Ixodes uriae White, 1852

Fedorov, Denis & Hornok, Sándor, 2024, Checklist of hosts, illustrated geographical range, and ecology of tick species from the genus Ixodes (Acari, Ixodidae) in Russia and other post-Soviet countries, ZooKeys 1201, pp. 255-343 : 255-343

Ixodes uriae White, 1852

Ixodes uriae White, 1852: 208 .

Ixodes jacksoni Hoogstraal, 1967: 37.

Ixodes fimbriatus Kramer & Neumann, 1883: 527; Neumann 1911: 29.

Ixodes borealis Kramer & Neumann, 1883: 526; Neumann 1911: 29.

Ixodes hirsutus Birula, 1895: 353; Arthur 1963: 152.

Ixodes putus (Pickard-Cambridge, 1876): 260; Neumann 1899: 125; Schulze 1938: 12.

Ixodes putus procellariae Schulze, 1930: 123; Zumpt 1952: 12.

Recorded hosts.

Aves: auks - birds of the family Alcidae , namely: Alca torda Linnaeus (razorbill), Cepphus grylle Linnaeus (black guillemot), Fratercula arctica Linnaeus (common puffin), Uria aalge (Pontoppidan) (common guillemot), Uria lomvia Linnaeus (Brünnich’s guillemot) ( Filippova 1977).

Occasional hosts include Fratercula cirrhata (Pallas) (tufted puffin) and also various species of gulls and kittiwakes ( Laridae ): Rissa brevirostris (Bruch) (red-legged kittiwake), R. tridactyla (Linnaeus) (black-legged kittiwake) ( Karpovich 1970; Dietrich et al. 2012), as well as fulmars ( Procellariidae ) – Fulmarus glacialis Linnaeus (northern fulmar) and cormorants ( Phalacrocoracidae ) – Phalacrocorax capillatus (Temminck and Schlegel) (Japanese cormorant), Urile pelagicus (Pallas) (pelagic cormorant), Urile urile (Gmelin) (red-faced cormorant) ( Lvov et al. 1972 b, 1975; Filippova 1977; Dietrich et al. 2012; Duron et al. 2014). A single atypical case of parasitism on Motacilla alba Linnaeus (white wagtail) ( Motacillidae ) was also reported ( Karpovich 1970).

Recorded locations

(Fig. 1 ). Murmansk seacoast ( Russia): islands and seashores of the White Sea and also the Barents Sea ( Karpovich 1971), namely: the Kuvshin Island and Kharlov Island ( Karpovich 1970), Podpakhta Bay ( Bekleshova et al. 1970), Dvorovaya Bay ( Flint and Kostryko 1967), Seven Islands Reserve ( Belopolskaya 1952; Karpovich 1973). The Far East ( Russia): Mosolova Bay (the northern coast of the Strait of Tartary) ( Savitskaya 1975), Bering Island ( Lvov et al. 1975; Dietrich et al. 2012), Ptichy Island and Starichkov Island ( Dietrich et al. 2012), Iony Island ( Lvov et al. 1975), Kuril Islands ( Lvov et al. 1975; Dietrich et al. 2012), Tyuleniy Island ( Karpovich 1971; Lvov et al. 1972 a; Filippova 1977), Sakhalin ( Lvov et al. 1972 a), Commander Islands ( Dietrich et al. 2012).

Ecology and other information.

Ixodes uriae is the only representative of the subgenus Ceratixodes in the tick fauna of Russia and the northern hemisphere in general. As a nidicolous parasite of seabirds living in colonies, it is a species with a circumpolar distribution, occurring on oceanic coasts and islands of both the northern and southern hemispheres, from the polar regions to the subtropical zone ( Wilson 1967; Filippova 1977).

In the northern hemisphere, this tick species is strongly associated with seabirds of the family Alcidae . The high degree of nest conservativity of these birds contributes to supporting a considerable number of ticks in bird colonies, which use the same places for many years ( Karpovich 1971). The occasional hosts of I. uriae usually become involved in its life cycle in mixed bird colonies, where nests of typical and atypical hosts are located very close to each other ( Violovich 1962 b). In absence of auks, it may also use, for example, cormorants as exclusive hosts, as reported on the Kuril Islands ( Lvov et al. 1975; Dietrich et al. 2012). In the southern hemisphere it was noted that penguins ( Spheniscidae ) are more typical hosts; this can be explained by similarities in the habits of these birds to those of puffins and guillemots.

There were noted rare records of adults from Carnivora : Mustelidae , and nymphs from Rodentia : Muridae ( Eley 1977; Jaenson and Jensen 2007; Baggs et al. 2011; Guglielmone et al. 2020) and even humans ( Karpovich 1971; Keirans and Lacombe 1998; Martyn 1998; Smith et al. 2006; Jaenson and Jensen 2007).

Figures

Figure 1. Map of Russia and neighboring countries showing the locations where Ixodes uriae was reported.