Glyptapanteles paulhansoni Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles paulhansoni Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 180 , 181

Female.

Body length 2.17 mm, antenna length 2.97 mm, fore wing length 2.47 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 05-SRNP-34533, DHJPAR0004769; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla , Pasmompa ; rain forest; 440 m; 11.01926, -85.40997; 25.x.2005; Calixto Moraga leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; single row of brown coordwod cocoons lined up at right angles to the twig at the end, with the caterpillar on the twig defending, cocoons formed on 02.xi.2005 and adhered to the larval cuticle; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.xi.2005; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 13 (3♀, 0 ♂) (10♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-34533, DHJPAR0004769; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla , Pasmompa : • 12 (4♀, 3♂) (5♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-34905, DHJPAR0004779; rain forest; 440 m; 11.01926, -85.40997; 21.xi.2005; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown cocoons adhered on end to the midrib at strong angle, adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 20.xi.2005; adult parasitoids emerged on 30.xi.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Montecele: • 9 (4♀, 1♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-30507, DHJPAR0038960; rain forest; 680 m; 10.97337, -85.42088; 16.ii.2010; Manuel Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar and still alive taking care of cocoons; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.ii.2010.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Colocho: • 17 (3♀, 1♂), (12♀, 1♂); 11-SRNP-31305, DHJPAR0042953; rain forest; 375 m; 11.02367, -85.41884; 07.v.2011; Calixto Moraga leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and formed on 14.v.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 22.v.2011.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Brasilia, Piedrona: • 40 (4♀, 3♂) (22♀, 11♂); 07-SRNP-65627, DHJPAR0020470; rain forest; 340 m; 11.01618, -85.35902; 18.ix.2007; Duvalier Briceño leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 20.ix.2007; adult parasitoids emerged on 27.ix.2007.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Brasilia, Brumas: • 12 (3♀, 2♂) (7♀, 0 ♂); 11-SRNP-65650, DHJPAR0045135; rain forest; 360 m; 11.01825, -85.37199; 10.vii.2011; Minor Carmona leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons in host cocoon and formed on 18.vii.2011; adult parasitoids emerged on 25.vii.2011.

Diagnosis.

Medioanterior pit of metanotum circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina ( Figs 180G , 181C ), anteroventral contour of mesopleuron convex ( Figs 180A, E , 181A, B ), petiole on T1 distally with lateral margins relatively straight ( Figs 180H, J , 181E ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina, propodeal spiracle without distal carina ( Figs 180G , 181C ), nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae ( Figs 180G , 181C ), antenna longer than body, fore wing with 2RS vein straight, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 180I , 181F ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition ( Figs 180H, J , 181E ).

Coloration

( Fig. 180 A–J ). General body coloration satin black except scape and pedicel yellow-brown; all antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (light brown) than ventrally (dark brown); labrum, mandibles and tegulae yellow-brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps ivory/pale yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow-brown except light brown coxae and claws brown; hind legs yellow-brown except brown coxae, femora distally brown, tibia 1/3 distal and tarsomeres brown, although proximally basitarsus with a small yellow band. Petiole on T1 dark brown and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median and adjacent areas yellow-brown, both forming a rectangle-shaped area, and lateral ends yellow; T3 almost completely brown, proximally dark area coincides with width of dark median plus adjacent areas on T2, but distally dark area covering all the width of T3, thus only proximal half of lateral ends yellow, and distally T3 with an ivory/pale yellow band; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with an ivory/pale yellow transparent band. In lateral view, T1-2 yellow; T3 yellow with a small brown area on distal corner; T4 and beyond brown. S1-3 yellow; S4 yellow, but medially brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 180 A–D ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.20:0.06, 0.21:0.06, 0.19:0.06), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.12:0.04, 0.10:0.04), antenna longer than body (2.97, 2.17); antennal scrobes-frons sloped and forming a shelf. Face convex, punctate-lacunose, interspaces wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate-lacunose and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL short than OOL (0.09, 0.12). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 180A, E, G ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with quite a little, complete and parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and depressed centrally. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick, smooth and with lateral ends rounded; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half slightly rugose; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with a mix of rugae and fine punctation, dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep with transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge convex, teardrop-shaped.

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire without seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.07). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface, dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.25, 0.16), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.11).

Wings ( Fig. 180I ). Fore wing with r vein curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with microtrichiae virtually throughout; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a present as spectral vein, sometimes difficult to see; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe very narrow, subdistally and subproximally straightened, and setae evenly scattered in the margin.

Metasoma ( Fig. 180A, F, H, J ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.35, maximum width 0.16, minimum width 0.10), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 distally losing definition (length median area 0.10, length T2 0.14), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.10, maximum width 0.27, minimum width 0.08); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.18, 0.14) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. Beige or light brown oval cocoons with silk fibers messy/disordered/fluffy. Single row of coordwod cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate, to the larval cuticle or in host cocoon.

Comments.

In some females (e.g., 11-SRNP-6560), the petiole with three colors: proximally yellow, medially reddish/yellow-brown and distally brown, and contours of the whole petiole darkened.

Male

( Fig. 181 A–G ). As is the case with some females, the coloration on the petiole varies in some males too (e.g., 11-SRNP-6560, 05-SRNP-34905). Thus, the petiole has three colors: proximally yellow, medially reddish/yellow-brown and distally brown, all surrounded by brown and contours of petiole darkened. In other males, the petiole has two colors: proximal 3/4 are reddish/yellow-brown and distal 1/4 is brown; and the lateral ends of the metanotum are lighter than remaining area.

Etymology.

Paul E. Hanson is interested in systematics and host associations in parasitoids. He works at the Universidad de Costa Rica San Pedro, San José, Costa Rica.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Brasilia (Brumas and Piedrona) and Sector Pitilla (Colocho, Pasmompa , and Sendero Montecele), during October–November 2005, September 2007, February 2010, and May and July 2011 at 340 m, 440 m, and 680 m in rain forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Yidalpta auragalis Guenée ( Noctuidae : Catocalinae) feeding on Securidaca sylvestris and S. diversifolia ( Polygalaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in fourth and fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 180. Glyptapanteles paulhansoni sp. nov. female 10 - SRNP- 30507 DHJPAR 0038960 A Habitus B, D Head B Frontal view D Dorsal view C Head, pronotum, propleuron, lateral view E Mesosoma, lateral view F, H Metasoma F Lateral view H Dorsal view G Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view I Fore and hind wings J T 1 - 3, dorsal view.

Figure 181. Glyptapanteles paulhansoni sp. nov. male 10 - SRNP- 30507 DHJPAR 0038960 A Habitus B Mesosoma, lateral view C Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D, E Metasoma D Lateral view E Dorsal view F, G Wings F Fore G Hind.