Osmia (Tergosmia) tergestensis Ducke, 1897

Müller, Andreas, 2020, Palaearctic Osmia bees of the subgenera Hemiosmia, Tergosmia and Erythrosmia (Megachilidae, Osmiini): biology, taxonomy and key to species, Zootaxa 4778 (2), pp. 201-236 : 222-223

Osmia (Tergosmia) tergestensis Ducke, 1897

Osmia tergestensis Ducke, 1897: 41 . Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Zanden (1983), “Triest” ( Italy), Museum für Naturkunde Berlin. Type species of Tergosmia Warncke.

Osmia ononidis Ferton, 1897: 44 . Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1979), “Massenenie” ( France), Mu- séum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Combination Osmia (Tergosmia) tergestensis ononidis Ferton in Warncke (1988) . New synonymy.

Osmia Rondoui Pérez, 1902: 66 . Type material: Lectotype ♀, by designation of Tkalců (1979), “Gèdre” ( France), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Warncke (1988).

Osmia wolhynica Noskiewicz, 1922: 9 . Type material: Syntypes ♂, “Lösstal bei Krasny Staw in der Nähe von Lublin ” ( Poland), type depository unknown. Synonymy in Warncke (1988).

Osmia atlantica Benoist, 1934: 107 . Type material: Holotype ♀, “Asni” ( Morocco), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris. Synonymy in Zanden (1985).

Anthocopa tergestensis remota Tkalců, 1979: 320 . Type material: Holotype ♀, “O-Türkei” ( Turkey), Atatürk Universitesi, Fac- ulty of Agriculture, Entomology Museum, Erzurum. Synonymy in Warncke (1988).

Literature records. AUSTRIA: Burgenland, Carinthia, Lower Austria, Vienna? ( Gusenleitner et al. 2012; Zettel et al. 2015). BULGARIA: Blagoewgrad (Sandanski) ( Tkalců 1979). CROATIA: Međimurje (Sveta Jelena) ( Józan 2009). CZECH REPUBLIC: Jihomoravský kraj (Brno, Devin, Hady, Klobouky, Palava, Pouzdrany) ( Tkalců 1979; Bogusch et al. 2007; P. Bogusch, personal communication). FRANCE: Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Alpes- Maritimes, Aude, Essone, Hautes-Alpes, Hautes-Pyrénées, Nord, Vienne ( Benoist 1931; Zanden 1983). GEORGIA: Mtskheta-Mtianeti (Džvari) ( Ebmer 1997). GREECE: Thessaly (Platania) ( Standfuss et al. 2003). HUNGARY: Transdanubian Hills, Transdanubian Mountains, West Hungary ( Józan 2011). ITALY: Abruzzi, Aosta, Calabria, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Piemonte ( Zanden 1983, 1997; Pagliano 1994). KAZAKHSTAN: Almaty (Alma Ata) ( Ebmer 1997). POLAND: southeastern Poland ( Banaszak 2000; Bogdanowicz et al. 2004). PORTUGAL: Braga (Fafe) ( Baldock et al. 2018). SPAIN: Almería (Velez Rubio) ( Zanden 1983) . SLOVAKIA: Košický kraj (Turna nad Bodvou) ( Tkalců 1979; Bogusch et al. 2007). SLOVENIA: Gorenjska (Bohinj), Obalno-kraška (Komen) ( Gogala 1999). SWITZERLAND: Ticino, Valais ( Amiet et al. 2004). TURKEY: Ankara (Ankara), Erzurum (Erzurum, Merkez, Palandöken), Konya (Madensehir, Sille), Mersin (Tarsus), Van (Güzeldere pass) ( Tkalců 1979; Warncke 1988; Özbek & Zanden 1992; Özbek 2013). UKRAINE: Crimea ( Zanden 1983; Fateryga et al. 2018).

