Agnocoris rubicundus (Fallen, 1807)

Dzhelali, Polina A. & Namyatova, Anna A., 2025, Integrative taxonomy reveals mitochondrial introgression and Pleistocene diversification in Palearctic Agnocoris species (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae), Zootaxa 5706 (4), pp. 501-529 : 513-515

Agnocoris rubicundus (Fallen, 1807)

Figs 1B ; 2A–D ; 3F–J, M ; 4E–H ; 5A,C ; 6F–J .

Lygaeus rubicundus Fallen 1807: 84 (original description).

Agnocoris rubicundus Moore 1956: 37 (new combination).

Slater 1950: 29 (description, key to species); Wagner & Slater 1952: 276 (description); Kelton 1955: 532 (description, key to species); Moore 1955: 180 (description, key to species); Carvalho 1959: 24 (catalogue); Kerzhner & Jaczewski 1964: 723 (description, key to species); Wagner & Weber 1964: 219 (description, key to species); Wagner 1974: 428 (description, key to species); Schuh 1995: 697 (catalogue); Vinokurov & Kanyukova 1995: 93 (key to species); Vinokurov 1979: 96 (key to species); Kerzhner & Josifov 1999: 59 (catalogue); Vinokurov et al. 2010: 77 (catalogue); Wolski & Skora 2012: 6–11 (description, key to species); Lock 2018: 146–148 (description); Vinokurov et al. 2024: 244 (catalogue).

For more references and synonyms, see Carvalho (1959); Kerzhner & Josifov (1999); Schuh (1995), Vinokurov (2010), Wolski & Skora (2012), Vinokurov et al. (2024).

Diagnosis. Body length in male 4.6–5.5, in female 4.9–5.5 ( Fig. 2 ); vertex width / eye diameter in dorsal view ratio 1.15–1.20 in male and 1.4–1.55 in female; antennal segment II / head width ratio 0.9–1 in male and 0.84–0.98 in female ( Table 1); in dorsal view, apical process gradually tapering towards apex; left paramere with apical process twice as long as sensory lobe width, sensory lobe ca. 2.4× as long as wide; in posterior view, spike on the apical part of apical process moved towards posterior margin; in left view, right paramere ca. 3× as long as wide; its body ca. 1.5× as wide as apical process, apical process triangular, forming 70° angle with paramere body ( Fig. 3F–J ); spicule in vesica straight, as wide as ductus seminis, surpassing secondary gonopore at distance subequal to third of spicule length; posterior sclerite only slightly surpassing secondary gonopore, with spines covered only half of its posterior side; secondary gonopore subequal to half of spicule length; plate-like sclerite above secondary gonopore distinctly sclerotized ( Fig. 4E–H ); distance between sclerotized rings on dorsal labiate plate subequal to half of ring width; sclerotized ring height / length ratio 0.7; sclerite under sclerotized ring oval, its length subequal to half of sclerotized ring width; ( Fig. 5A, C ), posterior wall of bursa copulatrix with interramal lobes entirely covered with lateral lobe.

Distribution. Agnocoris rubicundus is distributed from Western Europe to East Asia. It inhabits polar regions at least in Europe, in the south its distribution spans to North Africa ( Morocco), Near East ( Iran), Central Asia and Mongolia. In East Asia, A. rubicundus is known from the Russian Far East, but it was not recorded from Kuril Islands. It was also recorded from the northern regions of China and Japan ( Kerzhner 1988; Linnavuori 1992; Kerzhner & Josifov 1999; Linnavuori 2009; Gorczyca & Wolski 2011; Kment & Banar 2012; Kondorosy 2011; Wolski & Skora 2012; Shamsi et al. 2014; Lock 2018; Zamani & Hosseini 2020; Vinokurov et al. 2024). Here we record this species for Iran for the first time. Agnocoris rubicundus is also known from the USA and Canada (Knight 1917, Moore 1956, Wheeler & Henry 1992, Scudder 1997, Hebert et al. 2016, Sikes et al. 2017, Dewaard et al. 2019).

Material examined (see details in the Material examined Data SI2): Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Canada, Estonia, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Iran, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Lithuania, Moldova, Mongolia, Morocco, Poland, Russian Federation (Central, North and South European regions, West Siberia , East Siberia, Far East), Serbia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Maps of localities.A. A. reclairei. B. A. rubicundus. The pink circles correspond to the localities where the species were collected confirmed in this study.

FIGURE 2. Habitus of the specimens of A. rubicundus and A. reclairei demonstrating different coloration. A–D. Habitus of A. rubicundus. Males, ZISP_ENT 00015034 and ZISP_ENT 00015047, and females, ZISP_ENT 00015043 and ZISP_ENT 00015058. E–H. Habitus of A. reclairei. Males, ZISP_ENT 00015628 and ZISP_ENT 00015639, and females, ZISP_ENT 00014928 and ZISP_ENT 00015638.

FIGURE 3. A. reclairei. ZISP_ENT 00015620. A. Right paramere dorsal view. ZISP_ENT 00015612. B. Right paramere left view. C. Left paramere dorsal view. D. Right paramere posterior view. E. Left paramere posterior view. K. Genital capsule, dorsal view. L. Theca, dorsal view. A. rubicundus. ZISP_ENT 00014581. F. Right paramere dorsal view. G. Right paramere left view. H. Left paramere dorsal view. I. Right paramere posterior view. J. Left paramere posterior view.

FIGURE 4. Vesica. A. reclairei. ZISP_ENT 00015625. A. Dorsal view. B. Left side view. C. Right side view. D. Ventral view. A. rubicundus. ZISP_ENT 00014581 E. Dorsal view. F. Left side view. G. Right side view. H. Ventral view.

FIGURE 5. Dorsal labiate plate. A. A. rubicundus. ZISP_ENT 00016082. B. A. reclairei ZISP_ENT 00015630. Posterior wall of bursa copulatrix. C. A. rubicundus. ZISP_ENT 00016082. D. A. reclairei ZISP_ENT 00015630.

FIGURE 6. Scanning electron micrographs of Agnocoris species. A. A. reclairei. ZISP_ENT 00015639. Head, anterior view. B. A. reclairei ZISP_ENT 00015639. Scutellum, clavus, and corium, dorsal view. C. A. reclairei ZISP_ENT 00018563. Antenna. D. A. reclairei ZISP_ENT 00018564. Labium. E. A. reclairei ZISP_ENT 00018564. Pleura. F. A. rubicundus ZISP_ ENT 00014699. Cuneus and membrane, dorsal view. G. A. reclairei ZISP_ENT 00015639. Head, pronotum, dorsal view. H. A. rubicundus ZISP_ENT 00014961. Hind tarsus. I. Pretarsus. Ventral view. J. A. rubicundus ZISP_ENT 00014962. Head and pronotum, lateral view.