Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838

van Achterberg, Cornelis, Shaw, Mark R. & Quicke, Donald L. J., 2020, Revision of the western Palaearctic species of Aleiodes Wesmael (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Rogadinae). Part 2: Revision of the A. apicalis group, ZooKeys 919, pp. 1-259 : 1

Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838 Figs 10-21 , 22-25 , 26-37 , 38, 39 , 40-49 , 50-53 , 54-65 , 66-71 , 72, 73 , 74-79 , 80 , 81-92 , 93-97 , 98-100 , 101 , 102-115 , 116-118 , 119-131 , 132-137 , 138-141 , 142-153 , 154-160 , 161-163 , 164-177 , 178, 179 , 180-191 , 192-195 , 196-198 , 199-211 , 212-216 , 217-220 , 221-233 , 234-239 , 240-242 , 243-255 , 256-263 , 264, 265 , 266-277 , 278-288 , 289-291 , 292-302 , 303-306 , 307-309 , 310-321 , 322-324 , 325-338 , 339-342 , 343-346 , 347-359 , 360-364 , 365-367 , 368-380 , 381-384 , 385-389 , 390-399 , 400-408 , 409, 410 , 411-424 , 425-427 , 428-431 , 432-444 , 445-452 , 453, 454 , 455-466 , 467, 468 , 469-481 , 482, 483 , 484-495 , 496 , 497-503 , 504, 505 , 506-518 , 519-521 , 522-535 , 536 , 537-542 , 543, 544 , 545-557 , 558, 559 , 560-572 , 573-576 , 577-589 , 590 , 591-603 , 604-607 , 608-621 , 622-626 , 627, 628 , 629-641 , 642 , 643-651 , 652, 653 , 654-666 , 667-669 , 670-681 , 682-685 , 686, 687 , 688-700 , 701-703 , 704-716 , 717, 718 , 719 , 720-727 , 728, 729 , 730-742 , 743 , 744-757 , 758, 759 , 760-762 , 763-776 , 777, 778 , 779-791 , 792-794 , 795-807 , 808-812 , 813, 814 , 815-826 , 827-829 , 830-840

Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838: 194; Shenefelt 1975: 1163-1185; Marsh 1979: 177-178; Papp 1985a: 143-164, 1985b: 347-349; Shaw and Huddleston 1991: 95-96 (biology); van Achterberg 1991: 24; Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2004: 225, 2008: 329 (phylogeny); van Achterberg and Shaw 2016: 8-11 (groups). Type species (designated by Viereck 1914): Aleiodes heterogaster Wesmael, 1838 [examined; = A. albitibia ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)].

Petalodes Wesmael, 1838: 123; Tobias 1971: 218 (transl. 1975: 86-87); Shenefelt 1975: 1209-1211; Tobias 1976: 90; Marsh 1979: 179; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); van Achterberg and Shaw 2016: 8. Type species (by monotypy): Petalodes unicolor Wesmael, 1838 [examined; = Aleiodes compressor ( Herrich-Schäffer, 1838)].

Schizoides Wesmael, 1838: 94. Unavailable name.

Nebartha Walker, 1860: 310; Shenefelt 1975: 1216; Marsh 1979: 179; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Nebartha macropodides Walker, 1860 [examined].

Tetrasphaeropyx Ashmead, 1889: 634; Shenefelt 1975: 1260; Marsh 1979: 179; Fortier and Sherman 2008: 445 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2008: 329 (as synonym of subgenus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Rogas pilosus Cresson, 1872 [examined].

Neorhogas Szépligeti, 1906: 605; Shenefelt 1975: 1205; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2008: 329 (included in subgenus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Neorhogas luteus Szépligeti, 1906 [examined; = Aleiodes praetor (Reinhard, 1863)].

Chelonorhogas Enderlein, [Sept. 1st] 1912a: 258; Shenefelt 1975: 1187; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2008: 329 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Chelonorhogas rufithorax Enderlein, 1912 [examined; not Aleiodes rufithorax (Cameron, 1911) = A. convexus van Achterberg, 1991].

Eucystomastax Brues, [(end of?) Sept.] 1912: 223; Shaw 1993: 5 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2004: 225 (included in Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Shimbori & Penteado-Dias 2011: 17 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Eucystomastax bicolor Brues, 1912 (= Rogas melanopterus Erichson, 1848).

Leluthinus Enderlein, 1912b: 96; Shenefelt 1975: 1202-1203; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Leluthinus lividus Enderlein, 1912 [examined].

Aleirhogas Baker, 1917b: 383, 411; Shenefelt 1975: 1185-1186; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (designated by Viereck 1921): Rhogas (Aleirhogas) schultzei Baker, 1917 [examined].

Hemigyroneuron Baker, 1917a: 284, 322-327; Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2008: 329 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Butcher and Quicke 2011: 1405 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838, and Hemigyroneuron sensu Zaldívar-Riverón et al. (2008) is not Hemigyroneuron )); Butcher and Quicke 2015: 275-279. Type species (original designation): Hemigyroneuron speciosus Baker, 1917 [examined].

Heterogamoides Fullaway, 1919: 43; Shenefelt 1975: 1188; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Heterogamoides muirii Fullaway, 1919 [examined].