New records. BULGARIA: Blagoevgrad: Kresno , 12.5.1979, 1♀ (leg. M. Kocourek) ; Burgas: SE Neseber, 28.6.1982, 1♂ (leg. M. Kocourek) ; Haskovo: 30 km SW Svilengrad , 41°43ʹN / 26°02ʹE, 500 m, 21.6.2008, 4♀ (leg. M. Halada) ; Plovdiv: Rodopi, Hrabrino , 5.7.1997, 2♀ (leg. Z. Pedr) ; Stara Zagora: Rodopi, Galabovo , 1.8.1997, 1♀ (leg. Z. Pedr) . CROATIA: Lika-Senj: Gospic , 44°25.8ʹN / 15°31.5ʹE, 600 m, 24.5.2005, 2♂ (leg. Z. Pedr) . FRANCE: Bouches-du-Rhône: Alpilles, Aureille , 19.5.2004, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. A. Müller) ; Hautes-Alpes: Vallé du Durance, Prelles , 6 km SW Briancon, 44°51.51ʹN / 06°34.71ʹE, 1200 m, 6.6.1997, 1♀ (leg. O. Niehuis) ; Pyrénées- Orientales: Eyne, La Font del Sastre , 42.29°N / 02.05°E, 1630 m, 15.7.2008, 1♂ (leg. L. Ree Blondiau) . GREECE: Aegean Islands: Chios, Armolia , 38.2723°N / 26.0445°E, 1.5.2012, 1♂ (leg. M. Taylor) ; Central Greece: Andikira , 25 km SE Delphi, 8.5.2005, 3♀, 3♂ (leg. J. Halada) ; Peloponnese: Agios Petros, Oros Parnion , 1700 m, 11.7.1997, 2♀ (leg. W.Arens) . ITALY: Aosta: Gimillan , 1900 m, 11.7.1996, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. A. Müller) ; Piemonte: Sestriere , 2080 m, 26.7.1975, 1♀ (leg. R. Bärfuss) ; Puglia: Gargano, M.S. Angelo, Foresta Umbra , 3.7.1994, 1♀ (leg. A. Müller) ; Trentino-Alto Adige: Monte Baldo, Riserva Naturale Corna Piana , 1400–1600 m, 23.7.2010, 1♀ (leg. A. Mül- ler) . MOROCCO: Drâa-Tafilalet: Agouim , 14.5.1997, 1♀ (leg. K. Denes) ; Fès-Meknès : N Aknoul, 4.5.2003, 1♂ (leg. M. Snizek) ; Marrakesh-Safi: Ijoukak , 50 km SW Asni, 31°00ʹN / 8°07ʹW, 22.4.1996, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz) ; Souss-Massa: Irherm , 20.4.1990, 1♀ (leg. M. Halada) . PORTUGAL: Faro: Fafe env., Lagoa , 15.7.1994, 1♀ (leg. P. Seidler) . RUSSIA: North Caucasian: Kislovodsk , 15.7.1914, 1♂ (leg. Bartnev) . SLOVAKIA: Nitra: Štúrovo , 12.6.1977, 1♀ (leg. M. Kocourek) . SPAIN: Almería: Almería , 36.51.233N / 02.45.431W, 1280 m, 8.6.2007, 1♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Engel) ; Jaén: Sierra Pozo, Puento Liano , 1800 m, 12.6.2003, 1f (leg. M. Kafka) ; León : La Magdalena, 1000 m, 11.7.1987, 1♀ (leg. M. Schwarz) ; Murcia: Pto. De Jumilla , 800 m, 19.5.2003, 1f (leg. J. Halada) . TUR- KEY: Agri: Agri env., 27.6.1993, 1♂ (leg. M. Halada) ; Ankara: Soguksu env., 80 km N Ankara, 1300 m, 14.6.2001, 2♂ (leg. K. Denes) ; Bolu: Bolu lake , 21.6.1993, 1m (leg. K. Denes) ; Erzurum: Erzurum, Palandöken , 2200 m, 13.7.1994, 1♀ (leg. E. Yildirim) ; Konya: Madensehir , 1300 m, 23.6.1984, 1♀ (leg. K. Warncke) ; Kütahya : 30 km N Kütahya, 13.6.2000, 2♀, 1♂ (leg. M. Halada) ; Sivas: Mezikiran Gecidi , 20 km E Gürün, 10.7.1997, 1♂ (leg. M. Halada) ; Yozgat: Saraykent env., 70 km E Yozgat, 1300 m, 13.6.2001, 1♀ (leg. K. Denes) . UKRAINE: Crimea: Jalta , 10.7.1985, 1♀ (leg. K. Denes) .

