Catananche L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1976, Flora Europaea. Volume 4. Plantaginaceae to Compositae (and Rubiaceae), Cambridge University Press : 305

147. Catananche L. 1

Annual or perennial herbs. Stems solitary or few. Leaves entire or remotely dentate, mostly basal. Capitula 1-5, mostly long-pedunculate. Involucral bracts in several rows, scarious except for darker mid-vein. Receptacle flat, with long, filiform scales. Ligules blue or yellow. Achenes oblong, obscurely 5-angled, 5- to 10-ribbed; pappus of 1 row of 5-7 ovate, long-aristate scales.

Involucral bracts all ovate, abruptly and acutely cuspidate; ligules blue 1. caerulea

Involucral bracts of 2 kinds, the outer ovate, abruptly acute at apex, the inner narrower and long-attenuate at apex; ligules yellow 2. lutea 1***S.