Cordylorhogas Enderlein, 1920: 153; Shenefelt 1975: 1195; van Achterberg 1991: 31; Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2004: 232, 2008: 329 (as synonym of subgenus Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Cordylorhogas trifasciatus Enderlein, 1920 [examined].

Hyperstemma Shestakov, 1940: 10; Shenefelt 1975: 1200; van Achterberg 1991: 24 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by monotypy): Hyperstemma chlorotica Shestakov, 1940 [examined].

Dimorphomastax Shenefelt, 1979: 131-133; Shaw et al. 1998: 66 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (by original designation): Dimorphomastax peculiaris Shenefelt, 1979 [examined; = Aleiodes atriceps Cresson, 1869].

Pholichora van Achterberg, 1991: 48-53; Quicke and Shaw 2005: 532; Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2008: 329 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Butcher and Quicke 2011: 1405 (as synonym of subgenus Hemigyroneuron Baker, 1917); Butcher et al. 2012: 9 (id.). Type species (original designation): Hemigyroneuron madagascariensis Granger, 1949 [examined].

Arcaleiodes Chen & He, 1997: 60-62; Zaldívar-Riverón et al. 2008: 329 (as subgenus of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838); Butcher et al. 2012: 18-19 (id.). Type species (original designation): Aleiodes unifasciatus Chen & He, 1991 [examined].

Vietorogas Long & van Achterberg, 2008: 313-314; Butcher et al. 2012: 15-17 (as synonym of Aleiodes Wesmael, 1838). Type species (original designation): Vietorogas bachma Long, 2008 [examined].

R (h) ogas auct; Tobias, 1971: 215-217 (transl. 1975: 83-86); Shenefelt, 1975: 1215-1256; Tobias, 1976: 81-89; Marsh, 1979: 179-181; Tobias, 1986: 74-84.

Notes.

Hyperstemma Shestakov, 1940, is traditionally included in the genus Heterogamus Wesmael, 1838 ( Shenefelt 1975) or in the subgenus Heterogamus of the genus Aleiodes Wesmael (e.g., Belokobylskij 2000), but differs by the shape of the head (Figs 17-19 ) and of the tarsal claws (Fig. 20 ), the position of the clypeus (Fig. 17 ), the elongate 2nd submarginal cell of the fore wing (but folded in Fig. 10 ), the widened 1st subdiscal cell of the fore wing and distinctly widened marginal cell of the hind wing (Fig. 10 ). Therefore, we retain the subgenus Hyperstemma Shestakov of Aleiodes Wesmael for at least the following species: A. chloroticus (Shestakov, 1940) from China (Palaearctic and Oriental), *Japan (RMNH), Korea, and Russia (Far East), A. albigenus Chen & He, 1997, from China (Oriental) and Vietnam, A. crassinervis Chen & He, 1997, from China (Oriental) and Vietnam, A. naevius Chen & He, 1997, from China (Oriental), and A. pallidinervis (Cameron, 1910) from China (Palaearctic and Oriental), Japan, Korea, and Russia (Far East).

Figures

Figure 80. Aleiodes arnoldii (Tobias), ♂, Turkey, Tanin Pass, habitus lateral.

Figure 101. Larva of Aleiodes aterrimus (Ratzeburg) mummifying Amphipyra pyramidea (Linnaeus), with its anterior (indicated by the arrow) projecting from the ventral opening in the host to spread adhesive over a wide area.

Figure 496. Aleiodes morio (Reinhard), ♂, Hungary, Nadap, habitus lateral.

Figure 536. Aleiodes nobilis (Haliday), ♂, Netherlands, Gulpen, habitus lateral.

Figure 590. Aleiodes periscelis (Reinhard), ♂, Russia, Serpukhov, habitus lateral.

Figure 642. Aleiodes quadrum (Tobias), ♂, Bulgaria, Haskovo, habitus lateral.

Figure 719. Aleiodes rugulosus (Nees), Netherlands, Ede, mummy of Acronicta auricoma (Denis & Schiffermueller). Photograph: J. Voogd.

Figure 743. Aleiodes schirjajewi (Kokujev), ♀, Hungary, Budapest, habitus lateral.

Figures 10 - 21. Aleiodes chloroticus (Shestakov), ♂, Japan 10 wings 11 mesosoma lateral 12 mesosoma dorsal 13 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 14 fore femur lateral 15 hind femur lateral 16 base of antenna 17 head anterior 18 head dorsal 19 head lateral 20 outer hind tarsal claw 21 apex of antenna.

Figures 22 - 25. Aleiodes aestuosus (Reinhard), ♀, Cyprus, Yermasoyja River, but 25 from Uzbekistan, Qamashi 22 ovipositor sheath lateral 23 habitus lateral 24 apex of antenna 25 mummy of Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermueller).

Figures 26 - 37. Aleiodes aestuosus (Reinhard), ♀, Cyprus, Yermasoyja River 26 fore wing 27 hind wing 28 mesosoma lateral 29 mesosoma dorsal 30 metasoma dorsal 31 fore femur lateral 32 hind femur lateral 33 base of antenna 34 head anterior 35 head dorsal 36 head lateral 37 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 38, 39. Aleiodes agilis (Telenga), ♀, paralectotype 38 habitus lateral 39 ovipositor sheath lateral. Photographs by K. Samartsev.

