Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887

Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa L., Addink, Wouter & Miller, Jeremy A., 2024, The genera Chrysilla and Phintelloides revisited with the description of a new species (Araneae, Salticidae) using digital specimen DOIs and nanopublications, Biodiversity Data Journal 12, pp. e 129438-e 129438 : e129438-

Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887

World Spider Catalog: urn:lsid:nmbe.ch:spidersp:032753

Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887 - Thorell 1887: 378 (spider catalogue of Roewer 1955 erroneously cites p. 387) (m), type locality: Bhamo, Myanmar; Prószyński 1976: 154, fig. 237 (m); Prószyński 1983 a: 44, figs 4-6 (m); Żabka 1985: 210, figs 81-82 (m) Vietnam (synonymy with Cosmophasis longiventris ); Koh 1989: 103 (m, photo) Singapore; Song and Chai 1991: 14, fig. 2 (m) Hainan; Song et al. 1999: 507, fig. 290 N-O (m) Hainan, Myanmar, Vietnam; Prószyński and Deeleman-Reinhold 2010: figs 36-37 (m); Koh and Ming 2013: 180 (m, photo); Prószyński 2018: fig. 5 G (m); Yamasaki et al. 2018: 27, figs 2-24 (mf) Taiwan; Kanesharatnam and Benjamin 2019: 46 , figs. 19 A-E, 20 A, B (mf) Sri Lanka; Koh and Bay 2019: 216 (m, photo); Peng 2020: 75 fig. 35 a-b (m); Koh et al. 2022: 347 (mf) Singapore.

Cosmophasis longiventris Simon, 1903 - Simon 1903 a: 732 (m) Sri Lanka ( Ceylon), Philippines.

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MMUE G 7572.5441 ; occurrenceRemarks: labeled “ blue and red ”; recordedBy: F. & J. A. Murphy; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: https://doi.org/10.3535/G0G-G7D-N5J; occurrenceID: 52F7782C-1297-59F2-95B3-032DD4842E7A; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysilla lauta ; Location: country: Singapore; locality: Kent Ridge ; verbatimCoordinates: 1 ° 17 ’ N 103 ° 47 ’ E; decimalLatitude: 1.2833333333333; decimalLongitude: 103.78333333333; Event: eventDate: 1986-07 - 06; habitat: garden; Record Level: institutionID: https://ror.org/027m9bs27; institutionCode: MMUE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MMUE G 7572.6430 ; recordNumber: DSC 6285-6591; recordedBy: F. & J. A. Murphy; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: https://doi.org/10.3535/PER-LNE-HEW; occurrenceID: EA93CB0B-5889-5F48-A7F4-8DF6D466C5A9; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysilla lauta ; Location: country: Singapore; locality: Pulau Ubin ; verbatimCoordinates: 1 ° 25 ’ N 103 ° 57 ’ E; decimalLatitude: 1.4166666666667; decimalLongitude: 103.95; Event: eventDate: 1991-01 - 27; habitat: roadside; Record Level: institutionID: https://ror.org/027m9bs27; institutionCode: MMUE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: MMUE G 7572.6440 ; recordNumber: DSC 3727-36; recordedBy: F. & J. A. Murphy; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: https://doi.org/10.3535/HS2-8W8-F23; occurrenceID: 5C4F929A-3E03-5EE2-8D8A-513EBF473EA3; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysilla lauta ; Location: country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Selangor; locality: Banting ; verbatimElevation: 100 m; verbatimCoordinates: 2 ° 48 ’ 04 ” N 101 ° 30 ’ 46 ” E; decimalLatitude: 2.8011111111111; decimalLongitude: 101.51277777778; Event: eventDate: 1982-12 - 17; Record Level: institutionID: https://ror.org/027m9bs27; institutionCode: MMUE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordNumber: CM 19182; recordedBy: F. & J. A. Murphy; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; otherCatalogNumbers: https://doi.org/10.3535/SGZ-EFZ-VRK; occurrenceID: 8DF23168-B93F-546A-AE23-EF2321DE0C54; Taxon: scientificName: Chrysilla lauta ; Location: country: Malaysia; stateProvince: Pahang; locality: Genting ; verbatimCoordinates: 3 ° 24 ’ N 101 ° 46 ’ E; decimalLatitude: 3.4; decimalLongitude: 101.76666666667; Event: eventDate: 1990-12 - 08; Record Level: institutionID: https://ror.org/027m9bs27; institutionCode: MMUE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimen

