Viola subg. Neoandinium sect. Rosulatae

Nicola, Marcela V., Salomón, Luciana & Flores, Ana R., 2024, A new species of Andean rosulate Viola (subg. Neoandinium, Violaceae) endemic to the Puna of north-western Argentina, Phytotaxa 671 (3), pp. 271-283 : 279-280

Key to the species of Viola subg. Neoandinium sect. Rosulatae pro parte

* Species indicated with an asterisk are certainly or apparently extinct, or not presently known or located in situ (following Watson et al. 2021).

1. Lamina with entire margins (or sub-entire)........................................................................................................................................2

- Lamina with non-entire margins (crenulate, sub-crenate, crenate, or lobed) ...................................................................................13

2. Lamina mainly as wide as long or wider (e.g. flabellate, obovate, orbicular, reniform or rhomboid)...............................................3

- Lamina mainly longer than wide (e.g. elliptic, oblong, oblong-obovate or elongated rhomboid)...................................................10

3. Stipules absent .......................................................................................................................................... Viola kermesina W. Becker

- Stipules present...................................................................................................................................................................................4

4. Both lamina surfaces mainly hairy; stipules with margins ciliate......................................................................................................5

- Both lamina surfaces mainly glabrous; stipules glabrous ..................................................................................................................6

5. Style apex with crest retrorse, broadened, subincise-tripartite..................................................................... Viola lanifera W. Becker

- Style apex without crest, truncated, with three small conical protuberances..................................................... Viola montagnei Gay

6. Lamina orbicular, upper surface smooth, and lower surface eglandular......................................... Viola evae Hieron. ex W. Becker

- Lamina mainly rhomboidal, upper surface with raised venation, and lower surface with glands .....................................................7

7. Lamina margin distinctly red; corolla base color deep violet .............................. Viola rubromarginata J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores

- Lamina surface concolor with margins; corolla base color white, pink or pale violet-pink ..............................................................8

8. Calyx glabrous.............................................................................................................. Viola trochlearis J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores

- Calyx hairy .........................................................................................................................................................................................9

9. Style crest trilobed, flabellate, with lobes somewhat down-curved ................................................. Viola rugosa Phil. ex W. Becker

- Style crest trilobed, narrower and arranged backwards................................................................................... Viola decipiens Reiche

10. Stipules present; sepals glabrous......................................................................................................................................................11

- Stipules absent or caduceus; sepals hairy (ciliate or hirsute) ...........................................................................................................12

11. Rosette with loosely arranged leaves; lamina apex rounded, lower surface eglandular; lateral petals hairy; style crest entire, flabelliform........................................................................................................................................... Viola niederleinii W. Becker *

- Rosette with compactly arranged leaves; lamina apex acute, lower surface with glands; lateral petals glabrous; style crest with two large ovate lobes .................................................................................................................................. Viola rosulata Poepp. & Endl.

12. Lamina apex straight, glabrous, with glands on lower surface; style crest absent..................................... Viola lilloana W. Becker *

- Lamina apex recurved, with indumentum on both faces, glands absent; style crest present, entire, flabelliform............................... .................................................................................................................................................................. Viola replicata W. Becker *

13. Lamina with margins mainly coarsely lobed, cleft or pinnatifid......................................................................................................14

- Lamina with margins mainly crenulate, sub-crenate, or crenate to incised-crenate.........................................................................15

14. Lamina linear-oblong, apex acute, margins glabrous, lobes linear, upcurved.................................................. Viola hillii W. Becker

- Lamina ovate, apex obtuse, margins ciliate, lobes lanceolate, patent ...................................................... Viola ferreyrae P. Gonzáles

15. Lamina mainly as wide as long or wider, with apex obtuse.............................................................................................................16

- Lamina mainly longer than wide, with apex mainly acute (apex obtuse to rounded in V. gelida )...................................................28

16. Stipules absent; bracteoles long, 7−9 mm ........................................................................................................................................17

- Stipules present; bracteoles short, 1−4.5 mm ...................................................................................................................................18

17. Lamina obovate-cuneate, with 2 marginal crenations per side; bracteoles plane, 7−7.5 mm long; sepals glabrous; style crest entire, subrotund to flabellate ................................................................... Viola longibracteolata P. Gonzáles, Ed. Navarro & J.M. Watson

- Lamina subtriangular-flabellate, with 5 marginal crenations per side; bracteoles 3-winged, 9 mm long; sepals ciliate; style crest short trilobed................................................................................................... Viola ornata P. Gonzáles, Montesinos & J.M. Watson

18. Corolla orange-yellow..................................................................................................................................... Viola aurantiaca Leyb.