Figures 40 - 49. Aleiodes agilis (Telenga), ♀, paralectotype, but 47 of lectotype 40 wings 41 mesosoma lateral 42 fore femur lateral 43 hind femur lateral 44 outer hind tarsal claw 45 fore leg 46 head anterior 47 head dorso-lateral 48 head lateral 49 base of antenna. Photographs by K. Samartsev.

Figures 50 - 53. Aleiodes apicalis (Brulle), ♀, Greece, Thimiana Chios, but 52 mummies of Autographa gamma (Linnaeus) from Malta and 53 of undetermined plusiine host from Cyprus 50 habitus lateral 51 ovipositor sheath lateral 52 mummy dorsal 53 mummy covered by silk of host.

Figures 54 - 65. Aleiodes apicalis (Brulle), ♀, Bulgaria, Rodopi 54 wings 55 mesosoma lateral 56 mesosoma dorsal 57 1 st - 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 58 fore femur lateral 59 hind femur lateral 60 head anterior 61 head dorsal 62 head lateral 63 outer hind tarsal claw 64 base of antenna 65 apex of antenna.

Figures 66 - 71. Aleiodes apicalis (Brulle), ♂, Turkey, Sivas 66 habitus lateral 67 head dorsal 68 3 rd - 7 th metasomal tergites dorsal 69 3 rd - 7 th metasomal tergites lateral 70 head anterior 71 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 72, 73. Aleiodes arnoldii (Tobias), ♀, holotype 72 habitus lateral 73 ovipositor sheath lateral. Photographs: K. Samartsev.

Figures 74 - 79. Aleiodes arnoldii (Tobias), ♀, holotype 74 wings 75 mesosoma lateral 76 antenna 77 head lateral 78 head anterior 79 head dorsal. Photographs: K. Samartsev.

Figures 81 - 92. Aleiodes arnoldii (Tobias), ♂, Turkey, Tanin Pass 81 wings 82 mesosoma lateral 83 mesosoma dorsal 84 metasoma dorsal 85 fore femur lateral 86 hind femur lateral 87 inner hind tarsal claw 88 head anterior 89 head dorsal 90 head lateral 91 base of antenna 92 apex of metasoma lateral.

Figures 93 - 97. Aleiodes aterrimus (Ratzeburg), ♀, England, Pamber Forest 93 habitus lateral 94 detail of fore wing with arrow indicating lost vein r-m 95 ovipositor sheath lateral 96, 97 mummies of Amphipyra sp. showing variation in markings.

Figures 98 - 100. Aleiodes aterrimus (Ratzeburg), ♀, England, Pamber Forest 98 parasitised caterpillar of Amphipyra sp. 99 early stage of mummy 100 later stage of mummy.

Figures 102 - 115. Aleiodes aterrimus (Ratzeburg), ♀, England, Pamber Forest, but 102 from Austria, Wien 102 fore wing 103 hind wing 104 mesosoma lateral 105 mesosoma dorsal 106 metasoma dorsal 107 fore femur lateral 108 hind femur lateral 109 head anterior 110 head dorsal 111 head lateral 112 hind tibia and tarsus lateral 113 outer hind tarsal claw 114 base of antenna 115 apex of antenna.

Figures 116 - 118. Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, ♀, Hungary, Veszprem 116 habitus lateral 117 ovipositor sheath lateral 118 mummy of Tholera decimalis (Poda).

Figures 119 - 131. Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, ♀, Hungary, Veszprem 119 fore wing 120 hind wing 121 mesosoma lateral 122 mesosoma dorsal 123 metasoma dorsal 124 fore femur lateral 125 hind femur lateral 126 head anterior 127 head dorsal 128 head lateral 129 base of antenna 130 apex of antenna 131 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 132 - 137. Aleiodes carbonarius Giraud, ♂, Hungary, Csakvar 132 habitus lateral 133 head dorsal 134 wings 135 base of antenna 136 apex of antenna 137 head anterior.

Figures 138 - 141. Aleiodes carbonaroides sp. nov., ♀, holotype 138 habitus lateral 139 ovipositor sheath lateral 140 outer hind tarsal claw lateral 141 mummy of Cerapteryx graminis (Linnaeus).

Figures 142 - 153. Aleiodes carbonaroides sp. nov., ♀, holotype 142 fore wing 143 hind wing 144 mesosoma lateral 145 mesosoma dorsal 146 metasoma dorsal 147 fore femur lateral 148 hind femur lateral 149 head anterior 150 head dorsal 151 head lateral 152 base of antenna 153 apex of antenna.

Figures 154 - 160. Aleiodes carbonaroides sp. nov., ♂, paratype 154 habitus lateral 155 apex of antenna 156 antenna 157 base of antenna 158 wings lateral 159 head anterior 160 head dorsal.

Figures 161 - 163. Aleiodes caucasicus (Tobias), ♀, Russia, Sotchi 161 habitus lateral 162 ovipositor sheath lateral 163 apex of antenna (of paratype).