Description

Male. Total length from Singapore 7.1 mm and 4.2 mm, from Banting 4.3 mm. For differences with C. volupe , see under that species. Colouring of carapace, abdomen and palps see chapter “ coloration in various chrysilline species ”. Carapace with all red areas in live specimens bare and lacking setae and scales, remains of small iridescent particles visible on the anterior transverse bars. Chelicerae slanting, divergent in the large male, parallel in both smaller males (Fig. 3 b ). Legs I longest, dark with white contrasting band apically on tibia, other legs pale, femur I dorsally with some long thin white setae in alcohol, violet in life, leg IV with some dark rings. Abdomen long, thin and shiny and gradually tapering. In all 3 available males, dorsum black and shiny, central band with round iridescent scales uninterrupted all through, at 2 / 3 of the length with a bell-shaped area with small round white iridescent scales; sides with a pair of narrow strips bearing small round green reflecting scales; venter pale brown, a median pale band bordered by a pair of dark bands. Coxae dorsally with white flattened setae. Palps (Fig. 1), tibia and cymbium pale, strongly contrasting with dark femur and patella (blue in life). Proximal part of tegulum with ventral bulge (Fig. 1 a : tb) and a tegular bump (Fig. 1 a : tbu) as in C. volupe . Embolar tegular branch (Fig. 1 a : etb) narrow and elongate, flexible, proximally articulating at basal, hidden part of tegulum (cf. Fig. 1 c : beb), partly running alongside tegulum and projecting distally beyond retrolateral part of tegulum containing the sperm duct loop over distance p (Fig. 1 a : p); embolus filiform, slightly flexed at base, length same as p.

Measurements ( Singapore: Kent Ridge). Body length 7.10. Carapace 2.70 long, 1.80 wide, 1.15 high. Abdomen 4.30 long, 1.20 wide. Leg I 7.70 (2.50 [0.70 wide] – 1.10 – 1.90 – 1.50 – 0.70), leg II 5.20 (1.60 [0.45 wide] – 0.80 – 1.20 – 1.00 – 0.60) leg III 5.00 (1.50 – 0.70 – 1.00 – 1.30 – 0.50) leg IV 6.60 (1.80 – 0.70 – 1.60 – 1.70 – 0.80). Palp 0.9 – 0.5 – 0.5 – 0.7 width cymbium 0.3.

Female (Genting). Colour photos of live females ( Yamasaki et al. 2018: fig. 16, Koh et al. 2022: 347) show parts of carapace covered with white setae and abdomen with pattern of red, white, black and iridescent greenish spots with considerable variation between specimens. In the only female specimen available to us (Fig. 3 c ), iridescent scales as seen on carapace of males are lacking and green colour is lost. Chelicerae with parallel sides, promargin with one distal tooth, retromargin with two distal teeth. Legs all pale. Abdomen with few iridescent scales suggesting a vague dorsal pattern, lateral patch consisting of reddish procumbent hair, posteriorly a pattern of dark areas covered with simple black setae as in males, these are visible in several reversed V- arranged bars on posterior half of abdomen; venter as in males. Epigyne similar to that in Phintelloides jesudasi , except spermathecae not touching and halfway twist in copulatory ducts as in P. jesudasi , absent in C. lauta .

Measurements. Body length 5.0. Carapace 1.90 long, 1.30 wide, 0.95 high. Abdomen 3.00 long, 2.00 wide, 0.80 high. Measurements of legs: I 4.05 [1.40 (0.40 wide] – 0.60 – 1, 00 - 0.65 – 0.40) leg II 3.00 (1.00 [0.30 wide] – 0.50 – 0.70 – 0.50 - 0.30), leg III 3.30 (0.90 – 0.50 – 0.70 – 0.50 – 0.70) leg IV 4.20 (1.20 – 0.50 – 1.00 – 0.90 – 0.60).

Distribution

The species has been cited from Myanmar, Vietnam, Singapore, Thailand, Borneo, Taiwan, China and Sri Lanka (Fig. 6 ). The type locality Bhamo, Myanmar is situated close to the western border of southern Yunnan in a large mountain massive / complex across the Burmese - Chinese border, about 60 km from the Xishuangbanna tropical Botanical garden. This area has been extensively explored for spiders in the first decade of the 21 th century in primary and various kinds of disturbed forest. Unfortunately, no Chrysilla species have been reported from that project.

Ecology

In forests and gardens, usually by beating / sweeping shrub and trees, from lowland up to 600 m.

Notes

The contrasting colouring of the male palps: dark femur and patella, pale tibia and cymbium was already mentioned by Thorell, 1887 in the description of the type specimen from Bhamo in northeastern Myanmar. It is consistently present in the material studied for the present paper.

Figures

Figure 6. Map showing occurrence records for selected species. Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887: blue circle for previously published records, red circle for new records; Phintelloides scandens sp. nov.: black circles.

Figure 3 b. Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887, male prosoma, ventral view, CM 15726

Figure 1 a. Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887, left male pedipalp, ventral view cc cymbium cap ep embolus proper etb embolar tegular branch p distal projection of embolar tegular branch beyond retrolateral lobe of tegulum excluding embolus proper pt proximal lobe of tegulum rt retrolateral lobe of tegulum tbu tegular bump. Scale bar: 0.3 mm

Figure 1 c. Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887, ventral view, CM 15726, scale bar 0.2 mm

Figure 3 c. Chrysilla lauta Thorell, 1887, female habitus, dorsal view, CM 19182