Bolitogyrus divisus Brunke

Brunke, Adam J. & Solodovnikov, Alexey, 2014, A revision of the Neotropical species of Bolitogyrus Chevrolat, a geographically disjunct lineage of Staphylinini (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae), ZooKeys 423, pp. 1-113 : 54-57

Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Staphylinidae

Bolitogyrus divisus Brunke sp. n. Figs 2A, 7D, G, H, 14C, 20 A–G, 24C, 27C, 32A, 31B (map)

Type locality.

COSTA RICA, Alajuela, 27 km N & 8 km W San Ramon.

Type material.

Holotype ♂ (SEMC): COSTA RICA, Alajuela, E.B. San Ramon, R.B. San Ramon, 27 km N & 8 km W San Ramon, 810 m, 10°13'4"N, 84°35'46"W, 8 JUL 2000, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, CR1ABF00 076, ex. fogging fungus covered log [white printed label] / SM0203230 [white barcode label] / Holotype, Bolitogyrus divisus Brunke, sp. n. [red printed label].

Paratypes (45 ♂ 19 ♀, INBIO, PTC, SEMC, ZMUC): same data as holotype, SM0203231, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 7.VII.2000, SM0203271, SM0203272, SM0203273, SM0203276, SM0203277, 4 ♂ 1 ♀ (SEMC). COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Peñas Blancas, 870 m, ex. Ascomycete, 19.V.1989, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, SM0037919, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except 970 m, ex. flight intercept trap, 20.V.1989, SM0037918, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Rincon Rainforest, Bioforestal Bustos, 860 m, ex. FIT-5, 2 to 5.IV.2002, P.N. Thomas, CR-1272, 1 ♀ (PTC), same except FIT-4, 820 m, 2 to 5.IV. 2001, CR-1271, 2 ♂ (PTC); Upala District, P. N. Volcan Tenorio, Cerro La Carmela, 1026 m, Malaise, 18.VII to 18.VIII.2010, J. A. Azofeifa, L_N_298828_427338 #99727, INB0004253815, 1 ♀ (INBIO); Rio Sn. Lorencito, Res. For. Sn. Ramon, 5 km N Col. Palmarena, 900 m, III.1990, 'Curso Carabidae ', 244500-470700, CR1000202352, 1 ♂ (ZMUC); Cartago, Guayabo National Park, 1060 m, secondary forest, ex. fog logs, 23.XI.2000, CR-1133, P.N. Thomas, 4 ♂ 2 ♀ (PTC). Guanacaste, Cacao Station, SW side Volcan Cacao, 1000-1400 m, X.1989, R. Blanco & C. Chavez, URCG, 323300, 375700, CR1000097076, 1 ♂ (INBIO), same except: VII.1989 to III.1990, CR1000248460, 1 ♂ (INBIO), same except: Malaise, VII.1989 to III.1990, L-N-375700, CR1000248491, 1 ♂ (INBIO); Guanacaste, Pitilla Biological Station, 10°59'22"N, 85°25'33"W, 900 m, ex. fogging fungus covered log, 13.VII.2000, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, Z. Falin, CR1ABF00 122, SM0198817, 1 ♂ (SEMC), same except: 580 m, 14.VII.2000, CR1ABF00 133, SM023302, 1 ♀ (SEMC), same except: 610 m, 14.VII.2000, SM0203303, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Guanacaste National Park, Pitilla Station, 9 km S Sta. Cecilia, 700 m, Malaise, 1991, L-N 330200, 380200, CR1000853086, 1 ♀ (INBIO); Guanacaste National Park, Pitilla Station, 690 m, ex. fogged logs, 21.III.2001, CR-1233, P.N. Thomas, 2 ♂ 3 ♀ (PTC), same except: Memos trail, 580-690 m, 22.I.2001, CR-1175, 10 ♂ 1 ♀ (PTC), same except: 720 m, ex. fogged tree, 21.III.2001, CR-1234, 2 ♂ 2 ♀ (PTC), same except: Montecele trail, 660 m, 23.III.2001, CR-1250, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (PTC); Rincon de la Vieja, Pailas Crater trail, 1180 m, ex. fog wet logs, 1.II.2001, P.N. Thomas, CR-1210, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (PTC); San Cristobal Station, Danta trail, 870 m, ex. fogged log, 4.IV.2001, P.N. Thomas, CR-1275, 8 ♂ (PTC), same except: 840 m, ex. flight intercept, CR-1262, 31.III to 4.IV.2001, 1 ♂ (PTC). Puntarenas, Monteverde Biological Reserve, Est. G. Brenes, 1300 m, VI.1991, E. Belio, L-N-249750, 450075, CR1000567249, CR1000567250, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ (INBIO); Monteverde, ex. flight intercept trap, 29 to 31.VI.1992, M.L. Jameson, SM0038005, 1 ♂ (SEMC); Monteverde, 1450 m, ex. polypore fungi, 15.V.1989, J. Ashe, R. Brooks, R. Leschen, SM0038013, 1 ♀ (SEMC), same except: 1400 m, ex. under logs and on fungi, 5.V.1989, #024, SM0038006, 1 ♀ (SEMC); San Luis, Monteverde, A.C. Arenal, 1040 m, Malaise, set 1993, Z. Fuentes, L N 250850_449250 #2429, CRI002523060, 1 ♀ (INBIO).

Diagnosis.

Within the Bullatus Lineage: three punctures in the dorsal row of the pronotum (Fig. 7D); lateral margins of pronotum only weakly convergent anteriad, sides nearly straight in anterior half (Fig. 7D); genital segment of both sexes bright yellow to orange, contrasting with previous segments (Fig. 14C).

Description.