Figures 164 - 177. Aleiodes caucasicus (Tobias), ♀, Russia, Sotchi 164 fore wing 165 hind wing 166 mesosoma lateral 167 mesosoma dorsal 168 metasoma dorsal 169 fore femur lateral 170 hind femur lateral 171 head anterior 172 head dorsal 173 head lateral 174 base of antenna 175 antenna 176 hind tibia and tarsus lateral 177 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 178, 179. Aleiodes coriaceus sp. nov., ♀, holotype 178 habitus lateral 179 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 180 - 191. Aleiodes coriaceus sp. nov., ♀, holotype 180 wings 181 mesosoma lateral 182 mesosoma dorsal 183 propodeum and 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 184 fore femur lateral 185 hind femur lateral 186 head anterior 187 head dorsal 188 head lateral 189 outer hind tarsal claw 190 base of antenna 191 apex of antenna.

Figures 192 - 195. Aleiodes coriaceus sp. nov., ♂, paratype 192 habitus lateral 193 inner hind claw lateral 194 3 rd- 7 th metasomal tergites dorsal 195 3 rd - 7 th metasomal tergites lateral.

Figures 196 - 198. Aleiodes cruentus (Nees), ♀, Germany, Markkleeberg, but 198 from Finland, Maentyharju 196 habitus lateral 197 ovipositor sheath lateral 198 mummy of Hadena confusa (Hufnagel).

Figures 199 - 211. Aleiodes cruentus (Nees), ♀, Germany, Markkleeberg 199 wings 200 mesosoma lateral 201 mesosoma dorsal 202 metasoma dorsal 203 fore femur lateral 204 hind femur lateral 205 outer hind tarsal claw 206 head anterior 207 head dorsal 208 head lateral 209 base of antenna 210 apex of antenna 211 hind tarsus lateral.

Figures 212 - 216. Aleiodes cruentus (Nees), ♂, Hungary, Harsbokorhegy, but 213 - 215 from Germany, Markkleeberg 212 habitus lateral 213 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 214 4 th- 7 th metasomal tergites lateral 215 id. dorsal 216 basal antennal segments.

Figures 217 - 220. Aleiodes desertus (Telenga), ♀, paralectotype 217 habitus lateral 218 antenna lateral 219 detail of fore wing 220 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 221 - 233. Aleiodes desertus (Telenga), ♀, paralectotype, but 224 and 230 of lectotype 221 fore wing 222 hind wing 223 mesosoma lateral 224 mesosoma dorsal 225 metasoma dorsal 226 fore femur lateral 227 hind femur lateral 228 apex of antenna 229 head anterior 230 head dorsal 231 head lateral 232 outer hind tarsal claw 233 base of antenna.

Figures 234 - 239. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), U. K., Scotland (in culture) parasitising Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel) 234 pre-mummy, removed from its hideaway, with unparasitised control from the same egg batch (below) 235 pre-mummy 236 early mummification 237 mummy with ventral ooze 238 three fully hard mummies 239 emerged mummy, cut open to expose silken lining.

Figures 240 - 242. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin, but 242 from Scotland (culture) 240 habitus lateral 241 ovipositor sheath lateral 242 mummy of Orthosia incerta (Hufnagel).

Figures 243 - 255. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♀, Switzerland, Tessin 243 fore wing 244 hind wing 245 mesosoma lateral 246 mesosoma dorsal 247 propodeum and 1 st - 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 248 fore femur lateral 249 hind femur lateral 250 outer hind tarsal claw 251 head anterior 252 head dorsal 253 head lateral 254 base of antenna 255 apex of antenna.

Figures 256 - 263. Aleiodes dissector (Nees), ♂, Austria, Kaernten 256 habitus lateral 257 head dorsal 258 3 rd- 7 th tergites lateral 259 mesosoma dorsal 260 1 st- 6 th metasomal tergites dorsal 261 fore femur lateral 262 head anterior 263 hind femur lateral.

Figures 264, 265. Aleiodes diversus (Szepligeti), ♀, Italy, Sicily 264 habitus lateral 265 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 266 - 277. Aleiodes diversus (Szepligeti), ♀, Italy, Sicily 266 wings 267 mesosoma lateral 268 mesosoma dorsal 269 propodeum and metasoma dorsal 270 fore femur lateral 271 hind femur lateral 272 outer hind tarsal claw 273 head anterior 274 head dorsal 275 head lateral 276 base of antenna 277 apex of antenna.

Figures 278 - 288. Aleiodes diversus (Szepligeti), ♂, Italy, Sicily 278 habitus lateral 279 3 rd- 7 th tergites lateral 280 wings 281 mesosoma lateral 282 metasoma dorsal 283 outer hind claw 284 hind tibial spurs lateral 285 head anterior 286 head dorsal 287 base of antenna 288 apex of antenna.

Figures 289 - 291. Aleiodes eurinus (Telenga), ♀, Mongolia, but 291 Russia, Chelyabinskoi Obl. 289 habitus lateral 290 ovipositor sheath lateral 291 apex of antenna.