Distribution. From southern Morocco over the Iberian Peninsula ( Portugal, Spain) and France to southern Switzerland; from southern and eastern Austria, southernmost Czech Republic, southeastern Poland, Slovakia and Hungary over southern Ukraine to southern European Russia; from Italy, Slovenia and the Balkan Peninsula ( Croatia, Greece, Bulgaria) over Turkey to the Caucasus (Georgia) and Central Asia ( Kazakhstan). The record from Egypt given by Ducke (1900) and quoted by Warncke (1988) is most probably erroneous.

Subspecific classification. Warncke (1988) recognized two subspecies of O. tergestensis , i.e. O. t. tergestensis Ducke, 1897 occurring in eastern and southeastern Europe and O. t. ononidis Ferton, 1897 distributed in northern Africa, southwestern Europe and Turkey. The investigation of a large material of O. tergestensis from its entire distribution range revealed no clear morphological gaps nor consistent patterns with respect to e.g. colour of pilosity or density of tergal punctation between different populations. Thus, these two taxa are synonymized here.

Pollen hosts. Oligolectic on Fabaceae (Tab. 1; Özbek 1979, 2013; Özbek & Zanden 1992; Rozen et al. 2010); pollen hosts are species of Loteae (e.g. Lotus , Hippocrepis ), Hedysareae (e.g. Onobrychis ), Genisteae, Galegeae (e.g. Astragalus ) and other Fabaceae tribes.

Nesting biology. O. tergestensis nests in preexisting cavities, i.e. under or between stones, in holes and fissures of rocks and stones, in dense grass tussocks, occasionally also in hollow broken stems of Heracleum (Apiaceae) ( Fig. 15, 17 ; Benoist 1931; Ferton 1897; Müller et al. 1997; Ivanov & Filatov 2008; Rozen et al. 2010). The nests contain one to five brood cells, which are constructed closely beside each other and completely hidden within the cavity. The cells, whose orientation varies from horizontal to nearly vertical and which are neither glued to the substrate nor to adjacent cells, are three-layered with a central layer built of mud and small pebbles sandwiched between two layers of large petal pieces of Cistus (Cistaceae) , Geranium (Geraniaceae) , Helianthemum (Cistaceae) , Hieracium (Asteraceae) , Linum (Linaceae) , Ononis (Fabaceae) and probably other plant taxa ( Fig. 16 ; Benoist 1931; Ferton 1897; Müller et al. 1997; Ivanov & Filatov 2008). In narrow cavities, the space in front of the cell(s) is sometimes filled with earth fragments up to a length of 0.5 cm ( Ferton 1897).

Figures

FIGURES 15–23: Osmia (Tergosmia). 15: Female of O. tergestensis in front of her brood cell hidden in a rock fissure (photo A. Krebs). 16: Female of O. tergestensis folding petal after having it bitten off from flower of Geranium pyrenaicum (Geraniaceae; photo A. Krebs). 17: Brood cells of O. tergestensis between blades of dense grass tussock. 18: Brood cell of O. avosetta at the end of a short burrow in the ground (photo C. Sedivy). 19: Female of O. lunata depositing nectar in her brood cell built in a short burrow in the ground. 20–22: Male terga 6–7 of O. avosetta (20), O. lunata (21), O. rhodoensis (22) and O. tergestensis (23).