Measurements ♂ (n=5): HW/HL 1.68-1.82; PW/PL 1.49-1.55; EW/EL 1.22-1.28; ESut/PL 0.79-0.88; PW/HW 1.04-1.07; forebody length 4.0-4.3 mm.

Measurements ♀ (n=5): HW/HL 1.58-1.67; PW/PL 1.44-1.47; EW/EL 1.22-1.36; ESut/PL 0.72-0.86; PW/HW 1.01-1.06; forebody length 4.2-4.6 mm.

Coloration: Body dark brown, portions of frons occasionally with faint green-blue metallic reflection, pronotum with faint bronze metallic reflection; pronotum with base narrowly, and lateral portions broadly and distinctly paler, dark orange, pronotal protuberance often paler, pale lateral areas sometimes joining with that on pronotal protuberance; elytra reddish brown with epipleuron distinctly paler, yellowish, apex of elytra indistinctly paler; dorsal abdomen with segments III–V reddish brown, VI–VII darker, dark brown, tergite VII with variably shaped, apical, orange marking, tergite VIII usually entirely pale, yellow, sometimes yellow at base and dark at apex; genital segment of both sexes pale, yellow; antennomeres I–V pale, yellowish brown, some segments sometimes slightly darker, antennomeres VI–X dark brown, apical antennomere distinctly paler than previous, yellow to pale yellowish-white; maxillary and labial palpi yellow-brown; legs yellow to yellowish brown, femur with dark subapical band, profemur with dark band weakly formed, nearly absent on some specimens, tibia with darkened lateral face.

Head with median frontal impression present as a pair of subparallel lines forming the anterior margin of central protuberance, impression often obscured by sculpture; frons relatively coarsely sculptured, slightly glossy; base of head with well-developed posterior protuberances, surface smooth, glossy, with several coarse, sparsely distributed, asetose punctures; microsculpture absent dorsally except as broken lines on frons and well-developed, fine lines on temples.

Pronotum with disc smooth, glossy, with scattered fine to coarse micropunctures on disc; lateral areas with moderately impressed, irregularly spaced, asetose punctures, often contiguous; pronotal protuberance distinct in lateral view but slightly less pronounced in females; lateral margins of pronotum only weakly convergent anteriad, sides nearly straight in anterior half; with three punctures in dorsal row; scutellum with a few separated, moderately impressed, asetose punctures; elytra slightly to weakly transverse, suture shorter than pronotum at midlength; macrosetae of elytra relatively long and erect, distinct from overall surface sculpture in lateral view.

Median lobe divided apically into two lateral lobes; in lateral view, lateral lobes produced ventrad from their base, with subapical tooth on dorsal face, tooth conical and not flattened, apex of lateral lobe not flanged, evenly cylindrical (Fig. 17E; 32A); lateral lobes in parameral view convergent apically, touching or not, forming acute to broadly rounded emargination at their base (Fig. 17A); paramere distinctly shorter than median lobe, at most, slightly divided apically but always with median suture (Fig. 17A); in parameral view, paramere constricted at midlength, strongly dilated and then constricted subapicad, narrowed very slightly to apex (Fig. 17 C–D); apical portion of paramere with sides subparallel or divergent, apex blunt; with peg setae in a pair of lateral fields, strongly broadened at base, narrowed for the majority of their length and slightly widened at apex (Fig. 17 F–G). Male sternite VII shallowly but distinctly emarginate and with glabrous area apicomedially, this area slightly to strongly flattened; male sternite VIII with transverse basal line complete medially, with slightly emarginate apex, impressed and glabrous in elongate triangular area near emargination; male sternite IX distinctly asymmetrical at base, with moderately deep emargination at apex (Fig. 24C).

Female tergite X strongly constricted in basal half, evenly rounded at moderately narrow apex, base of female tergite X fused with accessory sclerite formed from the expanded basal margin of the laterotergal sclerites (Fig. 27C); female laterotergal sclerites strongly expanded at base and overlapping with tergite X (Fig. 27C).

Distribution.

Figure 31B. This species occurs along the Guanacaste, Tilarán and Central Cordilleras.

Bionomics.

This species has been collected at elevations ranging from 810-1450 m in flight traps, on fungi and by fogging fungus covered logs. Specimens have been collected in January-August and in October.

Etymology.

The species epithet refers to the division of the median lobe into a pair of lateral lobes bearing subapical teeth, a character unique to the Divisus Group of Bolitogyrus within the genus and the entire tribe Staphylinini .

Comments.

Among species with an overlapping distribution, Bolitogyrus divisus is most similar to Bolitogyrus bullatus and Bolitogyrus tortifolius but is easily distinguished by the pronotum with three punctures in the dorsal row. Bolitogyrus divisus is extremely similar to Bolitogyrus falini and except for the color of the genital segment, cannot be distinguished from it without the dissection of male specimens. The shape of the paramere differs between the two species but is subject to considerable variation. In general, the sides of the apical portion are subparallel or even slightly divergent, and the apex is rather blunt in Bolitogyrus divisus . In Bolitogyrus falini , the sides are convergent and the apex is narrower. The study of the lateral lobes of the aedeagus at unconventional angles, at high magnification and resolution using rSEM animations was critical in the development of the species concept used herein. rSEM animations revealed differences in the subapical teeth and the apices of the lateral lobe that perfectly coincided with the groups created using the color of the genital segment (see descriptions of Bolitogyrus divisus and Bolitogyrus falini ). All other variation observed in the aedeagi was overlapping between species when most specimens had been dissected. Although the shape of the subapical tooth and of the lobe apex are difficult to observe at lower magnifications, the color of the genital segment should allow the identification of nearly all specimens without dissection.