Figures 292 - 302. Aleiodes eurinus (Telenga), ♀, Mongolia 292 wings 293 mesosoma lateral 294 mesosoma dorsal 295 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergite dorsal 296 fore femur lateral 297 hind femur lateral 298 head anterior 299 head dorsal 300 head lateral 301 base of antenna 302 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 303 - 306. Aleiodes eurinus (Telenga), ♂, Mongolia 303 habitus lateral 304 head anterior 305 apical half of metasoma lateral 306 head dorsal.

Figures 307 - 309. Aleiodes fahringeri (Telenga), ♀, Mongolia, Somon Bulgan 307 habitus lateral 308 ovipositor sheath lateral 309 detail of fore wing.

Figures 310 - 321. Aleiodes fahringeri (Telenga), ♀, Mongolia, Somon Bulgan 310 wings 311 mesosoma lateral 312 mesosoma dorsal 313 propodeum and 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 314 fore femur lateral 315 hind femur lateral 316 base of antenna 317 apex of antenna 318 head anterior 319 head dorsal 320 head lateral 321 inner hind tarsal claw

Figures 322 - 324. Aleiodes fortipes (Reinhard), ♀, England, Santon Downham 322 habitus lateral 323 ovipositor sheath lateral 324 mummy of Idaea sp. (either I. aversata (Linnaeus) or I. straminata (Borkhausen )), Poland, Dybki.

Figures 325 - 338. Aleiodes fortipes (Reinhard), ♀, England, Santon Downham 325 fore wing 326 hind wing 327 mesosoma lateral 328 mesosoma dorsal 329 1 st - 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 330 fore femur lateral 331 hind femur lateral 332 head anterior 333 head dorsal 334 head lateral 335 base of antenna 336 apex of antenna 337 antenna 338 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 339 - 342. Aleiodes fortipes (Reinhard), ♂, England, Santon Downham 339 habitus lateral 340 3 rd- 7 th metasomal tergites dorsal 341 id. lateral 342 metasoma dorsal. Arrows indicating setose depressions or pores of 4 th- 6 th tergites.

Figures 343 - 346. Aleiodes gasterator (Jurine), ♀, France, Les Constants, but 345 and 346 from Cyprus 343 habitus lateral 344 ovipositor sheath lateral 345 mummy of Agrotis sp. 346 mummy of Agrotis sp. or Spodoptera littoralis (Boisduval).

Figures 347 - 359. Aleiodes gasterator (Jurine), ♀, France, Les Constants 347 fore wing 348 hind wing 349 mesosoma lateral 350 mesosoma dorsal 351 metasoma dorsal 352 fore femur lateral 353 hind femur lateral 354 base of antenna 355 head anterior 356 head dorsal 357 head lateral 358 outer hind tarsal claw 359 apex of antenna.

Figures 360 - 364. Aleiodes gasterator (Jurine), ♂, Italy, Livorno, but 364 of ♀, France 360 habitus lateral 361 antenna 362 base of antenna 363 apex of antenna 364 3 rd metasomal tergite dorsal.

Figures 365 - 367. Aleiodes grassator (Thunberg), ♀, Scotland, Beinn Ghlas 365 habitus lateral 366 antenna 367 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 368 - 380. Aleiodes grassator (Thunberg), ♀, Scotland, Beinn Ghlas 368 fore wing 369 hind wing 370 mesosoma lateral 371 mesosoma dorsal 372 metasoma dorsal 373 fore femur lateral 374 hind femur lateral 375 head anterior 376 head dorsal 377 head lateral 378 base of antenna 379 apex of antenna 380 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 381 - 384. Aleiodes grassator (Thunberg), ♂, Scotland, Isle of Coll 381 habitus lateral 382 base of antenna 383 apex of antenna 384 mummy of? Cerapteryx graminis (Linnaeus).

Figures 385 - 389. Aleiodes hemipterus (Marshall), ♀, Tunisia, Teboursouk 385 habitus lateral 386 antenna 387 apex of antenna 388 base of antenna 389 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 390 - 399. Aleiodes hemipterus (Marshall), ♀, Tunisia, Teboursouk 390 wings 391 mesosoma lateral 392 mesosoma dorsal 393 metasoma dorsal 394 fore femur lateral 395 hind femur lateral 396 head anterior 397 head dorsal 398 head lateral 399 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 400 - 408. Aleiodes hemipterus (Marshall), ♂, Tunisia, Teboursouk 400 habitus lateral 401 fore femur lateral 402 fore wing 403 hind wing 404 mesosoma dorsal 405 metasoma dorsal 406 hind femur lateral 407 head anterior 408 head dorsal.

Figures 409, 410. Aleiodes hirtus (Thomson), ♀, Scotland, Peebles 409 habitus lateral 410 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 411 - 424. Aleiodes hirtus (Thomson), ♀, Scotland, Peebles 411 fore wing 412 hind wing 413 mesosoma lateral 414 mesosoma dorsal 415 metasoma dorsal 416 fore femur lateral 417 hind femur lateral 418 antenna 419 head anterior 420 head dorsal 421 head lateral 422 base of antenna 423 apex of antenna 424 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 425 - 427. Aleiodes hirtus (Thomson), ♂, England, Chippenham Fen 425 habitus lateral 426 head and anterior part of mesosoma lateral 427 propodeum and 1 st - 3 rd metasomal segments lateral.

