Curtonotum, Macquart, 1844

Klymko, John & Marshall, Stephen A., 2011, Systematics of New World Curtonotum Macquart (Diptera: Curtonotidae) 3079, Zootaxa 3079 (1), pp. 1-110 : 25-26

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.3079.1.1
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F1187DF-6859-FFD5-FF38-FF0AFA1FF8F8
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Curtonotum
status

Treatment

Key to New World species of Curtonotum View in CoL View at ENA

( Curtonotum murinum species complex and C. vulpinum species complex treated as single taxa)

While external characters are used as much as possible in the key, species identification should be confirmed by comparing terminalia with descriptions and figures. This is particularly true for all species that key out after couplet 17.

1. Body ground colour yellow-beige; lower calypter not lobed (as in Figure 114 View FIGURES 110–114 ); male cerci fused ventrally into elongate club ( Figure 17 View FIGURES 17–19 ); female cerci separate (fused basally to tergite 10), with enlarged, stout, slightly recurved setae ( Figures 20 View FIGURES 20–25 , 32 View FIGURES 32–37 , and 34)................................................................................................. 2

- Body ground colour various, if yellow-beige then lower calypter lobed ( Figure 70 View FIGURES 70–72 ); male cerci separate, without ventral elongation; female cerci generally without stout setae, if stout setae present then cerci fused ( Figures 71 View FIGURES 70–72 and 77 View FIGURES 77–81 ).............. 3

2(1). Ctenidial comb absent (ctenidial setae similar to adjacent setulae) ( Figure 27 View FIGURES 26–27 ); parafacial very broad ( Figure 26 View FIGURES 26–27 ); distiphallus not greatly expanded ( Figure 14 and 15 View FIGURES 14–16 ); spermatheca relatively squat, with elongate narrow apex, surface rugose or pockmarked ( Figures 23 and 25 View FIGURES 20–25 )...................................... Curtonotum floridense Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Ctenidial comb present (ctendial setae much stouter than adjacent setulae) ( Figure 39 View FIGURES 38–39 ); parafacial moderately broad ( Figure 38 View FIGURES 38–39 ); distiphallus greatly expanded ( Figures 29 and 31 View FIGURES 28–31 ); spermatheca elongate, without elongate narrow apex, surface smooth, with minute spinules ( Figure 37 View FIGURES 32–37 ).................................................... Curtonotum helvum (Loew) View in CoL

3(1). Body pale white-grey microtomentose; lower calypter lobed ( Figure 70 View FIGURES 70–72 ); female cerci fused to one another and to tergite 10, with enlarged stout setae ( Figure 71 View FIGURES 70–72 )........................................ Curtonotum murinum View in CoL species complex

- Body variously coloured, but not as above; lower calypter without lobe ( Figure 114 View FIGURES 110–114 ); female cerci separate or fused, without enlarged stout setae....................................................................................4

4(3). Scutal setulae without microtomentose insertion haloes ( Figures 12 and 13 View FIGURES 12–13 ); notopleuron without setulae ( Figure 13 View FIGURES 12–13 )...... 5

- Scutal setulae insertion points haloed by dark microtomentum ( Figures 7–11 View FIGURES 6–7 View FIGURES 8–9 View FIGURES 10–11 ); notopleuron with or without setulae........7 [Greasy specimens of C. bivittatum View in CoL , C. bathmedum View in CoL , C. nigrum View in CoL , C. adusticrus View in CoL , and some C. papillatum View in CoL and C. atlanticum View in CoL could key out here. Curtonotum bivittatum View in CoL and C. bathmedum View in CoL can be distinguished by their unique wing patterning and bold thoracic markings [see Figures 7 View FIGURES 6–7 , 206, 207 View FIGURES 203–209 , and 208]. The other four species listed are all dark brown to black in ground colour. Examination of male terminalia [with comparison to the Figures provided] is recommended for darkly pigmented, greasy specimens that lack notopleural setae. Unassociated females that are darkly pigmented, greasy, and without notopleural setae may be unidentifiable.]

5(4). Frons with lateral microtomentose vittae extending ventral of proclinate seta (as in Figure 61 View FIGURES 58–61 )........................ 6

- Frons with lateral microtomentose vittae ending dorsal to proclinate seta............ Curtonotum vulpinum View in CoL species complex

6(5). Costa with conspicuous spines, wing marking sharply delineated ( Figure 211 View FIGURES 210–218 )........... Curtonotum impunctatum Hendel View in CoL

- Costa with very small inconspicuous spines, marginal wing marking diffuse ( Figure 212 View FIGURES 210–218 )........................................................................................ Curtonotum curtispinum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

7(4). Frons bright yellow with two prominent brown vittae; scutum yellow with 4 prominent brown vittae; pleuron yellow with brown vitta along dorsal margin ( Figure 7 View FIGURES 6–7 ).................................................................. 8

- Body and wing colouration variable, but not as above......................................................... 9