- Corolla white, lilac, purple or pink...................................................................................................................................................19

19. Both lamina surfaces hairy ...............................................................................................................................................................20

- Both lamina surfaces glabrous..........................................................................................................................................................23

20. Sepals with linear dark glands..........................................................................................................................................................21

- Sepals eglandular..............................................................................................................................................................................22

21. Plant herbaceous; style crest apical, trilobed, lateral lobes recurved and somewhat trilobed, middle lobe suberect and bilobed....... ......................................................................................................................................................... Viola llullaillacoensis W. Becker

- Plant with shortly branched, more or less woody caudex; style crest lateral, with two down-curved, narrowly, subtriangular appendages, one on each side......................................................................................... Viola singularis J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores

22. Stipules 3−4 mm, glabrous; peduncle hairy towards upper portion; bracteoles glabrous; style crest evident, apical, entire, obovate, transverse................................................................................................................................ Viola exsul J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores

- Stipules 1−1.5 mm with apex ciliate; peduncle glabrous; bracteoles with apex ciliate; style crest imperceptible on the sub-rotund style apex, lateral, with down-curved, small, subtriangular appendages ........................ Viola tovarii P. Gonzáles & J. Molina-Alor

23. Lower lamina surface with linear dark glands (exceptionally in V. roigii , present only in some lamina of some individuals).......24

- Lower lamina surface eglandular .....................................................................................................................................................26

24. Lateral petals hairy, with claviform hairs ............................................................................................................. Viola roigii Rossow

- Lateral petals glabrous......................................................................................................................................................................25

25. Upper lamina surface with an orbicular gland at the base of each marginal sinus................ Viola congesta Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

- Upper lamina surface eglandular......................................................................................... Viola volcanica Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.

26. Corolla pink; style crest imperceptible, short trilobed ........................................................................................ Viola philippii Leyb.

- Corolla white or purple; style crest evident, entire or trilobed.........................................................................................................27

27. Corolla purple; style crest entire.............................................................................................................................. Viola exilis Phil. *

- Corolla white; style crest one short erect frontal lobe and two lateral lobes.............................................. Viola friderici W. Becker *

28. Lamina margins glabrous .................................................................................................... Viola watsoniana A.R. Flores & Nicola

- Lamina margins ciliate to hairy ........................................................................................................................................................29

29. Lower lamina surface with linear dark glands .................................................................................................................................30

- Lower lamina surface eglandular .....................................................................................................................................................37

30. Both lamina surfaces hairy ...............................................................................................................................................................31

- Both lamina surfaces glabrous..........................................................................................................................................................33

31. Stipules present............................................................................................................................................ Viola philippiana Greene

- Stipules absent ..................................................................................................................................................................................32

32. Upper and lateral petals glabrous; style crest tripartite with segments sometimes divided .................................... Viola frigida Phil.

- Upper and lateral petals hairy; style crest trilobed .................................................................................. Viola spegazzinii W. Becker

33. Lateral petals hairy ..................................................................................................................................... Viola tectiflora W. Becker

- Lateral petals glabrous......................................................................................................................................................................34

34. Sepals hairy ................................................................................................................................................... Viola chamaedrys Leyb.

- Sepals glabrous.................................................................................................................................................................................35

35. Corolla white or lilac with dark purple lines; style crest trilobed ................................. Viola farkasiana J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores

- Corolla white to pink spotted deeper pink to purple overall; style crest entire................................................................................36

36. Lamina elongated elliptical, margins crenulate, upper lamina surface with an orbicular reddish gland at the base of each marginal sinus.............................................................................................................................. Viola escarapela J.M. Watson & A.R. Flores

- Lamina broadly rhomboid to obovoid, margins crenate, upper lamina surface eglandular ..................... Viola glechomoides Leyb. *

37. Both lamina surfaces and sepals glabrous........................................................................................................................................38

- At least one lamina surface and sepals hairy or tomentose..............................................................................................................39

38. Corolla purple.......................................................................................................................................... Viola argentina W. Becker *

- Corolla white with dark violet lines ...................................................................... Viola xanthopotamica J.M Watson & A.R. Flores

39. One lamina surface glabrous and other hairy or tomentose; stipules present; lateral petals glabrous .............................................40

- Both lamina surfaces hairy; stipules absent; lateral petals hairy......................................................................................................41

40. Lamina apex mainly obtuse to rounded; style crest apical, entire, sub-rotund .................................................................................... ..................................................................................................................... Viola gelida J.M. Watson, M.P Cárdenas & A.R. Flores

- Lamina apex mainly acute; style crest lateral, with a wing-shape lobe on each side...................................... Viola granulosa Wedd.

41. Flower 5−6 mm, lower petal glabrous; style crest truncated, convex, briefly trilobed................... Viola calchaquiensis W. Becker *

- Flower 4−5 mm, lower petal with two rows of hairs towards the base; apex of style non-rostrated to sub-rostrated, globose to convex, with two short horizontal lobes and a barely dilated third lobe................................................. Viola rodriguezii W. Becker