Figures 428 - 431. Aleiodes improvisus sp. nov., ♀, holotype 428 habitus lateral 429 ovipositor sheath lateral 430 right fore femur lateral 431 right hind femur lateral.

Figures 432 - 444. Aleiodes improvisus sp. nov., ♀, holotype 432 fore wing 433 hind wing 434 mesosoma lateral 435 mesosoma dorsal 436 propodeum and 1 st - 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 437 left fore femur lateral 438 left hind femur lateral 439 head anterior 440 head dorsal 441 head lateral 442 inner hind tarsal claw 443 base of antenna 444 apex of antenna.

Figures 445 - 452. Aleiodes improvisus sp. nov., ♂, paratype, Switzerland (Arolla) 445 habitus lateral 446 fore femur lateral 447 hind femur lateral 448 base of antenna 449 head dorsal 450 4 th- 7 th metasomal tergites dorsal 451 apex of antenna 452 4 th- 7 th metasomal tergites lateral.

Figures 453, 454. Aleiodes krulikowskii (Kokujev), ♀, lectotype 453 habitus lateral 454 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 455 - 466. Aleiodes krulikowskii (Kokujev), ♀, lectotype 455 fore wing 456 hind wing 457 mesosoma lateral 458 mesosoma dorsal 459 metasoma dorsal 460 fore femur lateral 461 hind femur lateral 462 base of antenna 463 head anterior 464 head dorsal 465 head lateral 466 outer middle tarsal claw.

Figures 467, 468. Aleiodes miniatus (Herrich-Schaeffer )), ♀, Russia, Stavropolskij kraj 467 habitus lateral 468 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 469 - 481. Aleiodes miniatus (Herrich-Schaeffer )), ♀, Russia, Stavropolskij kraj 469 fore wing 470 hind wing 471 mesosoma lateral 472 mesosoma dorsal 473 metasoma dorsal 474 fore femur lateral 475 hind femur lateral 476 head anterior 477 head dorsal 478 head lateral 479 base of antenna 480 apex of antenna 481 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 482, 483. Aleiodes morio (Reinhard), ♀, Hungary, Budapest 482 habitus lateral 483 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 484 - 495. Aleiodes morio (Reinhard), ♀, Hungary, Budapest, but 490 of ♂ from Nadap 484 fore wing 485 hind wing 486 mesosoma lateral 487 mesosoma dorsal 488 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 489 fore femur lateral 490 hind femur lateral 491 head anterior 492 head dorsal 493 head lateral 494 outer middle tarsal claw 495 base of antenna.

Figures 497 - 503. Aleiodes morio (Reinhard), ♂, Hungary, Nadap 497 wings 498 apex of metasoma lateral 499 apex of metasoma dorsal 500 base of antenna 501 head anterior 502 head dorsal 503 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 504, 505. Aleiodes nigrifemur sp. nov. ♀, holotype 504 habitus lateral 505 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 506 - 518. Aleiodes nigrifemur sp. nov. ♀, holotype 506 wings 507 mesosoma lateral 508 mesosoma dorsal 509 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 510 fore femur lateral 511 hind femur lateral 512 base of antenna 513 head anterior 514 head dorsal 515 head lateral 516 apex of antenna 517 outer hind tarsal claw 518 antennae.

Figures 519 - 521. Aleiodes nobilis (Haliday), ♀, neotype 519 habitus lateral 520 ovipositor sheath lateral 521 mummy of Autographa gamma Linnaeus (Germany, Lindenhayn).

Figures 522 - 535. Aleiodes nobilis (Haliday), ♀, neotype 522 wings 523 mesosoma lateral 524 mesosoma dorsal 525 1 st- 4 th metasomal tergites dorsal 526 fore femur lateral 527 hind femur lateral 528 hind tibia lateral 529 head anterior 530 head dorsal 531 head lateral 532 base of antenna 533 apex of antenna 534 outer hind tarsal claw 535 outer fore tarsal claw.

Figures 537 - 542. Aleiodes nobilis (Haliday), ♂, Netherlands, Gulpen 537 apex of metasoma dorsal 538 apex of metasoma lateral 539 apex of antenna 540 head anterior 541 head dorsal 542 base of antenna.

Figures 543, 544. Aleiodes pallidicornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 543 habitus lateral 544 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 545 - 557. Aleiodes pallidicornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 545 fore wing 546 hind wing 547 mesosoma lateral 548 mesosoma dorsal 549 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 550 fore femur lateral 551 hind femur lateral 552 head anterior 553 head dorsal 554 head lateral 555 base of antenna 556 apex of antenna 557 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 558, 559. Aleiodes pallidistigmus (Telenga), ♀, Denmark, Kragelund Mose 558 habitus lateral 559 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 560 - 572. Aleiodes pallidistigmus (Telenga), ♀, Denmark, Kragelund Mose 560 fore wing 561 hind wing 562 mesosoma lateral 563 mesosoma dorsal 564 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 565 fore femur lateral 566 hind femur lateral 567 apex of antenna 568 head anterior 569 head dorsal 570 head lateral 571 outer hind tarsal claw 572 base of antenna.