8(7). Infuscation around M 1 proximal to crossvein dm-cu extending 0.24–0.45 the distance from dm-cu to r-m ( Figures 206 and 207 View FIGURES 203–209 ); distiphallus with prominent keel on left side of basal third, with stout spines on left side of apical two-thirds, bilobed apically ( Figure 45 View FIGURES 43–45 ); translucent head of ventral receptacle bulbous ( Figure 50 View FIGURES 46–50 )..................................................................................................... Curtonotum bivittatum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Infuscation around M 1 proximal to crossvein dm-cu extending 0.10–0.26 the distance from dm-cu to r-m ( Figure 208 View FIGURES 203–209 ); distiphallus without basal keel, broad apically, with slender spines covering dorsal surface ( Figures 51 and 53 View FIGURES 51–57 ); translucent head of ventral receptacle low and hemispherical ( Figure 57 View FIGURES 51–57 ).............................. Curtonotum bathmedum Hendel View in CoL

9(7). Wing darkly infuscated, with scattered clear windows ( Figure 210 View FIGURES 210–218 )..................... Curtonotum trypetipenne Hendel View in CoL

- Wing variously patterned, but without scattered clear windows................................................. 10

10(9) Ground colour of head, thorax and abdomen uniformly yellow-orange; frons with broad frosted vitta extending from anterior ocellus to base of antennae ( Figure 126 View FIGURES 126–130 ); wing with darkly infuscated apex ( Figure 215 View FIGURES 210–218 )............................ 11

- Ground colour of head, thorax and abdomen mostly light to dark brown (some areas of the head, such as the parafacial, and the thorax, such as the postpronotal lobe, may be paler and more yellowish than the general ground colour in some specimens); frons without broad medial microtomentose vitta; wing variously patterned....................................... 13

11(10) Setae at posteroventral corner of katepisternum and medially on mid coxa yellow (occasionally with one dark setae medially on mid coxa); male sternite 5 broad ( Figure 125 View FIGURES 122–125 ); phallus very stout ( Figure 122 View FIGURES 122–125 ); spermatheca with scattered minute broadbased spines ( Figure 130 View FIGURES 126–130 ); ventral receptacle neck elongate, bent midway between base and broad head ( Figure 127 View FIGURES 126–130 ).................................................................... Curtonotum flavisetum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- One or two setae at posteroventral corner of katepisternum black ( Figure 147 View FIGURES 143–147 ); at least one (usually several) medial setae on mid coxa black ( Figure 147 View FIGURES 143–147 ); male sternite 5 narrow ( Figure 141 View FIGURES 138–142 ); phallus elongate ( Figures 131 View FIGURES 131–137 and 138 View FIGURES 138–142 ); ventral receptacle neck squat, bent at base of broad apex ( Figures 136 View FIGURES 131–137 and 146 View FIGURES 143–147 ).................................................. 12

12(11) Base of distiphallus with pebbled texture, ventral lobe of distiphallus elongate, with narrow bent apex ( Figures 131 and 133 View FIGURES 131–137 ); spermatheca papillose to papillose/rugose, papillae broad-tipped bumps ( Figure 137 View FIGURES 131–137 )........ Curtonotum taeniatum Hendel View in CoL

- Ventral lobe of distiphallus stouter, without slender bent apex, base of distiphallus without pebbled texture ( Figures 138 and 140 View FIGURES 138–142 ); spermatheca papillose, papillae varying from minute broad-based spines ( Figure 145 View FIGURES 143–147 ) to larger broad-tipped bumps............................................................................... Curtonotum tumidum Enderlein View in CoL [Some female specimens of these two species are indistinguishable, see C. taeniatum View in CoL comments section]

13(10) Wing with distinct non-infuscated window at apex of r 4+5 ( Figure 209 View FIGURES 203–209 ); scutellum with 3 pairs of strong marginal setae ( Figure 73 View FIGURES 73–76 )............................................................................ Curtonotum apicale Hendel View in CoL

- Wing variously patterned, but without non-infuscated window at apex of r 3+4; scutellum with 2 pairs of strong marginal setae. ................................................................................................... 14

14(13) Infuscation in wing cells r 1 and r 2+3 limited to apex, proximal margin of infuscation extending at most just proximal of level of dm-cu ( Figures 216 and 217 View FIGURES 210–218 ); palpus dark brown........................................................... 15

- Wing with extensive infuscation in r 1 and r 2+3, this extending from apex to well proximal of level of dm-cu (often to R 1) ( Figures 213, 214 View FIGURES 210–218 , and 218); palpus variously coloured..........................................................17

15(14) Wing apex infuscate (often faintly so), darkest around R 2+3; proximal margin of infuscation distal to level of dm-cu, straight, extending to posterior margin ( Figure 216 View FIGURES 210–218 ).................................... Curtonotum hendelianum (Enderlein) View in CoL

- Dark infuscation in r 1 and r 2+3 extending to (or just proximal to) level of dm-cu, paler infuscation on posterior half of r 3+4 and r 2+3 diffuse, not forming straight proximal margin ( Figure 217 View FIGURES 210–218 ).................................................... 16

