, in ventral view; 31, in side view; 23, Spain: Alfés, in ventral view. 26–29, claws: 26, S. kerzhneri; 27, S. adspersus; 28, S. salsolae; 29, S. anabasius.