Figures 573 - 576. Aleiodes periscelis (Reinhard), ♀, 573, 574 Russia (holotype R. jaroslawensis Kokujev) and 575, 576 Czech Republic, Pisek 573 head anterior 574, 575 habitus lateral 576 ovipositor sheath lateral. Photographs 573, 574 by K. Samartsev.

Figures 577 - 589. Aleiodes periscelis (Reinhard), ♀, Czech Republic, Pisek 577 fore wing 578 hind wing 579 mesosoma lateral 580 mesosoma dorsal 581 metasoma dorsal 582 fore femur lateral 583 hind femur lateral 584 head anterior 585 head dorsal 586 head lateral 587 base of antenna 588 apex of antenna 589 outer middle tarsal claw.

Figures 591 - 603. Aleiodes periscelis (Reinhard), ♂, Russia, Serpukhov 591 wings 592 mesosoma lateral 593 mesosoma dorsal 594 1 st - 5 th metasomal tergites dorsal 595 fore femur lateral 596 hind femur lateral 597 hind tarsus lateral 598 head anterior 599 head dorsal 600 head lateral 601 base of antenna 602 apex of antenna 603 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 604 - 607. Aleiodes pulchripes Wesmael, ♀, England, Chat Moss 604 habitus lateral 605 mummy of Acronicta psi (Linnaeus) in winter 606 ovipositor sheath lateral, 607 mummy of Acronicta psi (Linnaeus) after emergence of parasitoid.

Figures 608 - 621. Aleiodes pulchripes Wesmael, ♀, England, Chat Moss 608 fore wing 609 hind wing 610 mesosoma lateral 611 mesosoma dorsal 612 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 613 fore femur lateral 614 hind femur lateral 615 hind tarsus lateral 616 head anterior 617 head dorsal 618 head lateral 619 base of antenna 620 apex of antenna 621 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 622 - 626. Aleiodes pulchripes Wesmael, ♂, England (ex Acronicta culture) 622 habitus lateral 623 outer hind claw lateral 624 hind tibial spurs and basitarsus lateral 625 metasoma dorsal 626 4 th- 7 th metasomal tergites lateral.

Figures 627, 628. Aleiodes quadrum (Tobias), ♀, France, Accons 627 habitus lateral 628 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 629 - 641. Aleiodes quadrum (Tobias), ♀, France, Accons 629 wings 630 mesosoma lateral 631 mesosoma dorsal 632 metasoma dorsal 633 fore femur lateral 634 hind femur lateral 635 outer hind tarsal claw 636 head anterior 637 head dorsal 638 head lateral 639 base of antenna 640 apex of antenna 641 antenna.

Figures 643 - 651. Aleiodes quadrum (Tobias), ♂, Bulgaria, Haskovo 643 wings 644 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 645 3 rd- 7 th metasomal tergites lateral 646 id. dorsal 647 basal antennal segments 648 head anterior 649 head dorsal 650 head lateral 651 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 652, 653. Aleiodes ruficeps (Telenga), ♀, Turkey, Konya 652 habitus lateral 653 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 654 - 666. Aleiodes ruficeps (Telenga), ♀, Turkey, Konya 654 fore wing 655 hind wing 656 mesosoma lateral 657 mesosoma dorsal 658 1 st - 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 659 fore femur lateral 660 hind femur lateral 661 head anterior 662 head dorsal 663 head lateral 664 base of antenna 665 apex of antenna 666 inner hind tarsal claw.

Figures 667 - 669. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 667 habitus lateral 668 ovipositor sheath lateral 669 mummy of Hoplodrina blanda (Denis & Schiffermueller).

Figures 670 - 681. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♀, neotype 670 wings 671 mesosoma lateral 672 mesosoma dorsal 673 metasoma dorsal 674 fore femur lateral 675 hind femur lateral 676 head anterior 677 head dorsal 678 head lateral 679 base of antenna 680 apex of antenna 681 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 682 - 685. Aleiodes ruficornis (Herrich-Schaeffer), ♂, U. K. (culture) 682 habitus lateral 683 apex of antenna 684 base of antenna 685 mummy of Hoplodrina octogenaria (Goeze).

Figures 686, 687. Aleiodes rufipes (Thomson), ♀, Sweden, Lillav 686 habitus lateral 687 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 688 - 700. Aleiodes rufipes (Thomson), ♀, Sweden, Lillav 688 fore wing 689 hind wing 690 mesosoma lateral 691 mesosoma dorsal 692 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 693 fore femur lateral 694 hind femur lateral 695 head anterior 696 head dorsal 697 head lateral 698 outer hind tarsal claw 699 base of antenna 700 apex of antenna.

Figures 701 - 703. Aleiodes rugulosus (Nees), ♀, U. K., culture 701 habitus lateral 702 ovipositor sheath lateral 703 mummy of Acronicta rumicis (Linnaeus).

