Xanthagaricus (Heinem.) Little Flower, Hosag. & T.K. Abraham, 1997

Yang, Kun L., Lin, Jia Y., Li, Guang-Mei, Liu, Zhen-Chao, Hosen, Md. Iqbal & Yang, Zhu L., 2024, Heinemannomyces, Hymenagaricus and Xanthagaricus revisited (Basidiomycota, Agaricaceae), Phytotaxa 659 (2), pp. 112-164 : 127

Xanthagaricus (Heinem.) Little Flower, Hosag. & T.K. Abraham , New Botanist 24: 93 (1997)

≡ Hymenagaricus subgen. Xanthagaricus Heinem. , Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique / Bulletin van de Nationale Plantentuin van België 54 (1/2): 158

Type species:— Xanthagaricus flavidorufus (Berk. & Broome) Little Flower, Hosag. & T.K. Abraham , New Botanist 24: 94 (1997)

Diagnostic characteristics:— Basidiomata usually tiny to small. Pileus usually less than 45 mm in diameter when mature, convex, plano-convex to plano-concave; background usually whitish to palely yellowish or palely violetish; squamules flaky, granular, furfurous, woolly to fibrous, usually yellowish or violetish, becoming lighter towards margin; margin usually appendiculate, not or indistinctly striate; context usually whitish, without a color change or turning reddish after damaged. Lamellae usually free, whitish to brownish when mature, nearly crowded to crowded, with a slightly serrate edge; lamellulae abundant. Stipe usually more than 1.2 times longer than the diameter of pileus, subcylindrical, slightly curved, and tapering downwards; background usually whitish to palely yellowish; squamules usually granular, furfurous to fibrous, usually more abundant below the annulus, usually whitish to yellowish; context usually whitish, without a color change or turning reddish after damaged. Annulus usually superior, easily broken, and fugacious. Odor usually fungal. Taste usually fungal.

Basidiospores usually ellipsoid, slightly thick-walled, smooth or ornamented, tinged yellowish or bluish, without or with an indistinct germ pore, without endosporal thickening. Basidia usually clavate, 4-spored. Lamella trama usually regular to subregular. Cheilocystidia usually moderately abundant to abundant, clavate to subcylindrical in outline, thin-walled, smooth. Pleurocystidia usually absent. Pileus squamules usually epithelioid to subhymeniform. Stipe squamules usually trichoid. Clamp connections usually absent in all tissues.

Habitat and distribution:— Solitary, gregarious, or strongly caespitose, scattered on soil as individuals or clusters, in forests or urban green belts. Currently, it is mainly known from paleotropical regions ( Bangladesh, China, India, Laos, Oman, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Thailand, and Tanzania).

Additional notes: This genus is similar to Hymenagaricus . For the comparison between them, see the Additional notes of Hymenagaricus above.