16(15) Hind femur with distinct concavity on proximal half of ventral margin ( Figure 162 View FIGURES 155–162 )............................................................................................... Curtonotum scambum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Hind femur with straight ventral margin............................... Curtonotum gracile Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

17(14) Palpus, prementum, face and frons pale brown; fringe of setulae present posterior and ventral to posterior thoracic spiracle ( Figure 109 View FIGURES 106–109 ); katepisternum with single lateral seta.................... Curtonotum brunneum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Never with above combination of characters............................................................... 18

18(17) Gena very short (eye height to genal height ratio more than 16); with fringe of setulae posterior and ventral to posterior thoracic spiracle (as in Figure 109 View FIGURES 106–109 )............................................... Curtonotum pantherinum (Walker) View in CoL

- Gena short to tall (eye height to genal height ratio less than 16); without fringe of setulae posterior and ventral to posterior thoracic spiracle........................................................................................ 19

19(18) Wing dark grey infuscate throughout, darker in r 1 and anterior half of r 2+3 ( Figure 205 View FIGURES 203–209 ); abdomen black, lightly microtomentose, subshiny, devoid of maculae and vittae........................... Curtonotum nigrum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Wing with greater contrast between r 1 and anterior half of r 2+3 and the rest of the wing; abdomen heavily microtomentose, dull, variously patterned, always with medial vitta on tergites 3–5.................................................. 20

20(19) Palpus with orange-yellow ground colour; frons orange-yellow, with 2 lateral and usually 1 medial brown vittae ( Figure 190 View FIGURES 187–190 ) (lateral vittae often much darker and somewhat expanded ventrally, all vitta sometimes inconspicuous in C. papillatum View in CoL )... 21

- Palpus dark brown to nearly black; frons variously patterned, frons not as above (except in C. punctithorax View in CoL )............. 23

21(20) Distiphallus with elongate, slender, straight base ( Figures 187 and 189 View FIGURES 187–190 ); ventral receptacle with bulbous head and relatively long neck ( Figure 193 View FIGURES 191–194 ); spermatheca densely papillose, without rugae ( Figure 194 View FIGURES 191–194 ).............................................................................................. Curtonotum papillatum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Distiphallus bowing dorsally in lateral profile and to right in dorsal profile ( Figures 173, 175 View FIGURES 173–179 , 181 View FIGURES 180–186 , and 182); spermatheca rugose, rugae often with small protuberances; if ventral receptacle with bulbous head then neck shorter ( Figure 186 View FIGURES 180–186 )......22

22(21) Base of distiphallus broad and dorsoventrally flattened basally ( Figures 173 and 175 View FIGURES 173–179 ); ventral receptacle with hemispherical head ( Figure 179 View FIGURES 173–179 )............................................. C urtonotum atlanticum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Base of distiphallus relatively narrow, not dorsoventrally flattened ( Figures 181 and 182 View FIGURES 180–186 ); ventral receptacle with bulbous head ( Figure 186 View FIGURES 180–186 )................................................... Curtonotum hunkingi Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

23(20) Frons orange-yellow, with 2 lateral and usually 1 medial brown vittae (as in Figure 190 View FIGURES 187–190 ) (lateral vittae often much darker and somewhat expanded ventrally)................................................. Curtonotum punctithorax Fischer View in CoL

- Frons dark brown with pale medial vitta or orange-brown with subtle pale medial vitta.............................. 24

24(23) Gena very tall (eye height to gena height ratio 4.5–6.3) ( Figure 61 View FIGURES 58–61 ); parafacial very broad ( Figure 61 View FIGURES 58–61 ); face very dark brown; frons dark brown, paler medially and often laterally ( Figure 61 View FIGURES 58–61 ).......................... Curtonotum magnum Malloch View in CoL

- Gena shorter (eye height to gena height ratio 10.0 or greater); parafacial narrower; face and frons various............... 25

25(24) Gena distinctly higher posteriorly; parafacial very narrow ventrally; face very dark brown (nearly black) ( Figure 69 View FIGURES 66–69 ); frons dark brown, with conspicuous pale medial vitta ( Figure 69 View FIGURES 66–69 )............ Curtonotum adusticrus Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Gena not higher posteriorly; parafacial moderately broad ventrally; face medium to dark brown (not approaching black); frons orange-brown, with subtle pale medial vitta................................................................ 26

26(25) Vibrissa not differentiated from subvibrissal setae; basiphallus extremely elongate ( Figure 163 View FIGURES 163–169 ); distiphallus with elongate slender base ( Figures 163 and 164 View FIGURES 163–169 )................................... Curtonotum gracile Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.

- Vibrissa slightly longer than adjacent subvibrissals; femora and tibia with brown-yellow ground colour, apices of mid and hind femora dark brown; basiphallus much shorter ( Figure 170 View FIGURES 170–172 ); distiphallus with stouter base ( Figures 170 and 172 View FIGURES 170–172 )..................................................................... .. Curtonotum desperatum Klymko & Marshall View in CoL , sp. n.