Figures 704 - 716. Aleiodes rugulosus (Nees), ♀, U. K., culture 704 wings 705 mesosoma lateral 706 mesosoma dorsal 707 propodeum and 1 st- 3 rd metasomal tergites dorsal 708 fore femur lateral 709 hind femur lateral 710 antenna 711 head anterior 712 head dorsal 713 head lateral 714 base of antenna 715 apex of antenna 716 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 717, 718. Aleiodes rugulosus (Nees), dark form, ♀, U. K., Meathop Moss 717 habitus lateral 718 mummy of Acronicta menyanthidis (Esper).

Figures 720 - 727. Aleiodes rugulosus (Nees), ♂, Hungary (Halasto) 720 habitus lateral 721 metasoma lateral 722 hind tibial spurs and basitarsus lateral 723 base of antenna 724 metasoma dorsal 725 fore femur lateral 726 head dorsal 727 hind femur lateral.

Figures 728, 729. Aleiodes schewyrewi (Kokujev), ♀, holotype var. zaydamensis (Kokujev) 728 habitus lateral 729 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 730 - 742. Aleiodes schewyrewi (Kokujev), ♀, holotype var. zaydamensis (Kokujev) 730 fore wing 731 hind wing 732 mesosoma lateral 733 mesosoma dorsal 734 metasoma dorsal 735 fore femur lateral 736 hind femur lateral 737 head anterior 738 head dorsal 739 head lateral 740 outer hind tarsal claw 741 base of antenna 742 apex of antenna.

Figures 744 - 757. Aleiodes schirjajewi (Kokujev), ♀, Hungary, Budapest, but 756 ♀, Ukraine 744 fore wing 745 hind wing 746 mesosoma lateral 747 mesosoma dorsal 748 metasoma dorsal 749 fore femur lateral 750 hind femur lateral 751 head anterior 752 head dorsal 753 head lateral 754 base of antenna 755 apex of antenna 756 outer hind tarsal claw 757 antenna.

Figures 758, 759. Aleiodes sibiricus (Kokujev), ♀, lectotype 758 habitus lateral 759 head anterior. Photographs: K. Samartsev.

Figures 760 - 762. Aleiodes sibiricus (Kokujev), ♀, Hungary, Heves, but 762 Germany, Freiburg 760 habitus lateral 761 ovipositor sheath lateral 762 mummy of Noctua comes Huebner.

Figures 763 - 776. Aleiodes sibiricus (Kokujev), ♀, Hungary, Heves 763 fore wing 764 hind wing 765 mesosoma lateral 766 mesosoma dorsal 767 metasoma dorsal 768 fore femur lateral 769 hind femur lateral 770 head anterior 771 head dorsal 772 head lateral 773 base of antenna 774 apex of antenna 775 outer hind tarsal claw 776 antenna.

Figures 777, 778. Aleiodes turcicus sp. nov., ♀, holotype 777 habitus lateral 778 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 779 - 791. Aleiodes turcicus sp. nov., ♀, holotype 779 fore wing 780 hind wing 781 mesosoma lateral 782 mesosoma dorsal 783 metasoma dorsal 784 fore femur lateral 785 hind femur lateral 786 head anterior 787 head dorsal 788 head lateral 789 base of antenna 790 apex of antenna 791 outer hind tarsal claw.

Figures 792 - 794. Aleiodes unipunctator (Thunberg), ♀, England, Fletcher Moss 792 habitus lateral 793 ovipositor sheath lateral 794 mummy of Apamea unanimis Huebner.

Figures 795 - 807. Aleiodes unipunctator (Thunberg), ♀, England, Fletcher Moss 795 wings 796 mesosoma lateral 797 mesosoma dorsal 798 metasoma dorsal 799 fore femur lateral 800 hind femur lateral 801 antenna 802 head anterior 803 head dorsal 804 head lateral 805 base of antenna 806 apex of antenna 807 inner hind tarsal claw lateral.

Figures 808 - 812. Aleiodes unipunctator (Thunberg), ♂, Scotland, Edinburgh, but 808 Sweden, Saeroe-Hamra 808 habitus lateral 809 apex of metasoma dorsal 810 apex of metasoma lateral 811 head dorsal 812 base of antenna.

Figures 813, 814. Aleiodes venustulus (Kokujev), ♀, holotype 813 habitus lateral 814 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 815 - 826. Aleiodes venustulus (Kokujev), ♀, holotype 815 fore wing 816 hind wing 817 mesosoma lateral 818 mesosoma dorsal 819 metasoma dorsal 820 fore femur lateral 821 hind femur lateral 822 head anterior 823 head dorsal 824 head lateral 825 inner hind tarsal claw lateral 826 base of antenna.

Figures 827 - 829. Aleiodes zwakhalsi sp. nov., ♀, holotype 827 habitus lateral 828 detail of fore wing 829 ovipositor sheath lateral.

Figures 830 - 840. Aleiodes zwakhalsi sp. nov., ♀, holotype 830 wings 831 mesosoma lateral 832 mesosoma dorsal 833 metasoma dorsal 834 fore femur lateral 835 hind femur lateral 836 base of antenna 837 head anterior 838 head dorsal 839 head lateral 840 outer hind tarsal claw lateral.